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Guo X, Apostol P, Zhou X, Wang J, Lin X, Rambabu D, Du M, Er S, Vlad A. Towards the 4 V-class n-type organic lithium-ion positive electrode materials: the case of conjugated triflimides and cyanamides. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2024; 17:173-182. [PMID: 38173560 PMCID: PMC10759797 DOI: 10.1039/d3ee02897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic electrode materials have garnered a great deal of interest owing to their sustainability, cost-efficiency, and design flexibility metrics. Despite numerous endeavors to fine-tune their redox potential, the pool of organic positive electrode materials with a redox potential above 3 V versus Li+/Li0, and maintaining air stability in the Li-reservoir configuration remains limited. This study expands the chemical landscape of organic Li-ion positive electrode chemistries towards the 4 V-class through molecular design based on electron density depletion within the redox center via the mesomeric effect of electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs). This results in the development of novel families of conjugated triflimides and cyanamides as high-voltage electrode materials for organic lithium-ion batteries. These are found to exhibit ambient air stability and demonstrate reversible electrochemistry with redox potentials spanning the range of 3.1 V to 3.8 V (versus Li+/Li0), marking the highest reported values so far within the realm of n-type organic chemistries. Through comprehensive structural analysis and extensive electrochemical studies, we elucidate the relationship between the molecular structure and the ability to fine-tune the redox potential. These findings offer promising opportunities to customize the redox properties of organic electrodes, bridging the gap with their inorganic counterparts for application in sustainable and eco-friendly electrochemical energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Guo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium
| | - Petru Apostol
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium
| | - Xuan Zhou
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jiande Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium
| | - Darsi Rambabu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium
| | - Mengyuan Du
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium
| | - Süleyman Er
- DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research De Zaale 20 5612 AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348 Belgium
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Wang J, Apostol P, Rambabu D, Guo X, Liu X, Robeyns K, Du M, Zhang Y, Pal S, Markowski R, Lucaccioni F, Lakraychi AE, Morari C, Gohy JF, Gupta D, Vlad A. Revealing the reversible solid-state electrochemistry of lithium-containing conjugated oximates for organic batteries. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6079. [PMID: 37115926 PMCID: PMC10146882 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the rising advent of organic Li-ion positive electrode materials with increased energy content, chemistries with high redox potential and intrinsic oxidation stability remain a challenge. Here, we report the solid-phase reversible electrochemistry of the oximate organic redox functionality. The disclosed oximate chemistries, including cyclic, acyclic, aliphatic, and tetra-functional stereotypes, uncover the complex interplay between the molecular structure and the electroactivity. Among the exotic features, the most appealing one is the reversible electrochemical polymerization accompanying the charge storage process in solid phase, through intermolecular azodioxy bond coupling. The best-performing oximate delivers a high reversible capacity of 350 mAh g-1 at an average potential of 3.0 versus Li+/Li0, attaining 1 kWh kg-1 specific energy content at the material level metric. This work ascertains a strong link between electrochemistry, organic chemistry, and battery science by emphasizing on how different phases, mechanisms, and performances can be accessed using a single chemical functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiande Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Petru Apostol
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Darsi Rambabu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Mengyuan Du
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shubhadeep Pal
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Robert Markowski
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Fabio Lucaccioni
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Alae Eddine Lakraychi
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Cristian Morari
- Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Tehnologii Izotopice și Moleculare Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, România
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
- Corresponding author. (D.G.); (A.V.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
- Corresponding author. (D.G.); (A.V.)
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