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Zhang M, Li L, Zhang X. Identification of chemosensory genes and antennal sensilla in Nassophasis sp. (Coleoptera: Rhynchophorinae). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101283. [PMID: 38972180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Phytophagous insects rely on plant volatiles to select and locate hosts for feeding or reproduction and their olfactory system is essential for detecting plant volatiles. The stem-boring pest, Nassophasis sp. damages Dendrobium and causes economic losses. Currently, there are no effective methods for its control. However, understanding the morphological and molecular basis of its olfactory system may identify new pathways for their management and control. In this study, we observed the stemborer's antennal sensilla using scanning electron microscopy, and transcriptome sequencing was undertaken to annotate and analyze its chemosensory genes. Results showed that the antennal morphology is similar between males and females, with five types of antennal sensilla observed: sensilla chaetica (SC), sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla brush (SB), sensilla basiconica (SBA) and sensilla gemmiformium (SG). Sexual dimorphism was not observed in sensilla type, but in the length of SBA and SG. A total of 70 olfactory-related genes were annotated, including 16 odorant binding proteins (OBP), 5 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 26 olfactory receptors (ORs), 9 gustatory receptors (GRs), 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Most genes were highly expressed and 14 of these genes were only expressed in the head, and 7 genes in the abdomen. This study provides a theoretical basis for the olfactory perception of Nassophasis sp. and a scientific basis for developing new pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ximin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountain Area of Southwest of China, School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Peng QY, Xie MH, Pan XK, Li Y, Gao L, Xu F, Wu CX, Yang MF. Morphology and distribution of sensilla on antennae and mouthparts of the adult bruchid beetles, Bruchidius coreanus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:922-932. [PMID: 38173320 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bruchidius coreanus is a serious pest on Gleditsia sinensis Lam during seed storage, causing significant losses to their yield in southwest China. To gain insight into their behavioral mechanisms, the external morphology, ultrastructure, and distribution of sensilla on antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of both male and female B. coreanus were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that both male and female adults had serrated antennae comprising a scape, a pedicel, and nine flagellomeres (F1-F9). There were eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla observed in both sexes, including Böhm sensilla (BS), two subtypes of sensilla chaetica (SC1 and SC2), two subtypes of sensilla trichodea (ST1 and ST2), three subtypes of sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2, and SB3), sensilla auricillica (SA), sensilla styloconicum (SS), capitate pegs (CP), and sensilla cavity (SCa). The average length of BS and ST (ST1 and ST2) showed significant differences between males and females. Furthermore, the number of SC (SC1 and SC2), ST1, and SCa differed significantly between the sexes. Four types of sensilla were found on the maxillary palps and labial palps, with the length of ST on these palps significantly differing between males and females. Additionally, SS on male labial palps was significantly longer than in females. The number of SC significantly differed between the male and female maxillary palps and labial palps, while ST and SS showed significant differences in the maxillary palps. These findings will contribute to further electrophysiological recording and behavioral research. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The external morphology and distribution of various sensilla on the antennae, maxillary palps, and labial palps of Bruchidius coreanus were described. Eight types and seven subtypes of antenna sensilla were observed on the antennae, while four types of sensilla were observed on the maxillary palps and labial palps. The capitate pegs were found exclusively on the antennae of female B. coreanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yan Peng
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming-Hui Xie
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiu-Kui Pan
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - You Li
- Vector-Borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Key Laboratory of National Forest, Grassland Administration on Ecological Landscaping of Challenging Urban Sites, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangling Xu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng-Xu Wu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agriculture, Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Yan J, Luo P, Wu Y, Peng G, Liu Y, Song C, Lu W, Liu H, Dong Z. Morphological and genetic differences in legs of a polygamous beetle between sexes, Glenea cantor (Coleopter: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297365. [PMID: 38329988 PMCID: PMC10852293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The legs of insects play an important role in their daily behaviour, especially reproduction. Entomologists have performed much research on the role of the leg in different behaviours of beetles, an important group in the insect family, but relatively little has been done to study the ultrastructure and transcriptome of their legs. Hence, we systematically studied the ultrastructure and gene expression of the leg of G. cantor, a polygynous beetle, and compared its male and female diversity. In this study, we found the fore-leg, mid-leg and hind-leg of the female were significantly longer than those of the male. From the perspective of intuitive structural differences, we also compared the ultrastructures of the adhesion structure (tarsal) of males and females. The tarsal functional structure of the adult leg mainly includes sensilla and an adhesion structure. The sensilla on the tarsal joint mainly include sensilla chaetica (SCh II, SCh III) and sensilla trichodea (ST II). The adhesion structure includes disc-shaped bristles (di), lanceolate bristles (la), serrated bristles (se), spatula-shaped bristles (spl) and mushroom-shaped bristles (mus). Although there was no significant difference in sensillum distribution or type between males and females, there were significant differences in the distribution and species of adhesion structures between the fore-leg, mid-leg, and hind-leg of the same sex and between males and females. Therefore, different adhesion structures play different roles in various behaviours of beetles. On the other hand, the transcriptome results of male and female legs were screened for a subset of olfaction- and mechanics-related genes. We discovered that the male leg showed upregulation of 1 odorant binding protein (OBP), 2 Olfactory receptors (ORs) and 2 Chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Meanwhile, the female leg showed upregulation of 3 OBPs, 1 OR, 1 Gustatory receptor (GR) and 3 Mechanosensitive proteins (MSPs). An in-depth examination of the ultrastructure and molecular composition of the legs can elucidate its function in the reproductive behavior of G. cantor. Moremore, this investigation will serve as a cornerstone for subsequent research into the underlying behavioral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Guandi Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Department of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Yini Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zishu Dong
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Cui Y, Zhang M, Zhu H, Yang P, Yang B, Li Z. Fine Structure of the Mouthparts of Three Tomicus Beetles Co-Infecting Pinus yunnanensis in Southwestern China with Some Functional Comments. INSECTS 2023; 14:933. [PMID: 38132606 PMCID: PMC10743386 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tomicus yunnanensis, T. brevipilosus, and T. minor are the most economically significant pests of Pinus yunnanensis in Southwestern China. Chemical and physical factors play critical roles in diverse biological activities. Here, we describe the fine structure of the adult mouthparts of these three Tomicus species using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We identified three types of mandibular shapes, which determine their biomechanical properties, their ability to process food, and their preferred foraging locations on tree trunks. Eleven types of sensilla were discernible, including sensilla basiconica (Sb.1-2), sensilla twig basiconica (Stb.1-3), sensilla coeloconica (Sco), sensilla chaetica (Sch.1-2), sensilla trichoidea (Str.1-2), and sensilla digitiformia (Sdi). Each basiconic sensillum occurs on the palpal tips and is innervated by 2-6 dendrites. Sb.1 are gustatory receptors, Sb.2 are olfactory receptors, and the three other sensilla have dual taste and mechanical functions. Sco, Sch, and Str are mechanoreceptors. Sdi are mechanical vibration receptions, given that they are innervated by one dendrite with numerous dendritic branches into the nonporous cuticle. No significant differences among the sexes or species were identified; however, intraspecific variability in the number of Stb.3 and Sdi sensilla was evident. These results will aid future studies of Tomicus beetle behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Mengdie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Haidi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (B.Y.)
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zongbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; (Y.C.); (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (B.Y.)
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Zhu W, Yang L, Long J, Chang Z, Mu Y, Zhou Z, Chen X. Morphology of the Antennal Sensilla of the Nymphal Instars and Adults in Notobitus meleagris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:351. [PMID: 37103166 PMCID: PMC10143563 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The bamboo bug Notobitus meleagris (Fabricius, 1787) is a serious pest of bamboo shoots in China, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Singapore. The antennae of the nymphal instars and adults of N.meleagris are involved in communication among individuals and finding the host plants. In order to understand the morphology of antennal sensilla, their types, and the distribution of sensilla on the antennae of nymphal instars and adults in N. meleagris, we studied the morphology of antennal sensilla with a scanning electron microscope. The antennae of the nymphs and adults comprised the scape, pedicel, and two flagellomeres. Four types and eight subtypes of sensilla were identified in the nymphal instars (sensilla trichodea [St].1, St.2, St.3, sensilla basiconica [Sb].1, Sb.2, sensilla chaetica [Sc].1, Sc.2, sensilla coeloconica [Sco].1), whereas those of the adults had five types and eleven subtypes of sensilla (St.1, St.2, St.3, Sb.1, Sb.2, Sb.3, Sc.1, Sc.2, Sco.1, Sco.2, and sensilla campaniformia [Sca]). There are significant differences in the number, type, and size of the sensilla in different nymphal instars, which increases with the increase in nymphal instars. There was no sexual dimorphism observed in the adult sensilla; however, the length and diameter of St.3, Sb.2, and Sb.3 were sexually dimorphic. The potential functions of each sensillum were discussed based on the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla and were compared with similar published studies. Our results provide primary data for further research on the behavioral mechanism, green prevention, and control of N. meleagris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiankun Long
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhimin Chang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yinlin Mu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangsheng Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Regions, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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