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Liu H, Yin J, Huang X, Zang C, Zhang Y, Cao J, Gong M. Mosquito Gut Microbiota: A Review. Pathogens 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 39204291 PMCID: PMC11357333 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors of many important human diseases. The prolonged and widespread use of insecticides has led to the development of mosquito resistance to these insecticides. The gut microbiota is considered the master of host development and physiology; it influences mosquito biology, disease pathogen transmission, and resistance to insecticides. Understanding the role and mechanisms of mosquito gut microbiota in mosquito insecticide resistance is useful for developing new strategies for tackling mosquito insecticide resistance. We searched online databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, SciELO, Web of Science, and the Chinese Science Citation Database. We searched all terms, including microbiota and mosquitoes, or any specific genera or species of mosquitoes. We reviewed the relationships between microbiota and mosquito growth, development, survival, reproduction, and disease pathogen transmission, as well as the interactions between microbiota and mosquito insecticide resistance. Overall, 429 studies were included in this review after filtering 8139 search results. Mosquito gut microbiota show a complex community structure with rich species diversity, dynamic changes in the species composition over time (season) and across space (environmental setting), and variation among mosquito species and mosquito developmental stages (larval vs. adult). The community composition of the microbiota plays profound roles in mosquito development, survival, and reproduction. There was a reciprocal interaction between the mosquito midgut microbiota and virus infection in mosquitoes. Wolbachia, Asaia, and Serratia are the three most studied bacteria that influence disease pathogen transmission. The insecticide resistance or exposure led to the enrichment or reduction in certain microorganisms in the resistant mosquitoes while enhancing the abundance of other microorganisms in insect-susceptible mosquitoes, and they involved many different species/genera/families of microorganisms. Conversely, microbiota can promote insecticide resistance in their hosts by isolating and degrading insecticidal compounds or altering the expression of host genes and metabolic detoxification enzymes. Currently, knowledge is scarce about the community structure of mosquito gut microbiota and its functionality in relation to mosquito pathogen transmission and insecticide resistance. The new multi-omics techniques should be adopted to find the links among environment, mosquito, and host and bring mosquito microbiota studies to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China;
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China;
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chuanhui Zang
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China;
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Maoqing Gong
- Digestive Disease Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining 272000, China; (X.H.); (C.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Fu Y, Fang X, Xiao Y, Mao B, Xu Z, Shen M, Wang X. Two chromosome-level genomes of Smittia aterrima and Smittia pratorum (Diptera, Chironomidae). Sci Data 2024; 11:165. [PMID: 38310146 PMCID: PMC10838273 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chironomids are one of the most abundant aquatic insects and are widely distributed in various biological communities. However, the lack of high-quality genomes has hindered our ability to study the evolution and ecology of this group. Here, we used Nanopore long reads and Hi-C data to produce two chromosome-level genomes from mixed genomic data. The genomes of Smittia aterrima (SateA) and Smittia pratorum (SateB) were assembled into three chromosomes, with sizes of 78.45 Mb and 71.56 Mb, scaffold N50 lengths of 25.73 and 23.53 Mb, and BUSCO completeness of 98.5% and 97.8% (n = 1,367), 5.68 Mb (7.24%) and 1.94 Mb (2.72%) of repetitive elements, and predicted 12,330 (97.70% BUSCO completeness) and 11,250 (97.40%) protein-coding genes, respectively. These high-quality genomes will serve as valuable resources for comprehending the evolution and environmental adaptation of chironomids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang City, Hubei, 438000, China.
| | - Xiangliang Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang City, Hubei, 438000, China
| | - Yunli Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang City, Hubei, 438000, China
| | - Bin Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang City, Hubei, 438000, China
| | - Zigang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang City, Hubei, 438000, China
| | - Mi Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Zhongke Research Institute of Industrial Technology, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang City, Hubei, 438000, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Barathi S, Sabapathi N, Kandasamy S, Lee J. Present status of insecticide impacts and eco-friendly approaches for remediation-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117432. [PMID: 37865327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are indispensable for modern agriculture to ensuring crop protection and optimal yields. However, their excessive use raises concerns regarding their adverse effects on agriculture and the environment. This study examines the impacts of insecticides on agriculture and proposes remediation strategies. Excessive insecticide application can lead to the development of resistance in target insects, necessitating higher concentrations or stronger chemicals, resulting in increased production costs and disruption of natural pest control mechanisms. In addition, non-target organisms, such as beneficial insects and aquatic life, suffer from the unintended consequences of insecticide use, leading to ecosystem imbalances and potential food chain contamination. To address these issues, integrated pest management (IPM) techniques that combine judicious insecticide use with biological control and cultural practices can reduce reliance on chemicals. Developing and implementing selective insecticides with reduced environmental persistence is crucial. Promoting farmer awareness of responsible insecticide use, offering training and resources, and adopting precision farming technologies can minimize overall insecticide usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Barathi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nadana Sabapathi
- Centre of Translational Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangming, 518107, China
| | - Sabariswaran Kandasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, 641004, India
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang Y, Zhang QJ, Xu WB, Zou W, Xiang XL, Gong ZJ, Cai YJ. The Multifaceted Effects of Short-Term Acute Hypoxia Stress: Insights into the Tolerance Mechanism of Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:800. [PMID: 37887812 PMCID: PMC10607839 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of freshwater species, especially macroinvertebrates that are essential to the provision of numerous ecosystem functions, encounter higher mortality due to acute hypoxia. However, within the family Chironomidae, a wide range of tolerance to hypoxia/anoxia is displayed. Propsilocerus akamusi depends on this great tolerance to become a dominant species in eutrophic lakes. To further understand how P. akamusi responds to acute hypoxic stress, we used multi-omics analysis in combination with histomorphological characteristics and physiological indicators. Thus, we set up two groups-a control group (DO 8.4 mg/L) and a hypoxic group (DO 0.39 mg/L)-to evaluate enzyme activity and the transcriptome, metabolome, and histomorphological characteristics. With blue-black chromatin, cell tightness, cell membrane invagination, and the production of apoptotic vesicles, tissue cells displayed typical apoptotic features in the hypoxic group. Although lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), catalase (CAT), and Na+/K+ -ATPase (NKA) activities were dramatically enhanced under hypoxic stress, glycogen content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly reduced compared to the control group. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome, which further demonstrated, in addition to carbohydrates, including glycogen, the involvement of energy metabolism pathways, including fatty acid, protein, trehalose, and glyoxylate cycles, provided additional support for the aforementioned findings. Lactate is the end product of glycogen degradation, and HIF-1 plays an important role in promoting glycogenolysis in acute hypoxic conditions. However, we discovered that the ethanol tested under hypoxic stress likely originates from the symbiodinium of P. akamusi. These results imply that some parameters related to energy metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histomorphological features may be used as biomarkers of eutrophic lakes in Chironomus riparius larvae. The study also provides a scientific reference for assessing toxicity and favoring policies to reduce their impact on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qing-Ji Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Wen-Bin Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
| | - Xian-Ling Xiang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China;
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yong-Jiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (Z.-J.G.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Wuhu 241002, China
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Sun Z, Liu Y, Hou A, Han A, Yan C, Sun J. Transcriptome and gut microbiota analyses reveal a possible mechanism underlying rifampin-mediated interruption of the larval development of chironomid Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115467. [PMID: 37716071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Chironomids, the most abundant insect group found in freshwater habitats, are known to be pollution tolerate and serve as important bioindicators of contaminant stress. Gut microbiota has recently been shown to potentially provide a number of beneficial services to insect hosts. However, the antibiotic-mediated interruption of chironomid gut microbial community and its subsequent influence on host body are still unclear. In the present study, the effects of rifampin on chironomid larvae were investigated at both transcriptome and microbiome level to assess the relationship between gut bacteria and associated genes. Our data indicated that the rifampin-induced imbalance of gut ecosystem could inhibit the development of chironomid larvae via decreasing the body weight, body length and larval eclosion rate during 96-h treatment. Both the community structure and taxonomic composition were significantly altered due to the invasion of rifampin in digestive tracts. The relative abundance of phylum Deferribacterota and Bacteroidota were dramatically increased with rifampin exposure. A set of genes involved in amino acid synthesis as well as xenobiotic metabolism pathways were greatly changed and proved to have tight correlation with certain genus. Bacterial genus Tyzzerella was positively correlated with detoxifying PaCYP6GF1 and PaCYP9HL1 genes. This study provides a reference for understanding the environmental risks of antibiotic and aims to accelerate new biological insights into the effects of antibiotic on the fitness of chironomids and into the microbe mediated-regulatory mechanism of aquatic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aoran Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anqi Han
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuncai Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
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Yang F, Li Y, Gao M, Xia Q, Wang Q, Tang M, Zhou X, Guo H, Xiao Q, Sun L. Comparative expression profiles of carboxylesterase orthologous CXE14 in two closely related tea geometrid species, Ectropis obliqua Prout and Ectropis grisescens Warren. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1194997. [PMID: 37293262 PMCID: PMC10244532 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1194997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect carboxylesterases (CXEs) can be expressed in multiple tissues and play crucial roles in detoxifying xenobiotic insecticides and degrading olfactory cues. Therefore, they have been considered as an important target for development of eco-friendly insect pest management strategies. Despite extensive investigation in most insect species, limited information on CXEs in sibling moth species is currently available. The Ectropis obliqua Prout and Ectropis grisescens Warren are two closely related tea geometrid species, which share the same host of tea plant but differ in geographical distribution, sex pheromone composition, and symbiotic bacteria abundance, providing an excellent mode species for studies of functional diversity of orthologous CXEs. In this study, we focused on EoblCXE14 due to its previously reported non-chemosensory organs-biased expression. First, the EoblCXE14 orthologous gene EgriCXE14 was cloned and sequence characteristics analysis showed that they share a conserved motif and phylogenetic relationship. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then used to compare the expression profiles between two Ectropis spp. The results showed that EoblCXE14 was predominately expressed in E. obliqua larvae, whereas EgriCXE14 was abundant in E. grisescens at multiple developmental stages. Interestingly, both orthologous CXEs were highly expressed in larval midgut, but the expression level of EoblCXE14 in E. obliqua midgut was significantly higher than that of EgriCXE14 in E. grisescens midgut. In addition, the potential effect of symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia on the CXE14 was examined. This study is the first to provide comparative expression profiles of orthologous CXE genes in two sibling geometrid moth species and the results will help further elucidate CXEs functions and identify a potential target for tea geometrid pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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