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Aidoo OF, Ablormeti FK, Ninsin KD, Antwi-Agyakwa AK, Osei-Owusu J, Heve WK, Dofuor AK, Soto YL, Edusei G, Osabutey AF, Sossah FL, Aryee CO, Alabi OJ, Sétamou M. First report on the presence of huanglongbing vectors (Diaphorina citri and Trioza erytreae) in Ghana. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11366. [PMID: 37443168 PMCID: PMC10344884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As significant threats to global citrus production, Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama; Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio; Hemiptera: Triozidae) have caused considerable losses to citrus trees globally. Diaphorina citri vectors "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" and "Ca. L. americanus", whereas T. erytreae transmits "Ca. L. africanus" and "Ca. L. asiaticus", the pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB). Though HLB is a destructive disease of citrus wherever it occurs, information on the occurrence and geographical distribution of its vectors in Africa is limited. In recent surveys to determine if HLB vectors are present in Ghana, we observed eggs, nymphs, and adults of insects suspected to be D. citri and T. erytreae. Using morphological traits and DNA analyses, the identity of the suspected insects was confirmed to be D. citri and T. erytreae. Individuals of D. citri and T. erytreae were examined using qPCR for CLaf, CLam, and CLas, but none of them tested positive for any of the Liberibacter species. Herein we report, for the first time, the presence of D. citri and T. erytreae in Ghana (West Africa). We discuss the implications of this new threat to the citrus industry to formulate appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusu F Aidoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana.
| | - Fred K Ablormeti
- Council for Scientific Industrial Research, Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P. O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana
| | - Kodwo D Ninsin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | | | - Jonathan Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | - William K Heve
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | - Aboagye K Dofuor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, PMB, Somanya, E/R, Ghana
| | - Yovanna L Soto
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, 78599, USA
| | - George Edusei
- Department of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | | | - Frederick L Sossah
- Council for Scientific Industrial Research, Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P. O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana
| | | | - Olufemi J Alabi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
| | - Mamoudou Sétamou
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, 78599, USA.
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Influence of daily temperature maximums on the development and short-distance movement of the Asian citrus psyllid. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Gäde G, Marco HG. The Adipokinetic Peptides of Hemiptera: Structure, Function, and Evolutionary Trends. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:891615. [PMID: 38468778 PMCID: PMC10926376 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.891615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The Hemiptera comprise the most species-rich order of the hemimetabolous insects. Members of a number of superfamilies, most notably especially the more basal ones such as white flies, psyllids and aphids, belong to the most destructive agricultural insects known worldwide. At the other end of the phylogenetic tree are hemipterans that are notorious medical pests (e.g. kissing bugs). Most of the hemipteran species are good flyers, and lipid oxidation plays a pivotal role to power the contraction of flight muscles and, in aquatic water bugs, also deliver the ATP for the extensive swimming action of the leg muscles. Mobilization of stored lipids (mostly triacylglycerols in the fat body) to circulating diacylglycerols in the hemolymph is regulated by a set of small neuropeptides, the adipokinetic hormones (AKHs). We searched the literature and publicly available databases of transcriptomes and genomes to present here AKH sequences from 191 hemipteran species. Only few of these peptides were sequenced via Edman degradation or mass spectrometry, and even fewer were characterized with molecular biology methods; thus, the majority of the AKHs we have identified by bioinformatics are merely predicted sequences at this stage. Nonetheless, a total of 42 AKH primary sequences are assigned to Hemiptera. About 50% of these structures occur also in other insect orders, while the remaining 50% are currently unique for Hemiptera. We find 9 novel AKHs not shown to be synthesized before in any insect. Most of the hemipteran AKHs are octapeptides (28) but there is an impressive number of decapeptides (12) compared to other speciose orders such as Diptera and Lepidoptera. We attempt to construct a hypothetical molecular peptide evolution of hemipteran AKHs and find quite a bit of overlapping with current phylogenetic ideas of the Hemiptera. Lastly, we discuss the possibility to use the sequence of the aphid AKH as lead peptide for the research into a peptide mimetic fulfilling criteria of a green insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Gäde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Antolínez CA, Martini X, Stelinski LL, Rivera MJ. Wind Speed and Direction Drive Assisted Dispersal of Asian Citrus Psyllid. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:305-312. [PMID: 34897406 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wind directly influences the spread of vector-borne plant pathogens by driving the passive dispersal of vectors to potentially new areas. Here, we evaluated the effect of wind speed and direction on the dispersal of the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), the vector of the bacteria causing huanglongbing (HLB), a lethal disease of citrus. The effect of different wind speeds on short or long-distance dispersal of ACP was investigated using a high-speed wind tunnel under laboratory conditions. The effect of wind direction on ACP dispersal under field conditions was evaluated using custom-made wind vane-style traps. In wind tunnel assays, ACP remained on plants until wind treatments reached ≥48 km/h when psyllids were mostly dislodged from plants and moved by the wind. For a short-distance, wind-driven movement (movement by the wind from one plant to another), the effect of wind speed was not significant at any of the wind speed treatments tested. Wind vane traps placed in a Florida citrus grove captured significantly more ACP on the windward side, suggesting that ACP were moved with the wind. The number of ACP found on the windward side of traps was significantly higher from May to August. These results indicate that ACP is likely to disperse with prevailing wind direction and that settled ACP may become dislodged and moved at random by high wind speeds occurring in areas of significant citrus production (southern California, Florida, or Texas).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Antolínez
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xavier Martini
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, USA
| | - Lukasz L Stelinski
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Monique J Rivera
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Alves KS, Rothmann LA, Del Ponte EM. Linking Climate Variables to Large-Scale Spatial Pattern and Risk of Citrus Huanglongbing: A Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling Approach. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:189-196. [PMID: 34340530 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-21-0219-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most important diseases affecting citriculture in the world. Knowledge of climatic factors linked to HLB risk at large spatial scales is limited. We gathered HLB presence and absence data from official surveys conducted in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, over 13 years. The total count of orange and mandarin orchards, and mean orchard area, normalized to a spatial grid of 60 cells (55 × 55 km), were derived from the same database. Monthly climate normals (1984 to 2013) of rainfall, mean temperature, and wind speed split into rainy (September to April) and dry (May to August) seasons (annual summary was retained) were obtained for each grid cell. Two hierarchical Bayesian modeling approaches were evaluated, both based on the integrated nested Laplace approximation method. The first, the climate covariates model (CC model), used orchard, climate, and the spatial effect as covariates. The second, principal components (PC model), used the first three components from a principal component analysis of all variables and the spatial effect as covariates. Both models showed an inverse relationship between posterior prevalence and grid cell mean temperature during the dry season. Annual wind speed, as well as annual and rainy season rainfall, contributed to HLB risk in the CC and PC models, respectively. A partial influence of neighboring regions on HLB risk was observed. The results should assist policymakers in defining regions at HLB risk and guide monitoring strategies to mitigate further spread of HLB in the state of Minas Gerais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaique S Alves
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Lisa A Rothmann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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