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Yang C, Nguyen VA, Nulu NPC, Kalaipandian S, Beveridge FC, Biddle J, Young A, Adkins SW. Towards Pathogen-Free Coconut Germplasm Exchange. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1809. [PMID: 38999649 PMCID: PMC11244555 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is an important palm species that serves as the mainstay of several industries and contributes to the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. International exchange of coconut germplasm has been undertaken for several decades to facilitate the conservation of selected varieties within global genebanks and for the distribution to farmers and scientists. In vitro systems are a convenient and an efficient method for the exchange of coconut germplasm. However, it is possible that these tissue culture systems can transfer lethal pathogens causing a threat to the importing countries. In this review, the following topics are discussed: the major disease-causing agents of concern, the various tissues that could be used for coconut germplasm exchange, and the techniques available for the detection and elimination of disease-causing agents from various transmission systems. Additionally, the lack of clear, science-backed guidelines to facilitate the exchange of in vitro coconut materials is raised, along with recommendations for future studies to ensure the safe movement of coconut germplasm without biosecurity risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxi Yang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Van Anh Nguyen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Bioengineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Fernanda Caro Beveridge
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Julianne Biddle
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Anthony Young
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Steve W Adkins
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Wang R, Bai B, Li D, Wang J, Huang W, Wu Y, Zhao L. Phytoplasma: A plant pathogen that cannot be ignored in agricultural production-Research progress and outlook. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13437. [PMID: 38393681 PMCID: PMC10887288 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are phloem-restricted plant-pathogenic bacteria transmitted by insects. They cause diseases in a wide range of host plants, resulting in significant economic and ecological losses worldwide. Research on phytoplasmas has a long history, with significant progress being made in the past 30 years. Notably, with the rapid development of phytoplasma research, scientists have identified the primary agents involved in phytoplasma transmission, established classification and detection systems for phytoplasmas, and 243 genomes have been sequenced and assembled completely or to draft quality. Multiple possible phytoplasma effectors have been investigated, elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which phytoplasmas manipulate their hosts. This review summarizes recent advances in phytoplasma research, including identification techniques, host range studies, whole- or draft-genome sequencing, effector pathogenesis and disease control methods. Additionally, future research directions in the field of phytoplasma research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency ProductionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Bixin Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency ProductionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Danyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency ProductionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jingke Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency ProductionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Weijie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency ProductionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High‐Efficiency ProductionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Echavarria MAZ, Barrantes EAB, Bartlett CR, Helmick EE, Bahder BW. A new species of Oecleus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) from the Osa Peninsula in Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2023; 5339:533-546. [PMID: 38221399 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5339.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent palm survey work in Costa Rica focusing on planthoppers has resulted in the discovery of several new taxa, primarily in Cixiidae and Derbidae. In addition to sampling palms directly, light trapping has been utilized to collect a broader range of planthoppers that may not be found on palms. During a light trapping event at the Cotinga Biological station on the Osa peninsula in Costa Rica, a cixiid was collected and subsequently determined to be an unidentified species in the genus Oecleus Stl. Herein, the novel taxon, Oecleus urru sp. n., is described. Supplemental molecular data for the barcoding region (5 half) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, 18S rRNA gene, and histone 3 (H3) gene is provided to support the placement of the novel taxon in the genus Oecleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Zumbado Echavarria
- Universidad of Costa Rica Sede San Ramn; Departmento de Ciencias Naturales; de la Iglesia el Tremedal 400 mts al Oeste carretera hacia San Pedro; San Ramn; Alajuela; Costa Rica.
| | - Edwin A Barrantes Barrantes
- Universidad of Costa Rica Sede San Ramn; Departmento de Ciencias Naturales; de la Iglesia el Tremedal 400 mts al Oeste carretera hacia San Pedro; San Ramn; Alajuela; Costa Rica.
| | - Charles R Bartlett
- University of Delaware; Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology; 250 Townsend Hall; Newark; DE 19716-2160; USA.
| | - Ericka E Helmick
- University of Florida; Department of Entomology and Nematology - Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center; 3205 College Ave.; Davie; FL 33314-7719; USA.
| | - Brian W Bahder
- University of Florida; Department of Entomology and Nematology - Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center; 3205 College Ave.; Davie; FL 33314-7719; USA.
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Ferreira JA, Ramos JA, Dutra DRCS, Di Lella B, Helmick EE, Queiroz SCN, Bahder BW. Identification of Green-Leaf Volatiles Released from Cabbage Palms ( Sabal palmetto) Infected with the Lethal Bronzing Phytoplasma. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112164. [PMID: 37299142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lethal bronzing (LB) is a fatal infection that affects over 20 species of palms (Arecaceae) and is caused by the phytoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aculeata'. This pathogen causes significant economic losses to landscape and nursery companies in Florida, USA. Recently, the vector was determined to be the planthopper Haplaxius crudus, which was more abundant on LB-infected palms. Herein, the volatile chemicals emitted from LB-infected palms were characterized using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). Infected Sabal palmetto were identified and confirmed as positive for LB via quantitative PCR. Healthy controls of each species were selected for comparison. All infected palms exhibited elevated levels of hexanal and E-2-hexenal. Threatened palms showed high releasing concentrations of 3-hexenal and Z-3-hexen-1-ol. The volatiles characterized herein are common green-leaf volatiles (GLVs) emitted by plants under stress. This study considers the first documented case of GLVs in palms attributed to phytoplasma infection. Due to the apparent attraction of LB-infected palms to the vector, one or several of the GLVs identified in this study could serve as a lure for the vector and supplement management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants, Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP 340, km 127.5, Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
| | - José A Ramos
- College of Computing and Engineering, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314-7719, USA
| | - Debora R C S Dutra
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants, Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP 340, km 127.5, Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
| | - Brandon Di Lella
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314-7719, USA
| | - Ericka E Helmick
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314-7719, USA
| | - Sonia C N Queiroz
- Laboratory of Residues and Contaminants, Embrapa Environment, Rodovia SP 340, km 127.5, Jaguariúna 13918-110, SP, Brazil
| | - Brian W Bahder
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Ave., Davie, FL 33314-7719, USA
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Mou DF, Di Lella B, Halbert SE, Bextine B, Helmick EE, Bahder BW. Acquisition and Transmission of the Lethal Bronzing Phytoplasma by Haplaxius crudus Using Infected Palm Spear Leaves and Artificial Feeding Media. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2052-2061. [PMID: 35439034 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-22-0079-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lethal bronzing (LB) is a fatal palm disease caused by the phytoplasma 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aculeata'. This disease causes significant economic losses in palm industries and landscapes. The American palm cixiid, Haplaxius crudus, recently was identified as the vector of the phytoplasma. However, knowledge about LB phytoplasma transmission is limited due to the lack of a method to generate phytoplasma-infected insects in the laboratory. In this study, the acquisition and transmission of the LB phytoplasma by H. crudus were investigated. Successful acquisitions of the phytoplasma by H. crudus were observed at 2 days acquisition access period on LB-infected palm spear leaves. Analyses revealed increased phytoplasma infection rates of H. crudus with longer acquisition access periods and latent periods. A significantly higher phytoplasma infection rate was shown after various acquisition access periods and latent periods than the infection rate of the field-collected H. crudus population. Transmission of the phytoplasma from LB-infected spear leaves to sucrose media by H. crudus also was observed using digital PCR assays. These results further support the vector status of H. crudus and offer valuable information to understand LB phytoplasma transmission. Additionally, these results generate a critical baseline for future LB phytoplasma-vector research by providing a way to generate vectors with high phytoplasma infection rates in the laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Fen Mou
- Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314-7719
| | - Brandon Di Lella
- Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314-7719
| | - Susan E Halbert
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Blake Bextine
- Department of Biology, University Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799
| | - Ericka E Helmick
- Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314-7719
| | - Brian W Bahder
- Department of Entomology and Nematology-Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314-7719
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