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Chuncha V, Achary Balahoju S, Dutta S, Giribabu L, Chitta R. Investigating the role of corrole as an excitation energy relay in light-induced processes in closely connected N,N'-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)aniline functionalized corrole donor-acceptor dyad. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:1041-1054. [PMID: 38549042 DOI: 10.1111/php.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
A photosynthetic antenna-reaction center model, BBA-PFCor comprised of N,N'-bis(biphenyl-4-yl)aniline (BBA) covalently functionalized to bis(pentafluoro)corrole moiety has been prepared and the contribution of the BBA as the photoinduced energy transfer antenna was investigated. UV-visible studies have shown that integrating the electron-rich BBA chromophore into the corrole core has broadened the soret band of the corrole moiety with the absorption spanning from 300 to 700 nm. Electrochemical studies, in corroboration with the computational calculations, revealed that, BBA moiety can act as an electron reservoir and, in the excited state, it would transfer the excited energy to the corrole moiety in the dyad. Steady-state fluorescence studies have demonstrated that, upon photoexcitation of the BBA moiety of BBA-PFCor at 310 nm in solvents of varied polarity, the BBA emission centered at 400 nm was observed to be quenched, with the concomitant appearance of the corrole emission from 500 to 700 nm, indicating the happening of photoinduced energy transfer (PEnT) from 1BBA* to corrole moiety. Parallel control experiments involving the excitation of the corrole moiety at 410 nm did not result in the diminishing of the corrole emission, suggesting that the quenching of the BBA emission in BBA-PFCor is majorly due to intramolecular PEnT from 1BBA* to corrole moiety leading to the formation of singlet excited corrole, that is, 1BBA*-PFCor ➔ BBA-1PFCor*. The free energy changes of PEnT, ΔGEnT, were found to be thermodynamically feasible in all the solvents used for the study. Parallel time-resolved fluorescence studies were congruent with the steady-state fluorescence results and provided further evidence for the occurrence of ultrafast PEnT from 1BBA*➔corrole in the dyad with the rates of energy transfer (kEnT) of ~108 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Chuncha
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Shivaprasad Achary Balahoju
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Snigdha Dutta
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Raghu Chitta
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Telangana, India
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Jopp S, Spruner von Mertz F, Ehlers P, Villinger A, Langer P. Synthesis and optical properties of bis- and tris-alkynyl-2-trifluoromethylquinolines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1246-1255. [PMID: 38887576 PMCID: PMC11181212 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Three bis- or tris-brominated 2-trifluoromethylquinolines have been successfully applied in palladium-catalysed Sonogashira reactions, leading to several examples of alkynylated quinolines in good to excellent yields. Optical properties of selected products have been studied by steady state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy which give insights of the influence of the substitution pattern and of the type of substituents on the optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jopp
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Peter Ehlers
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Zhao S, Lin Z, Wang F, Si Z, Chen Z. Theoretical simulation of TADF character of 3,9'-bicarbazole-modified 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine. J Mol Model 2024; 30:186. [PMID: 38801631 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Three donor (D)-acceptor (A)-type temperature-activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) molecules of 9-(2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (o-TrzDCz), 9-(3-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (m-TrzDCz), and 9-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (p-TrzDCz) were designed in this paper, and the photophysical properties, including the intersystem crossing rate, the reorganization energies (λ), and the intersystem crossing/reverse intersystem crossing (ISC/RISC) rate, were simulated to explore the effect of substitution sites on their TADF character. The values of the twist angle between the D and A moieties in ground state and the molecular root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the S1 and T1 states referenced to the S0 state indicate that o-TrzDCz possess bigger steric hindrance and stabler molecular configuration. The λ values of the ISC/RISC process should be 0.06/0.04 eV for o-TrzDCz, which are much smaller than those of m-TrzDCz (0.51/0.41 eV) and p-TrzDCz (1.93/1.06 eV). At the same time, o-TrzDCz possess the biggest kRISC (7.28 × 106 s-1) and kr (3.12 × 106 s-1) values and the smallest kp (0.10 s-1) value among the three titled molecules. These data indicate that o-TrzDCz should have more excellent TADF character than m-TrzDCz and p-TrzDCz. In a word, this research presents that adjusting the molecular linking manner should be a charming way to explore novel high-efficient TADF molecules. METHODS Quantum chemical calculations were performed at PBE0/6-31G* level by Gaussian 09 and ORCA 4.1.0 software packages, and reorganization energies and Huang-Rhys were performed by the DUSHIN program and MOMAP 2019B software package based on the Gaussian 09 output files, while the phosphorescence rates were performed at B3LYP/6-31G* level by Dalton 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwen Lin
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun City, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, People's Republic of China.
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun City, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City, People's Republic of China
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Al-Azzawi AGS, Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Iraqi A, Nofal MM, Murad AR, M. Hussein A. A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010164. [PMID: 36616512 PMCID: PMC9853510 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article covers the synthesis and design of conjugated polymers for carefully adjusting energy levels and energy band gap (EBG) to achieve the desired photovoltaic performance. The formation of bonds and the delocalization of electrons over conjugated chains are both explained by the molecular orbital theory (MOT). The intrinsic characteristics that classify conjugated polymers as semiconducting materials come from the EBG of organic molecules. A quinoid mesomeric structure (D-A ↔ D+ = A-) forms across the major backbones of the polymer as a result of alternating donor-acceptor segments contributing to the pull-push driving force between neighboring units, resulting in a smaller optical EBG. Furthermore, one of the most crucial factors in achieving excellent performance of the polymer is improving the morphology of the active layer. In order to improve exciton diffusion, dissociation, and charge transport, the nanoscale morphology ensures nanometer phase separation between donor and acceptor components in the active layer. It was demonstrated that because of the exciton's short lifetime, only small diffusion distances (10-20 nm) are needed for all photo-generated excitons to reach the interfacial region where they can separate into free charge carriers. There is a comprehensive explanation of the architecture of organic solar cells using single layer, bilayer, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. The short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) all have a significant impact on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Since the BHJ concept was first proposed, significant advancement and quick configuration development of these devices have been accomplished. Due to their ability to combine great optical and electronic properties with strong thermal and chemical stability, conjugated polymers are unique semiconducting materials that are used in a wide range of applications. According to the fundamental operating theories of OSCs, unlike inorganic semiconductors such as silicon solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices are unable to produce free carrier charges (holes and electrons). To overcome the Coulombic attraction and separate the excitons into free charges in the interfacial region, organic semiconductors require an additional thermodynamic driving force. From the molecular engineering of conjugated polymers, it was discovered that the most crucial obstacles to achieving the most desirable properties are the design and synthesis of conjugated polymers toward optimal p-type materials. Along with plastic solar cells (PSCs), these materials have extended to a number of different applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, the topics of fluorene and carbazole as donor units in conjugated polymers are covered. The Stille, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions widely used to synthesize alternating D-A copolymers are also presented. Moreover, conjugated polymers based on anthracene that can be used in solar cells are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. S. Al-Azzawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 00964, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahang M. Hussein
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Bezvikonnyi O, Bernard RS, Andruleviciene V, Volyniuk D, Keruckiene R, Vaiciulaityte K, Labanauskas L, Grazulevicius JV. Derivatives of Imidazole and Carbazole as Bifunctional Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8495. [PMID: 36499990 PMCID: PMC9739035 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
New derivatives of carbazole and diphenyl imidazole for potential multiple applications were synthesized and investigated. Their properties were studied by thermal, optical, photophysical, electrochemical, and photoelectrical measurements. The compounds exhibited relatively narrow blue light-emission bands, which is favorable for deep-blue electroluminescent devices. The synthesized derivatives of imidazole and carbazole were tested as fluorescent emitters for OLEDs. The device showed deep-blue emissions with CIE color coordinates of (0.16, 0.08) and maximum quantum efficiency of 1.1%. The compounds demonstrated high triplet energy values above 3.0 eV and hole drift mobility exceeding 10-4 cm2/V·s at high electric fields. One of the compounds having two diphenyl imidazole moieties and tert-butyl-substituted carbazolyl groups showed bipolar charge transport with electron drift mobility reaching 10-4 cm2/V·s at electric field of 8 × 105 V/cm. The synthesized compounds were investigated as hosts for green, red and sky-blue phosphorescent OLEDs. The green-, red- and sky-blue-emitting devices demonstrated maximum quantum efficiencies of 8.3%, 6.4% and 7.6%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentų g. 50, LT-51369 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ronit Sebastine Bernard
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viktorija Andruleviciene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Keruckiene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kamile Vaiciulaityte
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Linas Labanauskas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Department of Organic Chemistry, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Aoki S, Yokoi K, Hisamatsu Y, Balachandran C, Tamura Y, Tanaka T. Post-complexation Functionalization of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Applications to Biomedical and Material Sciences. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:36. [PMID: 35948812 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes exhibit excellent photophysical properties that include large Stokes shift, high emission quantum yields, and microsecond-order emission lifetimes, due to low-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer (spin-forbidden singlet-triplet (3MLCT) transition). As a result, analogs have been applied for research not only in the material sciences, such as the development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but also for photocatalysts, bioimaging probes, and anticancer reagents. Although a variety of methods for the synthesis and the applications of functionalized cyclometalated iridium complexes have been reported, functional groups are generally introduced to the ligands prior to the complexation with Ir salts. Therefore, it is difficult to introduce thermally unstable functional groups such as peptides and sugars due to the harsh reaction conditions such as the high temperatures used in the complexation with Ir salts. In this review, the functionalization of Ir complexes after the formation of cyclometalated Ir complexes and their biological and material applications are described. These methods are referred to as "post-complexation functionalization (PCF)." In this review, applications of PCF to the design and synthesis of Ir(III) complexes that exhibit blue -red and white color emissions, luminescence pH probes, luminescent probes of cancer cells, compounds that induce cell death in cancer cells, and luminescent complexes that have long emission lifetimes are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang SY, Qu YK, Liao LS, Jiang ZQ, Lee ST. Research Progress of Intramolecular π-Stacked Small Molecules for Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104125. [PMID: 34595783 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors can be designed and constructed in π-stacked structures instead of the conventional π-conjugated structures. Through-space interaction (TSI) occurs in π-stacked optoelectronic materials. Thus, unlike electronic coupling along the conjugated chain, the functional groups can stack closely to facilitate spatial electron communication. Using π-stacked motifs, chemists and materials scientists can find new ways for constructing materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), as well as enhanced molecular conductance. Organic optoelectronic devices based on π-stacked molecules have exhibited very promising performance, with some of them exceeding π-conjugated analogues. Recently, reports on various organic π-stacked structures have grown rapidly, prompting this review. Representative molecular scaffolds and newly developed π-stacked systems could stimulate more attention on through-space charge transfer the well-known through-bond charge transfer. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for utilizing and improving particular materials are discussed. The previous achievements and upcoming prospects may provide new insights into the theory, materials, and devices in the field of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Kun Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuit-Tong Lee
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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Maganti T, Venkatesan K. The Search for Efficient True Blue and Deep Blue Emitters: An Overview of Platinum Carbene Acetylide Complexes. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200014. [PMID: 35499257 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant strides achieved in organic light emitting diode (OLED) based display technologies during the last decade, the search for highly stable and efficient true blue/deep blue emitters continues to remain elusive. During the past decade, emitters with the basic molecular scaffold consisting of Pt(II) acetylides and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have opened interesting opportunities to tune the emission properties with desired chromaticity in the blue and deep blue region. With an aim to achieve the desired CIE coordinates along with low device roll-off efficiencies and satisfactory color purity, a number of variations on the basic molecular fragment have been made. A number of NHC Pt(II) alkyne complexes bearing monodentate, bidentate and tridentate ligands have been synthesized and their photophysical investigations have been reported. Although NHC Pt(II) alkyne complexes have been explored in other areas of applications, much of the investigations have been primarily focused for their interesting emission properties appearing particularly in the shorter wavelength (450-495 nm) part of the electromagnetic spectrum for organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices. In this review, we provide an overview of the investigated NHC Pt(II) acetylide complexes by detailing their synthesis, luminescence properties, performance in devices and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Maganti
- School of Natural Sciences, MQ Photonics Research Centre and MQ Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- School of Natural Sciences, MQ Photonics Research Centre and MQ Sustainable Energy Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Kim M, Ryu SU, Park SA, Pu YJ, Park T. Designs and understanding of small molecule-based non-fullerene acceptors for realizing commercially viable organic photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14004-14023. [PMID: 34760184 PMCID: PMC8565376 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a promising next-generation technology with great potential for portable, wearable, and transparent photovoltaic applications. Over the past few decades, remarkable advances have been made in non-fullerene acceptor (NFA)-based OPVs, with their power conversion efficiency exceeding 18%, which is close to the requirements for commercial realization. Novel molecular NFA designs have emerged and evolved in the progress of understanding the physical features of NFA-based OPVs in relation to their high performance, while there is room for further improvement. In this review, the molecular design of representative NFAs is described, and their blend characteristics are assessed via statistical comparisons. Meanwhile, the current understanding of photocurrent generation is reviewed along with the significant physical features observed in high-performance NFA-based OPVs, while the challenging issues and the strategic perspectives for the commercialization of OPV technology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Seung Un Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu Pohang Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673 Republic of Korea
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Ansari R, Hashemi D, Kieffer J. The role of halogen bonding in metal free phosphors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23351-23359. [PMID: 34636372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced spin-orbit coupling necessary for phosphorescence is thought to be due to the halogen bonding that is present in the all-organic crystalline systems. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the electronic and optical properties of purely organic phosphor candidates are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The unit cell structure of a known organic phosphor containing bromine is used to validate the accuracy of the computational methodology. Compared to experiments, the calculated lattice constants deviate by less than 1 percent for each lattice constant. The same computational approach is then used to predict the lattice constants for molecular analogs containing fluorine, chlorine, and iodine. Electronic structure and photonic properties of the predicted crystals are computed. Finally, the presence of halogen bonding is corroborated, with fluorine forming the weakest and iodine the strongest halogen bonding interactions. Our findings demonstrate how computational methods can be effectively used for the predictive design of organic materials in lighting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ansari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Hashemi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - John Kieffer
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Abstract
This review article focuses on the understanding of intersystem crossing (ISC) in molecules. It addresses readers who are interested in the phenomenon of intercombination transitions between states of different electron spin multiplicities but are not familiar with relativistic quantum chemistry. Among the spin-dependent interaction terms that enable a crossover between states of different electron spin multiplicities, spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is by far the most important. If SOC is small or vanishes by symmetry, ISC can proceed by electronic spin-spin coupling (SSC) or hyperfine interaction (HFI). Although this review discusses SSC- and HFI-based ISC, the emphasis is on SOC-based ISC. In addition to laying the theoretical foundations for the understanding of ISC, the review elaborates on the qualitative rules for estimating transition probabilities. Research on the mechanisms of ISC has experienced a major revival in recent years owing to its importance in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Exemplified by challenging case studies, chemical substitution and solvent environment effects are discussed with the aim of helping the reader to understand and thereby get a handle on the factors that steer the efficiency of ISC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel M Marian
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40204, Germany;
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Lv X, Xu L, Cui W, Yu Y, Zhou H, Cang M, Sun Q, Pan Y, Xu Y, Hu D, Xue S, Yang W. High-Efficiency, Non-doped, Pure-Blue Fluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via Molecular Tuning Regulation of Hot Exciton Excited States. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:970-980. [PMID: 33356101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been made on researching triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials for realizing high-efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) through utilizing triplet exciton conversion to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) from the lowest triplet excited state (T1). However, hot exciton conversion from the upper triplet energy level state (Tn, n > 1) to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) is an increasingly promising method for realizing pure-blue non-doped OLEDs with performances comparable to those of TTA and TADF materials. Herein, two pure-blue fluorescent emitters of donor (D)-π-acceptor (A) type, PIAnCz and PIAnPO, were designed and synthesized. The excited-state characteristics of PIAnCz and PIAnPO, confirmed by theoretical calculations and photophysical experiments, demonstrated these materials' hot exciton properties. Based on PIAnCz and PIAnPO as emission layer materials, the fabricated non-doped devices exhibited pure-blue emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.16, 0.12) and (0.16, 0.15), maximum luminescences of 10,484 and 15,485 cd m-2, and maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 10.9 and 8.3%. Besides, at a luminescence of 1000 cd m-2, the EQEs of PIAnPO-based devices can still be high at 7.7%, and the negligible efficiency roll-off was 6.0%. The device performance of both materials demonstrates their outstanding potential for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Huayi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Miao Cang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, 30 Guanghua Street, Liaoyang 111003, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Xu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Dehua Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shanfeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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Paramasivam K, Fialho CB, Cruz TFC, Rodrigues AI, Ferreira B, Gomes CSB, Vila-Viçosa D, Charas A, Esperança JMSS, Vieira Ferreira LF, Calhorda MJ, Maçanita AL, Morgado J, Gomes PT. New luminescent tetracoordinate boron complexes: an in-depth experimental and theoretical characterisation and their application in OLEDs. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
New luminescent 2-iminopyrrolyl boron complexes with different BX2 moieties are extensively studied via complementary experimental and theoretical methodologies, including application in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Paramasivam
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Chemistry, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638 060, India
| | - Carina B. Fialho
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago F. C. Cruz
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Rodrigues
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bruno Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Diogo Vila-Viçosa
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Charas
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. S. S. Esperança
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Vieira Ferreira
- BSIRG – Biospectroscopy and Interfaces Research Group, IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria José Calhorda
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António L. Maçanita
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro T. Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Oh-e M, Nagasawa A. Advancing the a Posteriori Quest for Deep-Blue Phosphorescence: Quantifying Excitation-Induced Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer as a Guiding Indicator. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Oh-e
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Akira Nagasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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15
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Synthesis, characterization, and stability of poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) films surface functionalized with fluorescent moieties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Orwat B, Oh MJ, Zaranek M, Kubicki M, Januszewski R, Kownacki I. Microwave-Accelerated C,N-Cyclometalation as a Route to Chloro-Bridged Iridium(III) Binuclear Precursors of Phosphorescent Materials: Optimization, Synthesis, and Studies of the Iridium(III) Dimer Behavior in Coordinating Solvents. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9163-9176. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Orwat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Myong Joon Oh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Zaranek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Januszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kownacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, St. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Lv X, Sun M, Xu L, Wang R, Zhou H, Pan Y, Zhang S, Sun Q, Xue S, Yang W. Highly efficient non-doped blue fluorescent OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off based on hybridized local and charge transfer excited state emitters. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5058-5065. [PMID: 34122963 PMCID: PMC8159223 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing a donor–acceptor (D–A) molecule with a hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state is a very effective strategy for producing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a high exciton utilization efficiency and external quantum efficiency. Herein, a novel twisting D–π–A fluorescent molecule (triphenylamine–anthracene–phenanthroimidazole; TPAAnPI) is designed and synthesized. The excited state properties of the TPAAnPI investigated through photophysical experiments and density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveal that its fluorescence is due to the HLCT excited state. The optimized non-doped blue OLED using TPAAnPI as a light-emitting layer exhibits a novel blue emission with an electroluminescence (EL) peak at 470 nm, corresponding to the Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.22). A fabricated device termed Device II exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 18.09 cd A−1, power efficiency of 12.35 lm W−1, luminescence of ≈29 900 cd cm−2, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.47%, corresponding to a high exciton utilization efficiency of 91%. Its EQE remains as high as 9.70% at a luminescence of 1000 cd m−2 with a low efficiency roll-off of 15%. These results are among the best for HLCT blue-emitting materials involved in non-doped blue fluorescent OLEDs. The performance of Device II highlights a great industrial application potential for the TPAAnPI molecule. A new pure fluorescent blue HLCT-emitter was designed and synthesized. Highly efficient non-doped blue OLEDs with low efficiency roll-off were achieved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Mizhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Runzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Huayi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Pan
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology 30 Guanghua Street Liaoyang 111003 P. R. China
| | - Shitong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Qikun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Shanfeng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of the Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science &Technology 53-Zhengzhou Road Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
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18
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Föller J, Friese DH, Riese S, Kaminski JM, Metz S, Schmidt D, Würthner F, Lambert C, Marian CM. On the photophysical properties of Ir III, Pt II, and Pd II (phenylpyrazole) (phenyldipyrrin) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3217-3233. [PMID: 31993597 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05603c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The absorption and emission characteristics of (ppz)2(dipy)IrIII, (ppz)(dipy)PtII and (ppz)(dipy)PdII, where ppz stands for phenylpyrazole and dipy for a phenyl meso-substituted dipyrrin ligand, have been investigated by means of combined density functional theory and multireference configuration interaction including scalar relativistic and spin-orbit coupling effects. These results were compared with experimental spectra. The complexes exhibit a high density of low-lying electronically excited states originating from ligand-centered (LC) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states involving the dipyrrin ligand. In addition, metal-centered (MC) states are found to be low-lying in the Pd complex. In all three cases, the first strong absorption band and the phosphorescence emission band stem from LC excitations on the dipyrrin ligand with small MLCT contributions. The MLCT states show more pronounced relaxation effects than the LC states, with the consequence that the first excited state with predominant singlet multiplicity is of SMLCT/LC type in the heavier Ir and Pt complexes. Substantial spin-orbit coupling between SMLCT/LC and TLC enables fast and efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) and a high triplet quantum yield. Phosphorescence rate constants are rather small in accord with the dominant LC character of the transitions. Out-of-plane distortion promotes nonradiative decay of the excited state population via the MC states thus explaining the lower phosphorescence quantum yield of the Pt complex. The spectral properties of the Pd complex are different in many aspects. Optimization of the S1 state yields a dipyrrin intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) state with highly distorted nuclear arrangement in the butterfly conformers leading to nonradiative deactivation. In contrast, the primarily excited SLC state and the SMLCT/LC state of the twist conformer have nearly equal adiabatic excitation energies. The lack of a driving force toward the SMLCT/LC minimum, the high fluorescence rate constant of the bright SLC state and its moderately efficient ISC to the triplet manifold explain the experimentally observed dual emission of the Pd complex at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Föller
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Rodrigues AI, Krishnamoorthy P, Gomes CSB, Carmona N, Di Paolo RE, Pander P, Pina J, Sérgio Seixas de Melo J, Dias FB, Calhorda MJ, Maçanita AL, Morgado J, Gomes PT. Luminescent halogen-substituted 2-(N-arylimino)pyrrolyl boron complexes: the internal heavy-atom effect. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10185-10202. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01845g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New luminescent halogen-substituted 2-iminopyrrolyl boron complexes exhibited an internal-heavy atom effect depending on the position of the halogen atom, and activity in OLEDs.
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AWASTHI ANKURA, GUPTA NIKITA, SIDDIQUI QAMART, PARAB PRADNYA, PALIT DIPAKK, BOSE SANGITA, AGARWAL NEERAJ. Synthesis of acridone-naphthylamine derivative and its thermally-activated delayed fluorescence studies for application in OLEDs. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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İmik F, Yaşar S, Özdemir İ. Synthesis and investigation of catalytic activity of phenylene – And biphenylene bridged bimetallic Palladium-PEPPSI complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Recent Advances on Visible Light Metal-Based Photocatalysts for Polymerization under Low Light Intensity. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9090736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymerization processes activated by light have attracted a great deal of interest due to the wide range of applications in which this polymerization technique is involved. Parallel to the traditional industrial applications ranging from inks, adhesives, and coatings, the development of high-tech applications such as nanotechnology and 3D-printing have given a revival of interest to this polymerization technique known for decades. To initiate a photochemical polymerization, the key element is the molecule capable to interact with light, i.e., the photoinitiator and more generally the photoinitiating system, as a combination of several components is often required to create the reactive species responsible for the polymerization process. With the aim of reducing the photoinitiator content while optimizing the polymerization yield and/or the polymerization speed, photocatalytic systems have been developed, enabling the photosensitizer to be regenerated during the polymerization process. In this review, an overview of the photocatalytic systems developed for polymerizations carried out under a low light intensity and visible light is provided. Over the years, a wide range of organometallic photocatalysts has been proposed, addressing both the polymerization efficiency and/or the toxicity, as well as environmental issues.
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Pd nanoparticles immobilized on the magnetic silica–chitosan nanocomposite (NiFe2O4@SiO2@CS-Pd NPs) promoted the biaryl synthesis. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sanderson S, Philippa B, Vamvounis G, Burn PL, White RD. Understanding charge transport in Ir(ppy)3:CBP OLED films. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5083639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sanderson
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Bronson Philippa
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Paul L. Burn
- Centre for Organics Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ronald D. White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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Schibilla F, Holthenrich A, Song B, Linard Matos AL, Grill D, Rota Martir D, Gerke V, Zysman-Colman E, Ravoo BJ. Phosphorescent cationic iridium(iii) complexes dynamically bound to cyclodextrin vesicles: applications in live cell imaging. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7822-7828. [PMID: 30429991 PMCID: PMC6194495 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02875c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report cationic Ir(iii) complexes functionalized with adamantyl groups designed to bind to β-cyclodextrin vesicles (CDV) with high affinity (K a = 1 × 106 M-1). The emission of the complexes is tuned by changing the nature of the cyclometalating ligands. The host-guest adduct of CDV and Ir(iii) complexes shows increased and significantly blue-shifted emission due to the lower mobility of the Ir(iii)-complexes residing in the less polar environment of the vesicle surface. Ir(iii)-decorated CDV are efficiently taken up by cells and can be used in live cell imaging. The CDV act as carriers to transport the phosphorescent complexes into cells where they selectively stain mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Schibilla
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Correnstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Anna Holthenrich
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry , Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Boyi Song
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St. Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Anna Lívia Linard Matos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry , Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - David Grill
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry , Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St. Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Volker Gerke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry , Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation , Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM) , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Von-Esmarch-Strasse 56 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St. Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Correnstrasse 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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Im Y, Han SH, Lee JY. Bipolar type indolocarbazole host for green phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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CNC pincer palladium complex supported on magnetic chitosan as highly efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst in C─C coupling reactions. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Extensive effect of π-conjugation in rotatable oligonaphthyl derivatives on circularly polarised luminescence in solution and solid films. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Tseng TW, Mendiratta S, Luo TT, Chen TW, Lee YP. A new route to constructing rhenium(I)-based 8-hydroxyquinolate complexes: Synthesis, structures and luminescent properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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30
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Namanga JE, Gerlitzki N, Smetana V, Mudring AV. Supramolecularly Caged Green-Emitting Ionic Ir(III)-Based Complex with Fluorinated C^N Ligands and Its Application in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11026-11036. [PMID: 29190075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic Ir(III) complexes are the most promising emitters in light emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), especially in the high energy emission range for which it is difficult to find emitters with sufficient efficiencies and lifetimes. To overcome this challenge, we introduced the concept of intramolecular π-π stacking of an ancillary ligand (6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine, pbpy) in the design of a new green-emitting iridium ionic transition metal complex with a fluoro-substituted cyclometallated ligand, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridinato (4Fppy). [Ir(4Fppy)2(pbpy)][PF6] has been synthesized and characterized and its photophysical and electrochemical properties have been studied. The complex emits green light with maxima at 561 and 556 nm under UV excitation from powder and thin film, respectively, and displays a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 78.5%. [Ir(4Fppy)2(pbpy)][PF6] based LECs driven under pulsed current conditions showed under an average current density of 100 A m-2 (at 50% duty cycle) a maximum luminance of 1443 cd m-2, resulting in 14.4 cd A-1 and 7.4 lm W-1 current and power efficiencies, respectively. A remarkable long device lifetime of 214 h was observed. Reducing the average current density to 18.5 A m-2 (at 75% duty cycle) led to an exceptional device performance of 19.3 cd A-1 and 14.4 lm W1- for current and power efficiencies, an initial maximum luminance of 352 cd m-2 and a lifetime of 617 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Namanga
- OSRAM GmbH, CI ANM EU , Berliner Allee 65 , 86153 Augsburg , Germany
- Anorganische Chemie III - Materials Engineering and Characterization, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Critical Materials Institute , Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Niels Gerlitzki
- OSRAM OLED GmbH , Wernerwerkstrassse 2 , 93049 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Volodymyr Smetana
- Critical Materials Institute , Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- Anorganische Chemie III - Materials Engineering and Characterization, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Critical Materials Institute , Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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31
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Comprehensive spectroscopic studies of cis and trans isomers of red-phosphorescent heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Rafiee F, Mehdizadeh N. Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex of Vitamin B1 Supported on Silica-Coated Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: A Green and Efficient Catalyst for C–C Coupling. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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A green synthesis of biaryls in water catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles immobilized on N-amidinoglycine-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Bezvikonnyi O, Gudeika D, Volyniuk D, Grazulevicius JV, Bagdziunas G. Pyrenyl substituted 1,8-naphthalimide as a new material for weak efficiency-roll-off red OLEDs: a theoretical and experimental study. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the theoretical calculations of semiconducting properties, a new derivative ImPy for red OLEDs has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Bezvikonnyi
- Santaka Valley
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
- Experimental Physics Department
| | - Dalius Gudeika
- Santaka Valley
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
- Institute of Solid State Physics
| | - Dmytro Volyniuk
- Santaka Valley
- Kaunas University of Technology
- Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | | | - Gintautas Bagdziunas
- Department of Material Science and Electrical Engineering
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology
- Lithuania
- Department of Physical Chemistry
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35
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Alapour S, Zamisa SJ, Silva JRA, Alves CN, Omondi B, Ramjugernath D, Koorbanally NA. Investigations into the flexibility of the 3D structure and rigid backbone of quinoline by fluorine addition to enhance its blue emission. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Addition of fluorine to the quinoline structure was found to decrease its intermolecular interactions and influence its 3D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Alapour
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - S. J. Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - J. R. A. Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - C. N. Alves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - B. Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - D. Ramjugernath
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4041
- South Africa
| | - N. A. Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
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36
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PGE Production in Southern Africa, Part I: Production and Market Trends. MINERALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/min7110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Bachmann M, Blacque O, Venkatesan K. Harnessing White-Light Luminescence via Tunable Singlet-and Triplet-Derived Emissions Based on Gold(III) Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:9451-9456. [PMID: 28589572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
White light emitting gold(III) complexes were synthesized by tuning the percentage of metal dπ contribution in the charge transfer. This was achieved through specific tailoring of the ligand scaffold, which led to increase in the HOMO π-energy properties, resulting in a decrease of efficiency on the intersystem crossing (ISC). As a consequence, monomolecular based singlet- and triplet-derived emission covering the entire visible spectrum with quantum yield up to 28 % and CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.29, 0.33) to (0.32, 0.40) could be obtained. Furthermore, two complexes displayed excitation-dependent emission property due to hyper-ISC allowing the regulation of the ratio between fluorescence versus phosphorescence intensity and accomplish precise tuning of white light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia
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38
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Bachmann M, Terreni J, Blacque O, Venkatesan K. Rationally Designed Blue Triplet Emitting Gold(III) Complexes Based on a Phenylpyridine-Derived Framework. Chemistry 2017; 23:3837-3849. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Terreni
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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39
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Cho YJ, Kim SY, Son HJ, Cho DW, Kang SO. The effect of interligand energy transfer on the emission spectra of heteroleptic Ir complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8778-8786. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic Ir3+ complexes with luminescent ancillary ligands showed broad and red-shifted emissions owing to ILET, which was affected by the energy differences between the main and ancillary ligands, the temperature, and the rigidity of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jin Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
| | - So-Yoen Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
| | - Dae Won Cho
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
- Center for Photovoltaic Materials
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry
- Korea University (Sejong)
- Sejong
- South Korea
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40
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Okazaki M, Mizusawa T, Nakabayashi K, Yamashita M, Tajima N, Harada T, Fujiki M, Imai Y. Solvent-controlled sign inversion of circularly polarized luminescent binaphthylacetic acid derivative. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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41
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Citti C, Battisti UM, Ciccarella G, Maiorano V, Gigli G, Abbate S, Mazzeo G, Castiglioni E, Longhi G, Cannazza G. Analytical and preparative enantioseparation and main chiroptical properties of Iridium(III) bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato)picolinato. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:335-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Tanimoto S, Suzuki T, Nakanotani H, Adachi C. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Pentacarbazorylbenzonitrile. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Hasheminasab A, Dawadi MB, Mehr HS, Herrick RS, Ziegler CJ. Re(CO)3 Metallopolymers with Complete Metal Monomer Incorporation: Synthetic, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Computational Studies. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abed Hasheminasab
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Mahesh B. Dawadi
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Hamideh Shokouhi Mehr
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, United States
| | - Richard S. Herrick
- Department
of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Box C, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610- 2395, United States
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44
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Heil A, Gollnisch K, Kleinschmidt M, Marian CM. On the photophysics of four heteroleptic iridium(III) phenylpyridyl complexes investigated by relativistic multi-configuration methods. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1076902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Yang X, Zhou G, Wong WY. Functionalization of phosphorescent emitters and their host materials by main-group elements for phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8484-575. [PMID: 26245654 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have attracted increased attention from both academic and industrial communities due to their potential practical application in high-resolution full-color displays and energy-saving solid-state lightings. The performance of phosphorescent OLEDs is mainly limited by the phosphorescent transition metal complexes (such as iridium(III), platinum(II), gold(III), ruthenium(II), copper(I) and osmium(II) complexes, etc.) which can play a crucial role in furnishing efficient energy transfer, balanced charge injection/transporting character and high quantum efficiency in the devices. It has been shown that functionalized main-group element (such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur and fluorine, etc.) moieties can be incorporated into phosphorescent emitters and their host materials to tune their triplet energies, frontier molecular orbital energies, charge injection/transporting behavior, photophysical properties and thermal stability and hence bring about highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs. So, in this review, the recent advances in the phosphorescent emitters and their host materials functionalized with various main-group moieties will be introduced from the point of view of their structure-property relationship. The main emphasis lies on the important role played by the main-group element groups in addressing the key issues of both phosphorescent emitters and their host materials to fulfill high-performance phosphorescent OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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46
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Rommel SA, Sorsche D, Rockstroh N, Heinemann FW, Kübel J, Wächtler M, Dietzek B, Rau S. Protonation-Dependent Luminescence of an Iridium(III) Bibenzimidazole Chromophore. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Gneuß T, Leitl MJ, Finger LH, Rau N, Yersin H, Sundermeyer J. A new class of luminescent Cu(I) complexes with tripodal ligands – TADF emitters for the yellow to red color range. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8506-20. [PMID: 25434594 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of emissive and neutral Cu(I) compounds with tripodal ligands is presented. The complexes were characterized chemically, computationally, and photophysically. Under ambient conditions, the powders of the compounds exhibit yellow to red emission with quantum yields ranging from about 5% to 35%. The emission represents a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) combined with a short-lived phosphorescence which represents a rare situation and is a consequence of high spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In the series of the investigated compounds the non-radiative rates increase with decreasing emission energy according to the energy gap law while the radiative rate is almost constant. Furthermore, a well-fit linear dependence between the experimental emission energies and the transition energies calculated by DFT and TD-DFT methods could be established, thus supporting the applicability of these computational methods also to Cu(I) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Gneuß
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Materials Science Centre and Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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48
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Srivastava R, Joshi LR. The effect of substituted 1,2,4-triazole moiety on the emission, phosphorescent properties of the blue emitting heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes and the OLED performance: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:17284-94. [PMID: 25017989 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral heteroleptic mononuclear iridium(III) complexes was investigated using the density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory approach to determine the effect of the substituted 1,2,4-triazole moiety on the electronic structures, emission, and phosphorescent properties and the organic light emitting diode (OLED) performance. The results reveal that substitution of the free position in the triazole ring by -PhOCH3 (2) provides a higher emission energy and a lower oscillator strength, leading to longer radiative lifetime values mainly due to the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer transition character. The evaluation, based on one-center spin-orbit coupling, results in higher kr values for the substituent -F5Ph (5) and a lower ΔE(S-T) value. Furthermore, we also investigated the performance of the OLED device, including the charge injection/transport/balance ability, increases in the Förster energy transfer rate and triplet exciton confinement for host and guest materials of blue emitting Ir(III) complexes. Finally, we hope that our investigations will help in the design of highly efficient phosphorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Srivastava
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500607, India.
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49
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Xu X, Yang X, Zhao J, Zhou G, Wong WY. Recent Advances in Solution-Processable Dendrimers for Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (PHOLEDs). ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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50
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Kleinschmidt M, van Wüllen C, Marian CM. Intersystem-crossing and phosphorescence rates in fac-IrIII(ppy)3: A theoretical study involving multi-reference configuration interaction wavefunctions. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:094301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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