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Knoll A, Langová L, Přidal A, Urban T. Haplotype Diversity in mtDNA of Honeybee in the Czech Republic Confirms Complete Replacement of Autochthonous Population with the C Lineage. INSECTS 2024; 15:495. [PMID: 39057228 PMCID: PMC11276638 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity in the Czech population of Apis mellifera using mitochondrial DNA markers, tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic region and cox1 gene. A total of 308 samples of bees were collected from the entire Czech Republic (from colonies and flowers in 13 different regions). Following sequencing, several polymorphisms and haplotypes were identified. Analysis of tRNAleu-cox2 sequences revealed three DraI haplotypes (C, A1, and A4). The tRNAleu-cox2 region yielded 10 C lineage haplotypes, one of which is a newly described variant. Three A lineage haplotypes were identified, two of which were novel. A similar analysis of cox1 sequences yielded 16 distinct haplotypes (7 new) within the population. The most prevalent tRNAleu-cox2 haplotype identified was C1a, followed by C2a, C2c, C2l, and C2d. For the cox1 locus, the most frequent haplotypes were HpB02, HpB01, HpB03, and HpB04. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices were high in both loci, in tRNAleu-cox2 with values of 0.682 and 0.00172, respectively, and in cox1 0.789 and 0.00203, respectively. The Tajima's D values were negative and lower in tRNAleu-cox2 than in cox1. The most frequent haplotypes were uniformly distributed across all regions of the Czech Republic. No haplotype of the indigenous M lineage was identified. High diversity and the occurrence of rare haplotypes indicate population expansion and continuous import of tribal material of the C lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Knoll
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Langová
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Přidal
- Department of Zoology, Fishery, Hydrobiology and Apidology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Urban
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Ma C, Hu R, Costa C, Li J. Genetic Drift and Purifying Selection Shaped Mitochondrial Genome Variation in the High Royal Jelly-Producing Honeybee Strain (Apis mellifera ligustica). Front Genet 2022; 13:835967. [PMID: 35222549 PMCID: PMC8864236 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.835967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are involved in cellular energy metabolism and have been shown to undergo adaptive evolution in organisms with increased energy-consuming activities. The genetically selected high royal jelly-producing bees (RJBs, Apis mellifera ligustica) in China can produce 10 times more royal jelly, a highly nutritional and functional food, relative to unselected Italian bees (ITBs). To test for potential adaptive evolution of RJB mitochondrial genes, we sequenced mitogenomes from 100 RJBs and 30 ITBs. Haplotype network and phylogenetic analysis indicate that RJBs and ITBs are not reciprocally monophyletic but mainly divided into the RJB- and ITB-dominant sublineages. The RJB-dominant sublineage proportion is 6-fold higher in RJBs (84/100) than in ITBs (4/30), which is mainly attributable to genetic drift rather than positive selection. The RJB-dominant sublineage exhibits a low genetic diversity due to purifying selection. Moreover, mitogenome abundance is not significantly different between RJBs and ITBs, thereby rejecting the association between mitogenome copy number and royal jelly-producing performance. Our findings demonstrate low genetic diversity levels of RJB mitogenomes and reveal genetic drift and purifying selection as potential forces driving RJB mitogenome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Ma
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyang Hu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cecilia Costa
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jianke Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianke Li,
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Frunze O, Brandorf A, Kang EJ, Choi YS. Beekeeping Genetic Resources and Retrieval of Honey Bee Apis mellifera L. Stock in the Russian Federation: A Review. INSECTS 2021; 12:684. [PMID: 34442250 PMCID: PMC8396492 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The loss of honey bees has drawn a large amount of attention in various countries. Therefore, the development of efficient methods for recovering honey bee populations has been a priority for beekeepers. Here we present an extended literature review and report on personal communications relating to the characterization of the local and bred stock of honey bees in the Russian Federation. New types have been bred from local colonies (A. mellifera L., A. m. carpatica Avet., A. m. caucasia Gorb.). The main selection traits consist of a strong ability for overwintering, disease resistance and different aptitudes for nectar collection in low and high blooming seasons. These honey bees were certified by several methods: behavioral, morphometric and genetic analysis. We illustrate the practical experience of scientists, beekeepers and breeders in breeding A. mellifera Far East honey bees with Varroa and tracheal mite resistance, which were the initial reasons for breeding the A. mellifera Far Eastern breed by Russian breeders, Russian honey bee in America, the hybrid honey bee in Canada by American breeders, and in China by Chinese beekeepers. The recent achievements of Russian beekeepers may lead to the recovery of beekeeping areas suffering from crossbreeding and losses of honey bee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Frunze
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (O.F.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Anna Brandorf
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Beekeeping Research Center”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, 391110 Rybnoye, Russia;
| | - Eun-Jin Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (O.F.); (E.-J.K.)
| | - Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (O.F.); (E.-J.K.)
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Ilyasov RA, Han GY, Lee ML, Kim KW, Park JH, Takahashi JI, Kwon HW, Nikolenko AG. Phylogenetic Relationships among Honey Bee Subspecies Apis mellifera caucasia and Apis mellifera
carpathica Based on the Sequences of the Mitochondrial Genome. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421060041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tofilski A, Căuia E, Siceanu A, Vișan GO, Căuia D. Historical Changes in Honey Bee Wing Venation in Romania. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060542. [PMID: 34200932 PMCID: PMC8230453 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Honey bees, in addition to producing honey, are important pollinators of wild and cultivated plants. Unfortunately, in some places, the population of honey bees is declining. One of the factors that affect their survival is adaptation to the local environment. Bees native to a particular area survive better than those imported. Despite this fact, some beekeepers import non-native bees and use them in their apiaries. Imported bees produce hybrids with bees from surrounding colonies because beekeepers do not control their mating. In consequence, the whole population can change. In this study, we verified how the population of Romanian bees has changed over the last four decades. We found significant temporal changes in wing venation. Despite these changes, the two major subpopulations of bees separated by mountains remain distinct. We provide a tool for the easy identification of native bees from Romania, which can help to protect them. Abstract The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an ecologically and economically important species that provides pollination services to natural and agricultural systems. The biodiversity of the honey bee is being endangered by the mass import of non-native queens. In many locations, it is not clear how the local populations have been affected by hybridisation between native and non-native bees. There is especially little information about temporal changes in hybridisation. In Romania, A. m. carpatica naturally occurs, and earlier studies show that there are two subpopulations separated by the Carpathian Mountains. In this study, we investigated how the arrangement of veins in bees’ wings (venation) has changed in Romanian honey bees in the last four decades. We found that in the contemporary population of Romanian bees, there are still clear differences between the intra- and extra-Carpathian subpopulations, which indicates that natural variation among honey bees is still being preserved. We also found significant differences between bees collected before and after 2000. The observed temporal changes in wing venation are most likely caused by hybridisation between native bees and non-native bees sporadically introduced by beekeepers. In order to facilitate conservation and the monitoring of native Romanian bees, we developed a method facilitating their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tofilski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Eliza Căuia
- Honeybee Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Institute for Beekeeping Research and Development, Blv Ficusului, No. 42, Sector 1, 013975 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (A.S.); (G.O.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Adrian Siceanu
- Honeybee Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Institute for Beekeeping Research and Development, Blv Ficusului, No. 42, Sector 1, 013975 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (A.S.); (G.O.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Gabriela Oana Vișan
- Honeybee Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Institute for Beekeeping Research and Development, Blv Ficusului, No. 42, Sector 1, 013975 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (A.S.); (G.O.V.); (D.C.)
| | - Dumitru Căuia
- Honeybee Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Institute for Beekeeping Research and Development, Blv Ficusului, No. 42, Sector 1, 013975 Bucharest, Romania; (E.C.); (A.S.); (G.O.V.); (D.C.)
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Non-Destructive Genotyping of Honeybee Queens to Support Selection and Breeding. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120896. [PMID: 33371316 PMCID: PMC7767382 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In traditional bee breeding, the honeybee queen is chosen for breeding based on the performance of the colony produced by its mother. However, we cannot be entirely certain that a specific queen will produce offspring with desirable traits until we observe the young queen's new colony. Collecting the queen's genetic material enables quick and reliable determination of the relevant information. We sampled exuviae, feces, and wingtips for DNA extraction to avoid fatally injuring the queen when using tissue samples. Quantity and purity of extracted DNA were measured. Two mitochondrial markers were used to determine the lineage affiliation and exclude possible contamination of DNA extracts with non-honeybee DNA. dCAPS (derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences) markers allowed detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in nuclear DNA regions presumably associated with Varroa sensitive hygiene and set the example of successful development of genotyping protocol from non-destructive DNA sources. One of the logical future steps in honeybee breeding is introducing genomic selection and non-destructive sampling methods of genetic material may be the prerequisite for successful genotyping. Our results demonstrate that the extraction of DNA from feces and exuviae can be introduced into practice. The advantage of these two sources over wingtips is reducing the time window for processing the samples, thus enabling genotyping directly after the queen's emergence.
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Ilyasov RA, Lee ML, Takahashi JI, Kwon HW, Nikolenko AG. A revision of subspecies structure of western honey bee Apis mellifera. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3615-3621. [PMID: 33304172 PMCID: PMC7714978 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy of honey bee A. mellifera contains a lot of issues due to the specificity of population structure, features of biology and resolutions of honey bee subspecies discrimination methods. There are a lot of transition zones between ranges of subspecies which led to the gradual changes of characteristics among neighbor subspecies. The modern taxonomic pattern of honey bee Apis mellifera is given in this paper. Thirty-three distinct honey bee subspecies are distributed across all Africa (11 subspecies), Western Asia and the Middle East (9 subspecies), and Europe (13 subspecies). All honey bee subspecies are subdivided into 5 evolutionary lineages: lineage A (10 subspecies) and its sublineage Z (3 subspecies), lineage M (3 subspecies), lineage C (10 subspecies), lineage O (3 subspecies), lineage Y (1 subspecies), lineage C or O (3 subspecies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustem A. Ilyasov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, Ufa 450054, Russia
- Division of Life Sciences, Major of Biological Sciences, and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Academy-ro 119, Yeonsu-gu, Songdo-dong, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-lyeol Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Major of Biological Sciences, and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Academy-ro 119, Yeonsu-gu, Songdo-dong, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-ichi Takahashi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama, Kita Ward, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, Major of Biological Sciences, and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Academy-ro 119, Yeonsu-gu, Songdo-dong, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexey G. Nikolenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Oktyabrya 71, Ufa 450054, Russia
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Noh P, Kim WJ, Song JH, Park I, Choi G, Moon BC. Rapid and Simple Species Identification of Cicada Exuviae Using COI-Based SCAR Assay. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030168. [PMID: 32155837 PMCID: PMC7143061 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cicadidae periostracum (CP), the medicinal name of cicada exuviae, is well-known insect-derived traditional medicine with various pharmacological effects, e.g., anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and anticancer effects; it is also beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. For appropriate CP application, accurate species identification is essential. The Korean pharmacopoeia and the pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China define Cryptotympana atrata as the only authentic source of CP. Species identification of commercially distributed CP based on morphological features, however, is difficult because of the combined packaging of many cicada exuviae in markets, damage during distribution, and processing into powder form. DNA-based molecular markers are an excellent alternative to morphological detection. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of C. atrata, Meimuna opalifera, Platypleura kaempferi, and Hyalessa maculaticollis were analyzed. On the basis of sequence alignments, we developed sequence-characterized amplified-region (SCAR) markers for efficient species identification. These markers successfully discriminated C. atrata from the three other cicada species, and detected the adulteration of market CP samples. This SCAR assay is a rapid, simple, cheap, reliable, and reproducible method for species identification, regardless of sample form and status, and contributes to CP quality control.
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