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Yang Z, Chan KW, Abu Bakar MZ, Deng X. Unveiling Drimenol: A Phytochemical with Multifaceted Bioactivities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2492. [PMID: 39273976 PMCID: PMC11397239 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Drimenol, a phytochemical with a distinct odor is found in edible aromatic plants, such as Polygonum minus (known as kesum in Malaysia) and Drimys winteri. Recently, drimenol has received increasing attention owing to its diverse biological activities. This review offers the first extensive overview of drimenol, covering its sources, bioactivities, and derivatives. Notably, drimenol possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, anti-insect, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. Moreover, some mechanisms of its activities, such as its antifungal effects against human mycoses and anticancer activities, have been investigated. However, there are still several crucial issues in the research on drimenol, such as the lack of experimental understanding of its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and toxicity. By synthesizing current research findings, this review aims to present a holistic understanding of drimenol, paving the way for future studies and its potential utilization in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Yang
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Kim Wei Chan
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Md Zuki Abu Bakar
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Xi Deng
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Navarro M, Urrejola F, Espinoza M, Silva S, González S, Utreras D, Fernandez K, Bravo J. Biological activity of the essential oil of Drimys winteri. Front Chem 2024; 12:1321300. [PMID: 38666047 PMCID: PMC11043559 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1321300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Chilean indigenous culture, the tree Drimys winteri (Winteraceae) Canelo is of great importance and is considered the sacred Mapuche tree. It has antibacterial and disinfectant properties and is used in the treatment of various diseases, such as fevers, ulcers, cancers, and respiratory tract problems. The essential oil obtained from D. winteri, DW_EO, is bioactive, possesses insecticidal and repellent properties against pests, and shows activity toward plant growth regulators. It also has a phytotoxic effect against the growth and germination of weeds. The essential oil obtained from the leaves and bark of Drimys winteri has demonstrated antifungal, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties in in vitro and in vivo studies. It also possesses antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects. The essential oil contains monoterpenes such as zafrol, pinenes, and linalool, among others, that contribute to its bioactivity. The DW_EO and bioactive compounds have great potential in various applications in medicine, industrial food, sanitizer, and other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Navarro
- Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Urrejola
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Misael Espinoza
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simón Silva
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián González
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Utreras
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Fernandez
- Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Bravo
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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Alruhaili MH, Almuhayawi MS, Gattan HS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Jaouni SKA, Selim S, AbdElgawad H. Insight into the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activities of Amomum subulatum and Amomum xanthioides: an in vitro and in silico study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1136961. [PMID: 37152127 PMCID: PMC10157186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Medicinal plants have been considered as potential source of therapeutics or as starting materials in drugs formulation. Methods The current study aims to shed light on the therapeutic potential of the Amomum subulatom and Amomum xanthioides Fruits by analyzing the phytochemical composition of their seeds and fruits using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques to determine the presence of bioactive components such as flavonoids, phenols, vitamins, steroids, and essential oils. Results and Discussion The protein content is usually higher than the total lipids in both species except the fruit of A. subulatum which contain more lipids than proteins. The total protein contents for A. subulatum were 235.03 ± 21.49 and 227.49 ± 25.82 mg/g dry weight while for A. xanthioides were 201.9 ± 37.79 and 294.99 ± 37.93 mg/g dry weight for seeds and fruit, respectively. The Carvacrol levels in A. subulatum is 20 times higher than that in A. xanthioides. Lower levels of α-Thujene, Phyllanderenes, Ascaridole, and Pinocarvone were also observed in both species. According to DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) assay, seed the extract of A. subulatum exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (78.26±9.27 %) followed by the seed extract of A. xanthioides (68.21±2.56 %). Similarly, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assay showed that the highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by the seed extract of the two species; 20.14±1.11 and 21.18±1.04 µmol trolox g-1 DW for A. subulatum and A. xanthioides, respectively. In terms of anti-lipid peroxidation, relatively higher values were obtained for the fruit extract of A. subulatum (6.08±0.35) and the seed extract of A. xanthioides (6.11±0.55). Ethanolic seed extracts of A. subulatum had the highest efficiency against four Gram-negative bacterial species which causes serious human diseases, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium. In addition, P. aeruginosa was also inhibited by the fruit extract of both A. subulatum and A. xanthioides. For the seed extract of A. xanthioides, large inhibition zones were formed against P. vulgaris and the fungus Candida albicans. Finally, we have in silico explored the mode of action of these plants by performing detailed molecular modeling studies and showed that the antimicrobial activities of these plants could be attributed to the high binding affinity of their bioactive compounds to bind to the active sites of the sterol 14-alpha demethylase and the transcriptional regulator MvfR. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the two species extracts possess high biological activities and therapeutical values, which increases their potential value in a number of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H. Alruhaili
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammed H. Alruhaili, ; Samy Selim, ; Hamada AbdElgawad,
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S. Gattan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned Talal Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammed H. Alruhaili, ; Samy Selim, ; Hamada AbdElgawad,
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed H. Alruhaili, ; Samy Selim, ; Hamada AbdElgawad,
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Giordani C, Spinozzi E, Baldassarri C, Ferrati M, Cappellacci L, Santibañez Nieto D, Pavela R, Ricciardi R, Benelli G, Petrelli R, Maggi F. Insecticidal Activity of Four Essential Oils Extracted from Chilean Patagonian Plants as Potential Organic Pesticides. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11152012. [PMID: 35956490 PMCID: PMC9370676 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Patagonia is a geographical area characterized by a wide plant biodiversity. Several native plant species are traditionally used in medicine by the local population and demonstrated to be sources of biologically active compounds. Due to the massive need for green and sustainable pesticides, this study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of essential oils (EOs) from understudied plants growing in this propitious area. Ciprés (Pilgerodendron uviferum), tepa (Laureliopsis philippiana), canelo (Drimys winteri), and paramela (Adesmia boronioides) EOs were extracted through steam distillation, and their compositions were analyzed through GC−MS analysis. EO contact toxicity against Musca domestica L., Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say was then evaluated. As a general trend, EOs performed better on housefly males over females. Ciprés EO showed the highest insecticidal efficacy. The LD50(90) values were 68.6 (183.7) and 11.3 (75.1) µg adult−1 on housefly females and males, respectively. All EOs were effective against S. littoralis larvae; LD50 values were 33.2−66.7 µg larva−1, and tepa EO was the most effective in terms of LD90 (i.e., <100 µg larva−1). Canelo, tepa, and paramela EOs were highly effective on C. quinquefasciatus larvae, with LC50 values < 100 µL L−1. Again, tepa EO achieved LD90 < 100 µL L−1. This EO was characterized by safrole (43.1%), linalool (27.9%), and methyl eugenol (6.9%) as major constituents. Overall, Patagonian native plant EOs can represent a valid resource for local stakeholders, to develop effective insecticides for pest and vector management, pending a proper focus on their formulation and nontarget effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Giordani
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
- Grupo Productos Naturales Marinos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Cecilia Baldassarri
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Marta Ferrati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16500 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via Del Borghetto 80, 856124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via Del Borghetto 80, 856124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2216141
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.S.); (C.B.); (M.F.); (L.C.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
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Zhou Y, Wu J, Lin S, He J, Deng Y, He J, Cheng D. The synergistic effects of rosehip oil and matrine against Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and the underlying mechanisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3424-3432. [PMID: 35545955 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) is an important agricultural pest that has a protective wax shell. Insecticides generally fail to achieve the desired control of I. aegyptiaca because of difficulties penetrating this wax shell. Plant essential oils are rich in terpenoids and have strong penetrability and expansibility, which can enable the rapid penetration and absorption of insecticides, thereby improving the control effect. Matrine is a botanical insecticide with contact and stomach toxicity, low toxicity toward non-target organisms and is environmentally friendly. In this study, we tested the insecticidal activity of rosehip oil (Ro)/matrine combinations and revealed the synergistic mechanism of Ro and its components with matrine in terms of physiology and biochemistry. RESULTS Ro/matrine combinations have strong penetrating power, enabling matrine to quickly penetrate the wax shell of I. aegyptiaca and enter the insect body. This improves the insecticidal activity and enhances inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Ro and its main chemical constituents, cineole and (+)-camphor, showed synergistic effects on matrine with synergic ratios of 4.79, 3.49 and 4.21, respectively. CONCLUSION Combinations of Ro, cineole and (+)-camphor with matrine have good insecticidal effects on I. aegyptiaca while remaining safe to the environment. These combinations of biological insecticides have excellent development prospects and provide a new reference for the pest management of scale insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyingzi Wu
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sukun Lin
- Guangdong Biological Pesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlang He
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchao He
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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Parada J, Díaz M, Hermosilla E, Vera J, Tortella G, Seabra AB, Quiroz A, Hormazábal E, Rubilar O. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Manganese-Ferrite/Silver Nanocomposite Combined with Two Essential Oils. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132137. [PMID: 35807973 PMCID: PMC9268028 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of metal nanoparticles obtained by biogenic routes has been extensively reported. However, their combined use with other antimicrobial formulations, such as essential oils, remains scarcely explored. In this work, a manganese-ferrite/silver nanocomposite (MnFe2O4/Ag-NC) was synthesized in a two-step procedure: first, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were produced by a coprecipitation method, followed by in situ biogenic reduction of silver ions using Galega officinalis. MnFe2O4/Ag-NC was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM-SQUID). The antibacterial activity if MnFe2O4/Ag-NC was evaluated against Pseudomonas syringae by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the presence of two essential oils: eucalyptus oil (EO) and garlic oil (GO). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) was also calculated to determine the interaction between MnFe2O4/Ag-NC and each oil. The MIC of MnFe2O4/Ag-NC was eightfold reduced with the two essential oils (from 20 to 2.5 µg mL−1). However, the interaction with EO was synergistic (FIC: 0.5), whereas the interaction with GO was additive (FIC: 0.75). Additionally, a time-kill curve analysis was performed, wherein the MIC of the combination of MnFe2O4/Ag-NC and EO provoked a rapid bactericidal effect, corroborating a strong synergism. These findings suggest that by combining MnFe2O4/Ag-NC with essential oils, the necessary ratio of the nanocomposite to control phytopathogens can be reduced, thus minimizing the environmental release of silver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Parada
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (J.P.); (E.H.); (G.T.)
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Marcela Díaz
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Edward Hermosilla
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (J.P.); (E.H.); (G.T.)
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Joelis Vera
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (M.D.); (J.V.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (J.P.); (E.H.); (G.T.)
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (M.D.); (J.V.)
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, Brazil;
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (A.Q.); (E.H.)
| | - Emilio Hormazábal
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (A.Q.); (E.H.)
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (J.P.); (E.H.); (G.T.)
- Biotechnological Research Center Applied to the Environment (CIBAMA-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco P.O. Box 54-D, Chile; (M.D.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Espinoza J, Medina C, Aniñir W, Escobar-Bahamondes P, Ungerfeld E, Urzúa A, Quiroz A. Insecticidal, Repellent and Antifeedant Activity of Essential Oils from Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii (Hook. & Arn.) Nied. Leaves and Pilgerodendron uviferum (D. Don) Florin Heartwood against Horn Flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). Molecules 2021; 26:6936. [PMID: 34834029 PMCID: PMC8621377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematobia irritans is a cosmopolitan obligate blood-feeding ectoparasite of cattle and is the major global pest of livestock production. Currently, H. irritans management is largely dependent on broad-spectrum pesticides, which has led to the development of insecticide resistance. Thus, alternative control methods are needed. Essential oils have been studied as an alternative due to their wide spectrum of biological activities against insects. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal, repellent and antifeedant activity of the essential oils from Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii leaves and Pilgerodendron uviferum heartwood against horn flies in laboratory conditions. The composition of the essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Accordingly, α-pinene (36.50%) and limonene (20.50%) were the principal components of the B. cruckchanksii essential oil, and δ-cadinol (24.16%), cubenol (22.64%), 15-copaenol (15.46%) and δ-cadinene (10.81%) were the most abundant compounds in the P. uviferum essential oil. Mortality of flies and feeding behavior were evaluated by non-choice tests, and olfactory response was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Both essential oils were toxic to horn flies, with LC50 values for B. cruckchanksii essential oil of 3.58 µL L-1 air at 4 h, and for P. uviferum essential oil of 9.41 µL L-1 air and 1.02 µL L-1 air at 1 and 4 h, respectively. Moreover, the essential oils exhibited spatial repellency in the olfactometer using only 10 µg of each oil, and these significantly reduced the horn fly feeding at all doses evaluated. Although further laboratory and field studies related to the insectistatic and insecticide properties of these essential oils against H. irritans are necessary, B. cruckshanksii leaves and P. uviferum heartwood essential oils are promising candidates for horn fly management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristian Medina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Washington Aniñir
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Paul Escobar-Bahamondes
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Vilcún, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Región de La Araucanía, Temuco 7500502, Chile; (P.E.-B.); (E.U.)
| | - Emilio Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Vilcún, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Región de La Araucanía, Temuco 7500502, Chile; (P.E.-B.); (E.U.)
| | - Alejandro Urzúa
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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