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Canevali C, Sansonetti A, Rampazzi L, Monticelli D, D'Arienzo M, Di Credico B, Ghezzi E, Mostoni S, Nisticò R, Scotti R. The Chemistry of Chelation for Built Heritage Cleaning: The Removal of Copper and Iron Stains. Chempluschem 2024:e202300709. [PMID: 38683651 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Chelators are widely used in conservation treatments to remove metal stains from marble, travertine, and limestone surfaces. In the current review the chemical aspects underlying the use of chelators for the removal of copper and iron stains from built heritage are described and clear criteria for the selection of the most efficient stain removal treatment are given. The main chelator structural features are outlined and the operating conditions for effective metal stain removal (pH, time of application, etc.) discussed, with a particular emphasis on the ability to form stable metal complexes, the high selectivity towards the metal that should be removed, and the high sustainability for the environment. Dense matrices often host chelators for higher effectiveness, and further research is required to clarify their role in the cleaning process. Then, relevant case studies of copper and iron stain removal are discussed. On these bases, the most effective chelators for copper and stain removal are indicated, providing chemists and conservation scientists with scientific support for conservation operations on stone works of art and opening the way to the synthesis of new chelators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Canevali
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sansonetti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC-CNR), Via Roberto Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rampazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umane e dell'Innovazione per il Territorio (DiSUIT), Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Sant'Abbondio 12, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Damiano Monticelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, Italy
| | - Massimiliano D'Arienzo
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Credico
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ghezzi
- Brera Academy of Fine Arts, Via Brera 28, 20121, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Mostoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisticò
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Scotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, INSTM, via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies-CNR, Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123, Povo (TN), Italy
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Couto RAA, Miguel RB, Vieira EG, Brendlé J, Limousy L, Constantino VRL, Ferreira AMDC. Synthetic beidellite clay as nanocarrier for delivery of antitumor oxindolimine-metal complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112099. [PMID: 36584559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the immobilization of oxindolimine‑copper(II) or zinc(II) complexes [ML] in synthetic beidellite (BDL) clay were developed to obtain a suitable inorganic carrier capable of promoting the modified-release of metallopharmaceuticals. Previous investigations have shown that the studied metal complexes are promising antitumor agents, targeting DNA, mitochondria, and some proteins. They can bind to DNA, causing oxidative damage via formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In mitochondria they lead to a decrease in membrane potential, acting as decoupling agents, and therefore efficiently inducing apoptosis. Additionally, they inhibit human topoisomerase IB and cyclin dependent kinases, proteins involved in the cell cycle. BDL clays in the sodium form were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by a set of physicochemical techniques while the BDL-[ML] hybrid materials were prepared by ion exchange method. The characterization of pristine clay and the obtained hybrids were performed by Infrared, Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, specific surface area, zeta potential and surface ionic charge measurements. The [ML] release assays under the same cell incubation conditions were performed monitoring metals by X-ray fluorescence. The BDL-[CuL] hybrid materials were stable and able to derail tumor HeLa cells, with corresponding IC50 values in the 0.11-0.41 mg mL-1 range. By contrast, the analogous hybrid samples of zinc(II) and the pristine BDL proved to be non-toxic facing the same cells. These results indicate a promising possibility of using synthetic beidellite as a carrier of such antitumor metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Alexandre Alves Couto
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Bernardi Miguel
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Guimarães Vieira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jocelyne Brendlé
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, cedex, France.
| | - Lionel Limousy
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, cedex, France.
| | - Vera Regina Leopoldo Constantino
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Da Costa Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Montmorillonite-Rifampicin Nanohybrid for pH-Responsive Release of the Tuberculostatic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020512. [PMID: 36839834 PMCID: PMC9966939 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the development of a hybrid and pH-responsive system for rifampicin using the clay mineral 'montmorillonite' as a nanocarrier. The influence of operational variables on the drug incorporation process was evaluated using 24 factorial designs. Under optimized conditions, the experiment allowed an incorporated drug dose equivalent to 98.60 ± 1.21 mg/g. Hybrid systems were characterized by different characterization techniques (FTIR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and SEM) to elucidate the mechanism of interaction between the compounds used. Through in vitro release studies, it was possible to verify the efficacy of the pH-dependent system obtained, with approximately 70% of the drug released after sixteen hours in simulated intestinal fluid. The adjustment of the experimental release data to the theoretical model of Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas indicated that the release of rifampicin occurs in a prolonged form from montmorillonite. Elucidation of the interactions between the drug and this raw clay reinforces its viability as a novel carrier to develop an anti-TB/clay hybrid system with good physical and chemical stability.
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Impregnation of Synthetic Saponites with Aldehydes: A Green Approach in the Intercalation of Bioactive Principles. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic saponite clay was impregnated with either linear saturated or unsaturated aldehydes through an incipient-wetness deposition approach. To increase the aldehyde loading, saponite was also intercalated with positively charged cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) species, aiming to expand the clay gallery and to increase the hydrophobic character of the host solid. A multitechnique, physicochemical investigation was performed on the organic–inorganic hybrid solids. The analyses revealed that the aldehydes are mainly adsorbed on the clay particles’ surface, with a small fraction inside the interlayer space. In CTA+-modified saponites, the concentration of saturated aldehydes was higher than the one observed in the pure clay. These features are quite promising for the development of novel layered solids containing bioactive molecules for ecocompatible and economically sustainable applications, especially in agriculture, for the development of innovative hybrid materials for crop protection.
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Ahmad MN, Nadeem S, Javed M, Iqbal S, Hassan SU, Aljazzar SO, Elkaeed EB, Pashameah RA, Alzahrani E, Farouk AE, Alotaibi MT, Abd-Rabboh HSM. Improving the Thermal Behavior and Flame-Retardant Properties of Poly(o-anisidine)/MMT Nanocomposites Incorporated with Poly(o-anisidine) and Clay Nanofiller. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175477. [PMID: 36080245 PMCID: PMC9457598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of MMT and poly(o-anisidine) (MMT/POA) clay nanocomposites was carried out by using the chemical oxidative polymerization of POA and MMT clay with POA, respectively. By maintaining the constant concentration of POA, different percentage loads of MMT clay were used to determine the effect of MMT clay on the properties of POA. The interaction between POA and MMT clay was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, and, to reveal the complete compactness and homogeneous distribution of MMT clay in POA, were assessed by using scanning-electron-microscope (SEM) analysis. The UV–visible spectrum was studied for the optical and absorbance properties of MMT/POA ceramic nanocomposites. Furthermore, the horizontal burning test (HBT) demonstrated that clay nanofillers inhibit POA combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Nadeem Ahmad
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Sadaf ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Samar O. Aljazzar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Adel Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abd-ElAziem Farouk
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P. O Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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