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Knoll A, Langová L, Přidal A, Urban T. Haplotype Diversity in mtDNA of Honeybee in the Czech Republic Confirms Complete Replacement of Autochthonous Population with the C Lineage. INSECTS 2024; 15:495. [PMID: 39057228 PMCID: PMC11276638 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity in the Czech population of Apis mellifera using mitochondrial DNA markers, tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region and cox1 gene. A total of 308 samples of bees were collected from the entire Czech Republic (from colonies and flowers in 13 different regions). Following sequencing, several polymorphisms and haplotypes were identified. Analysis of tRNAleu-cox2 sequences revealed three DraI haplotypes (C, A1, and A4). The tRNAleu-cox2 region yielded 10 C lineage haplotypes, one of which is a newly described variant. Three A lineage haplotypes were identified, two of which were novel. A similar analysis of cox1 sequences yielded 16 distinct haplotypes (7 new) within the population. The most prevalent tRNAleu-cox2 haplotype identified was C1a, followed by C2a, C2c, C2l, and C2d. For the cox1 locus, the most frequent haplotypes were HpB02, HpB01, HpB03, and HpB04. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices were high in both loci, in tRNAleu-cox2 with values of 0.682 and 0.00172, respectively, and in cox1 0.789 and 0.00203, respectively. The Tajima's D values were negative and lower in tRNAleu-cox2 than in cox1. The most frequent haplotypes were uniformly distributed across all regions of the Czech Republic. No haplotype of the indigenous M lineage was identified. High diversity and the occurrence of rare haplotypes indicate population expansion and continuous import of tribal material of the C lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Knoll
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Langová
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Přidal
- Department of Zoology, Fishery, Hydrobiology and Apidology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Urban
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kaur H, Nedić N, Tofilski A. Influence of honey bee ( Apis mellifera) breeding on wing venation in Serbia and neighbouring countries. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17247. [PMID: 38685938 PMCID: PMC11057427 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the productivity of honey bees (Apis mellifera), some of their traits are selected by breeding. On one hand, breeding is mainly based on the natural geographical variation of this species; on the other hand, mass production and distribution of artificially selected queens can significantly affect the natural geographic variation of honey bees. In this study, we have compared honey bee wings originating from breeding and non-breeding populations in Serbia. In the comparison, we have also used data from a large area of south-eastern Europe. The wings were measured using the 19 landmarks indicated on the wing images. The coordinates were analysed using the methodology of geometric morphometrics. We found that honey bees obtained from honey bee queen breeder differed in wing venation from surrounding populations, which are under natural selection. Therefore, we argue against including populations under artificial selection in the analysis of the natural geographical variation of honey bees. In our analysis of non-breeding samples, we found that in south-eastern Europe there is continuous variation in wing venation and no clear boundaries between A. m. carnica, A. m. cecropia, and A. m. macedonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Kaur
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Nebojša Nedić
- Institute for Zootechnics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Adam Tofilski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Kaskinova MD, Gaifullina LR, Saltykova ES. Haplotypes of the tRNAleu-COII mtDNA Region in Russian Apis mellifera Populations. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2394. [PMID: 37508171 PMCID: PMC10376158 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the mtDNA tRNAleu-COII locus is a widely used tool to establish belonging to a particular evolutionary lineage of Apis mellifera L. (lineages A, M, C, O, and Y). In Russia, most of the area was once inhabited by Apis mellifera mellifera from the M evolutionary lineage, but the introduction of bee subspecies from the southern regions of Russia (A. m. caucasica, A. m. carnica) and from abroad (A. m. carnica, A. m. ligustica) led to fragmentation of their native range. In this study, the results of assessing the haplotype number for the tRNAleu-COII locus of mtDNA in Russian Apis mellifera populations were presented. We analyzed 269 colonies from 19 regions of Russia. As a result, two evolutionary lineages were identified: the East European lineage C (26.4%) and the Northwestern European lineage M (73.6%). A total of 29 haplotypes were identified, 8 of them were already reported, and 21 were found to be novel. From the C lineage, haplotypes C1, C2, C2c, C2j, and C3 were predominant. All M lineage samples from Russia belong to the M17 and M4' haplogroups but have only minor variations in the form of nucleotide substitutions. An analysis of publications devoted to the tRNAleu-COII locus haplotypes, as well as an analysis of the available tRNAleu-COII sequences in GenBank, showed that there is still a problem with the haplotype nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milyausha D Kaskinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Luisa R Gaifullina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Elena S Saltykova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Oktyabrya 71, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Patenković A, Tanasković M, Erić P, Erić K, Mihajlović M, Stanisavljević L, Davidović S. Urban ecosystem drives genetic diversity in feral honey bee. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17692. [PMID: 36271012 PMCID: PMC9587283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization can change biodiversity in both directions, positive and negative, and despite the rising global trend of urban beekeeping, little is known about the impact of urbanization on the genetic diversity of honey bees. We investigate how urbanization affects the genetic variability of feral and managed honey bee colonies that are spread throughout the entire city, even in highly urban areas, through genetic analysis of 82 worker bees. We found convincing evidence of high genetic differentiation between these two groups. Additionally, by comparing city samples with 241 samples from 46 apiaries in rural parts of the country, variations in mitochondrial tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region and microsatellite loci indicated that feral colonies have distinct patterns of genetic diversity. These results, with evidence that feral honey bees find niches within highly modified and human-dominated urban landscapes, lead us to conclude that urbanization is a driver of the genetic diversity of feral honey bees in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Patenković
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Tanasković
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Erić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Erić
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Mihajlović
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Center for Forensic and Applied Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljubiša Stanisavljević
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Center for Bee Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Davidović
- grid.7149.b0000 0001 2166 9385Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Honrado M, Lopes AR, Alice Pinto M, Amaral JS. A novel real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting analysis as a simple and fast tool for the entomological authentication of honey by targeting Apis mellifera mitochondrial DNA. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Panziera D, Requier F, Chantawannakul P, Pirk CWW, Blacquière T. The Diversity Decline in Wild and Managed Honey Bee Populations Urges for an Integrated Conservation Approach. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.767950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many parts of the globe experience severe losses and fragmentation of habitats, affecting the self-sustainability of pollinator populations. A number of bee species coexist as wild and managed populations. Using honey bees as an example, we argue that several management practices in beekeeping threaten genetic diversity in both wild and managed populations, and drive population decline. Large-scale movement of hive stocks, introductions into new areas, breeding programs and trading of queens contribute to reducing genetic diversity, as recent research demonstrated for wild and managed honey bees within a few decades. Examples of the effects of domestication in other organisms show losses of both genetic diversity and fitness functions. Cases of natural selection and feralization resulted in maintenance of a higher genetic diversity, including in a Varroa destructor surviving population of honey bees. To protect the genetic diversity of honey bee populations, exchange between regions should be avoided. The proposed solution to selectively breed all local subspecies for a use in beekeeping would reduce the genetic diversity of each, and not address the value of the genetic diversity present in hybridized populations. The protection of Apis mellifera’s, Apis cerana’s and Apis koschevnikovi’s genetic diversities could be based on natural selection. In beekeeping, it implies to not selectively breed but to leave the choice of the next generation of queens to the colonies, as in nature. Wild populations surrounded by beekeeping activity could be preserved by allowing Darwinian beekeeping in a buffer zone between the wild and regular beekeeping area.
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Tanasković M, Erić P, Patenković A, Erić K, Mihajlović M, Tanasić V, Kusza S, Oleksa A, Stanisavljević L, Davidović S. Further Evidence of Population Admixture in the Serbian Honey Bee Population. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020180. [PMID: 35206752 PMCID: PMC8879341 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The western honey bee is one of the most ecologically and economically important pollinator species. Due to human interference, it faces serious challenges, not only in number decline and habitat loss, but also in natural subspecies diversity and distribution. The conservation of genetic diversity and perseverance of locally adapted populations and subspecies becomes a crucial task in the face of rapid environmental changes. In order to further assess present genetic variability in Serbian honey bee populations, we analyzed 14 microsatellite loci and then compared nine of them with previously published data. Our results suggest that Serbia now harbors a distinct, relatively homogenous honey bee population, although some local differences are still preserved. Abstract Socioeconomic interests and beekeeper preferences have often taken precedence over the conservation of locally native honey bee subspecies, leading to the predominance of admixture populations in human-dominated areas. To assess the genetic diversity of contemporary managed Serbian honey bee colonies, we used 14 microsatellite loci and analyzed 237 worker bees from 46 apiaries in eight localities of northern and southern Serbia. Furthermore, we compared data for nine microsatellite loci with 338 individuals from Italy, Hungary, Poland, and Spain. The standard parameters of genetic diversity in Serbian honey bee populations were in line with other analyses, although somewhat smaller. STRUCTURE analysis showed the existence of two equally distributed genetic clusters and Analysis of molecular variances could not confirm the presence of a geographically discrete population but showed local differences. Discriminant analysis of principal components showed overlapping of worker bees from different parts of Serbia. Clear genetic differentiation can be observed when comparing all populations between geographical regions and their corresponding subspecies. The absence of the A. m. macedonica subspecies from its historical distribution range in southern Serbia as well as the lack of distinctive geographical groups suggest that selective breeding, queen import, and migratory beekeeping practices strongly influence the genetic structure and diversity of honey bees, leading to the genetic uniformization and creation of the admixture population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Tanasković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.E.); (A.P.); (K.E.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pavle Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.E.); (A.P.); (K.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Patenković
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.E.); (A.P.); (K.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Katarina Erić
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.E.); (A.P.); (K.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Milica Mihajlović
- Center for Forensic and Applied Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Vanja Tanasić
- Center for Forensic and Applied Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Szilvia Kusza
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Andrzej Oleksa
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 10, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | | | - Slobodan Davidović
- Department of Genetics of Populations and Ecogenotoxicology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (P.E.); (A.P.); (K.E.); (S.D.)
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