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Mekala JR, Nalluri HP, Reddy PN, S B S, N S SK, G V S D SK, Dhiman R, Chamarthy S, Komaragiri RR, Manyam RR, Dirisala VR. Emerging trends and therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies. Gene 2024; 925:148607. [PMID: 38797505 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are being used to prevent, detect, and treat a broad spectrum of malignancies and infectious and autoimmune diseases. Over the past few years, the market for mAbs has grown exponentially. They have become a significant part of many pharmaceutical product lines, and more than 250 therapeutic mAbs are undergoing clinical trials. Ever since the advent of hybridoma technology, antibody-based therapeutics were realized using murine antibodies which further progressed into humanized and fully human antibodies, reducing the risk of immunogenicity. Some of the benefits of using mAbs over conventional drugs include a drastic reduction in the chances of adverse reactions, interactions between drugs, and targeting specific proteins. While antibodies are very efficient, their higher production costs impede the process of commercialization. However, their cost factor has been improved by developing biosimilar antibodies, which are affordable versions of therapeutic antibodies. Along with biosimilars, innovations in antibody engineering have helped to design bio-better antibodies with improved efficacy than the conventional ones. These novel mAb-based therapeutics are set to revolutionize existing drug therapies targeting a wide spectrum of diseases, thereby meeting several unmet medical needs. In the future, mAbs generated by applying next-generation sequencing (NGS) are expected to become a powerful tool in clinical therapeutics. This article describes the methods of mAb production, pre-clinical and clinical development of mAbs, approved indications targeted by mAbs, and novel developments in the field of mAb research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaki Ramaiah Mekala
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA.
| | - Hari P Nalluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Prakash Narayana Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. V.S. Krishna Government College, Visakhapatnam 530013, India
| | - Sainath S B
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore 524320, AP, India
| | - Sampath Kumar N S
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India
| | - Sai Kiran G V S D
- Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool 518501, AP, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela-769008, India
| | - Sahiti Chamarthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522502, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Raghava Rao Komaragiri
- Department of CSE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), Vaddeswaram 522302, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
| | - Rajasekhar Reddy Manyam
- Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amaravati Campus, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijaya R Dirisala
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's (Deemed to be) University, Guntur 522213, AP, India.
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2
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Adhikari P, Li G, Go M, Mandikian D, Rafidi H, Ng C, Anifa S, Johnson K, Bao L, Hernandez Barry H, Rowntree R, Agard N, Wu C, Chou KJ, Zhang D, Kozak KR, Pillow TH, Lewis GD, Yu SF, Boswell CA, Sadowsky JD. On Demand Bioorthogonal Switching of an Antibody-Conjugated SPECT Probe to a Cytotoxic Payload: from Imaging to Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19088-19100. [PMID: 38946086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for the treatment of cancer aim to achieve selective delivery of a cytotoxic payload to tumor cells while sparing normal tissue. In vivo, multiple tumor-dependent and -independent processes act on ADCs and their released payloads to impact tumor-versus-normal delivery, often resulting in a poor therapeutic window. An ADC with a labeled payload would make synchronous correlations between distribution and tissue-specific pharmacological effects possible, empowering preclinical and clinical efforts to improve tumor-selective delivery; however, few methods to label small molecules without destroying their pharmacological activity exist. Herein, we present a bioorthogonal switch approach that allows a radiolabel attached to an ADC payload to be removed tracelessly at will. We exemplify this approach with a potent DNA-damaging agent, the pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimer, delivered as an antibody conjugate targeted to lung tumor cells. The radiometal chelating group, DOTA, was attached via a novel trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-caged self-immolative para-aminobenzyl (PAB) linker to the PBD, stably attenuating payload activity and allowing tracking of biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice via SPECT-CT imaging (live) or gamma counting (post-mortem). Following TCO-PAB-DOTA reaction with tetrazines optimized for extra- and intracellular reactivity, the label was removed to reveal the unmodified PBD dimer capable of inducing potent tumor cell killing in vitro and in mouse xenografts. The switchable antibody radio-drug conjugate (ArDC) we describe integrates, but decouples, the two functions of a theranostic given that it can serve as a diagnostic for payload delivery in the labeled state, but can be switched on demand to a therapeutic agent (an ADC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Adhikari
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guangmin Li
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Hanine Rafidi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sagana Anifa
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Johnson
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Linda Bao
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicholas Agard
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cong Wu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kang-Jye Chou
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H Pillow
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gail D Lewis
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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3
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Rajagopal D, MacLeod E, Corogeanu D, Vessillier S. Immune-related adverse events of antibody-based biological medicines in cancer therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18470. [PMID: 38963257 PMCID: PMC11223167 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant antibodies (Abs) are an integral modality for the treatment of multiple tumour malignancies. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of rituximab as the first monoclonal antibody (mAb) for cancer treatment, several mAbs and antibody (Ab)-based therapies have been approved for the treatment of solid tumour malignancies and other cancers. These Abs function by either blocking oncogenic pathways or angiogenesis, modulating immune response, or by delivering a conjugated drug. The use of Ab-based therapy in cancer patients who could benefit from the treatment, however, is still limited by associated toxicity profiles which may stem from biological features and processes related to target binding, alongside biochemical and/or biophysical characteristics of the therapeutic Ab. A significant immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with Ab-based therapies is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), characterized by the development of fever, rash and even marked, life-threatening hypotension, and acute inflammation with secondary to systemic uncontrolled increase in a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review irAEs associated with specific classes of approved, Ab-based novel cancer immunotherapeutics, namely immune checkpoint (IC)-targeting Abs, bispecific Abs (BsAbs) and Ab-drug-conjugates (ADCs), highlighting the significance of harmonization in preclinical assay development for safety assessment of Ab-based biotherapeutics as an approach to support and refine clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rajagopal
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
| | - Elliot MacLeod
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
Gilead Sciences, Winchester HouseOxfordUK
| | - Diana Corogeanu
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
- Present address:
East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, Conquest HospitalEast SussexUK
| | - Sandrine Vessillier
- Immunotherapy, Biotherapeutics and Advanced Therapies Division, Science, Research, and Innovation Group, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)HertfordshireUK
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4
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Parit S, Manchare A, Gholap AD, Mundhe P, Hatvate N, Rojekar S, Patravale V. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A promising breakthrough in cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124211. [PMID: 38750981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) provide effective cancer treatment through the selective delivery of cytotoxic payloads to the cancer cells. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. Despite several advantages, there is a requirement for innovations in the molecular design of ADC owing to drug resistance, cancer heterogeneity along the adverse effects of treatment. The review critically analyses ADC function mechanisms, unraveling the intricate interplay between antibodies, linkers, and payloads in facilitating targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. The article also highlights notable advancements in antibody engineering, which aid in creating highly selective and potent ADCs. Additionally, the review details significant progress in clinical ADC development with an in-depth examination of pivotal trials and approved formulations. Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are a ground-breaking approach to targeted drug delivery, especially in cancer treatment. They offer unparalleled precision and specificity in directing drugs to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of ADC development, covering their design, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. The article emphasizes the need for greater precision in drug delivery and explains why ADCs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Parit
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit Manchare
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Mundhe
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India.
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5
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Liu D, Mao W, Hu B, Li X, Zhao Q, Zhang L, Hu J. A real-world pharmacovigilance study of polatuzumab vedotin based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS). Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405023. [PMID: 38983914 PMCID: PMC11231375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polatuzumab vedotin, the first FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD79b, is utilized in the treatment of previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), as well as relapsed or refractory (R/R) DLBCL. Despite its approval, concerns persist regarding the long-term safety profile of polatuzumab vedotin. This study aims to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with polatuzumab vedotin since its approval in 2019, utilizing data mining strategies applied to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods Signal detection employed four methodologies, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multi-item gamma poisson shrinker (MGPS), to evaluate and quantify the signals of polatuzumab vedotin-associated AEs. Additionally, subgroup analyses based on patients age, gender, and fatal cases were conducted to investigate AEs occurrences in specific subpopulations. Results A total of 1,521 reports listing polatuzumab vedotin as a "principal suspect (PS)" drug were collected from the FAERS database. Through concurrent compliance with four algorithms, 19 significant Standardized MedDRA Query (SMQ) AEs and 92 significant Preferred Term (PT) AEs were detected. Subgroup analyses revealed a higher incidence of PTs in male patients compared to female patients, increased likelihood of polatuzumab vedotin-associated AEs in elder patients (>65 years), and AEs with a high risk of fatal cases include: blood lactate dehydrogenase increased, cytopenia, and hydronephrosis. The median time to AEs occurrence following polatuzumab vedotin initiation was 18.5 (5∼57.75) days, with 95% of AEs occurred within 162 days. Conclusion This study identified various AEs associated with polatuzumab vedotin, offering critical insights for clinical monitoring and risk identification in patients receiving polatuzumab vedotin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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6
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Hori Y, Hosoi H, Mushino T, Okabe Y, Sakaki A, Yoshida K, Tochino Y, Yamashita Y, Sonoki T. Central nervous system relapse after combination therapy including polatuzumab vedotin in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Res Rep 2024; 21:100467. [PMID: 38939513 PMCID: PMC11208936 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2024.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Preventing central nervous system (CNS) relapse is a major challenge in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, no previous studies have examined the efficacy of polatuzumab vedotin (PV)-containing regimens in preventing CNS relapse in patients with DLBCL. Here, we report two cases of CNS relapse after PV-containing chemotherapy for DLBCL. CNS relapse developed during combination therapy with PV, bendamustine, and rituximab (PV-BR) in one patient and six months after PV-BR in the other patient. PV-containing chemotherapy may be ineffective as a prophylaxis against CNS relapse; therefore, additional strategies for preventing CNS relapse in DLBCL patients are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Hori
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hosoi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mushino
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Okabe
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sakaki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kikuaki Yoshida
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tochino
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamashita
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Sonoki
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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7
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Yip V, Saad OM, Leipold D, Li C, Kamath A, Shen BQ. Monomethyl Auristatin E (MMAE), a Payload for Multiple Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), Demonstrates Differential Red Blood Cell Partitioning Across Human and Animal Species. Xenobiotica 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38647387 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2345849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) has been used as a payload for several Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). It is known that MMAE is released from the ADC following binding, internalization and proteolytic degradation in target tissues. A striking discrepancy in systemic MMAE levels has been observed across species with 50-fold higher MMAE levels in human than that in rodents when normalized by ADC dose with unknown mechanism.Hypothesis and purpose: Multiple factors could affect systemic MMAE levels such as production and elimination of unconjugated MMAE following ADC dosing. In this study, we have explored whether MMAE displays differential red blood cell (RBC) partitioning across species that may contribute to the different MMAE levels seen between human and animals.Experiments: To determine MMAE RBC partitioning, tritium labeled MMAE ([3H]-MMAE) was incubated in whole blood from mice, rats, monkeys and humans in vitro, then RBC partitioning was determined and compared across species. To test whether MMAE released from the ADC would show any difference in RBC partitioning, pinatuzumab vedotin or polatuzumab vedotin was administered to mice, rats, and monkeys. MMAE levels were measured in both blood and plasma, and the ratios of MMAE levels were calculated as blood-to-plasma ratio (in vivo RBC partitioning).Results: Our in vitro data showed that unconjugated MMAE has a species-dependent RBC partitioning with strong RBC partitioning in mouse, rat, followed by monkey blood, whereas minimal RBC partitioning was seen in human blood. Incubation of 2 nM of MMAE in mouse blood resulted in a blood-to-plasma ratio of 11.8 ± 0.291, followed by rat, monkey, and human at 2.36 ± 0.0825, 1.57 ± 0.0250, and 0.976 ± 0.0620, respectively. MMAE RBC partitioning is also concentration-dependent, with an inverse relationship between RBC partitioning and MMAE concentration (higher RBC partitioning at lower concentration). In vivo dosing of pinatuzumab vedotin in mouse displayed systemic MMAE at about a 5-fold higher blood concentration compared to plasma concentration once MMAE reached a pseudo-equilibrium, while systemic MMAE from blood and plasma concentration showed a 1.65-fold difference in rat.Implication and conclusion: These data demonstrated that MMAE has a distinct RBC partitioning across different species, which may contribute to, at least in part, to the differential in the systemic MMAE levels observed in vivo between preclinical and clinical studies. These findings highlight the importance of fully characterizing the ADME properties of both the ADC and its payload, to enable better translation from animals to human for ADC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Yip
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ola M Saad
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Doug Leipold
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Chunze Li
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Amrita Kamath
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
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8
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Liao MZ, Lu D, Lu T, Gibiansky L, Deng R, Samineni D, Dere R, Lin A, Hirata J, Shen BQ, Zhang D, Li D, Li C, Miles D. Clinical pharmacology strategies to accelerate the development of polatuzumab vedotin and summary of key findings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115193. [PMID: 38311111 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The favorable benefit-risk profile of polatuzumab vedotin, as demonstrated in a pivotal Phase Ib/II randomized study (GO29365; NCT02257567), coupled with the need for effective therapies in relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), prompted the need to accelerate polatuzumab vedotin development. An integrated, fit-for-purpose clinical pharmacology package was designed to support regulatory approval. To address key clinical pharmacology questions without dedicated clinical pharmacology studies, we leveraged non-clinical and clinical data for polatuzumab vedotin, published clinical data for brentuximab vedotin, a similar antibody-drug conjugate, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic and population pharmacokinetic modeling approaches. We review strategies and model-informed outcomes that contributed to regulatory approval of polatuzumab vedotin plus bendamustine and rituximab in R/R DLBCL. These strategies made polatuzumab vedotin available to patients earlier than previously possible; depending on the strength of available data and the regulatory/competitive environment, they may also prove useful in accelerating the development of other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Lu
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tong Lu
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Rong Deng
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Randall Dere
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andy Lin
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Hirata
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ben-Quan Shen
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dongwei Li
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chunze Li
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dale Miles
- Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States.
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9
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Savoy EA, Olatunji FP, Fulton MD, Kesic BN, Herman JW, Romero O, Maniatopoulos M, Berkman CE. PSMA-targeted small-molecule drug-conjugates with valine-citrulline and phosphoramidate cleavable linkers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 98:129573. [PMID: 38052377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a modular synthesis and evaluation of two prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted small molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) incorporating the potent chemotherapeutic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). These SMDCs are distinguished by their cleavable linker modules: one utilizing the widely known valine-citrulline linker, susceptible to cleavage by cathepsin B, and the other featuring a novel acid-labile phosphoramidate-based (PhosAm) linker. Both SMDCs maintained nanomolar affinity to PSMA. Furthermore, we confirmed the selective release of the payload and observed chemotherapeutic efficacy specifically within PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells, while maintaining cell viability in PSMA-negative cells. These findings not only validate the efficacy of our approach but also highlight the potential of the innovative pH-responsive PhosAm linker. This study contributes significantly to the field and also paves the way for future advancements in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Savoy
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Feyisola P Olatunji
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Melody D Fulton
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Brittany N Kesic
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Jacob W Herman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | - Oscar Romero
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
| | | | - Clifford E Berkman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA.
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10
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Salih AK, Dominguez Garcia M, Raheem SJ, Ahiahonu WK, Price EW. DFO-Km: A Modular Chelator as a New Chemical Tool for the Construction of Zirconium-89-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20806-20819. [PMID: 37751491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium-89-labeled monoclonal antibodies and other large macromolecules such as nanoparticles hold great promise as positron emission tomography imaging agents. In general, zirconium-89 is an ideal radionuclide for long-circulating vectors such as antibodies or nanoparticles. It is also a promising radionuclide for theranostic radiopharmaceuticals due to its suitable match in half-life with actinium-225, thorium-227, lutetium-177, and others. As such, demand for new and optimized bifunctional chelators for zirconium-89 continues to grow. Herein, we present the modular chelator DFO-Km, which is octadentate and features lysine as a modular amino acid linker. The modular amino acid linker can be changed to other natural or unnatural amino acids to access different bioconjugation chemistries, while the chelating portion is unchanged thus retaining identical metal ion coordination properties to DFO-Km. The epsilon-amine in the DFO-Km linker (lysine) was used to complete synthesis of a bifunctional derivative bearing a p-SCN-Ph moiety. The chelator DFO-Km includes a redesigned hydroxamic acid, which provides more flexibility for metal ion coordination relative to the monomer used in the previously published DFO-Em. Moreover, a set of comprehensive DFT calculations were performed to model and evaluate 16 geometric isomers of Zr-(DFO-Km), which suggested the complex would form the optimum cic-cis-trans-trans octadentate Zr(IV) coordination geometry with no aqua or hydroxide ligands present. The bifunctional derivative p-SCN-Ph-DFO-Km was compared directly with the commercially available p-SCN-Ph-DFO, and both underwent efficient conjugation to a nonspecific human serum antibody (IgG) to yield two model immunoconjugates. The behavior of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Km-IgG was studied in healthy mice for 2 weeks and compared to an equivalent cohort injected with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG as a clinical "gold standard" control. PET-CT and biodistribution results revealed higher stability of [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Km)-IgG in vivo over [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG, as demonstrated by the significant reduction of zirconium-89 in the whole skeleton as visualized and quantified by PET-CT at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-injection. Using CT-gated regions of interest over these PET-CT images, the whole skeleton was selected and uptake values were measured at 14 days post-injection of 3.6 ± 0.9 (DFO) vs 1.9 ± 0.1 (DFO-Km) %ID/g (n = 4, * p = 0.02), which represents a ∼48% reduction in bone uptake with DFO-Km relative to DFO. Biodistribution experiments performed on these same mice following the 14 day imaging time point revealed bone (both tibia) uptake values of 3.7 ± 1.3 (DFO) vs 2.0 ± 0.6 (DFO-Km) %ID/g (n = 6, * p < 0.05), with the tibia uptake values in close agreement with whole-skeleton ROI PET-CT data. These results indicate that DFO-Km is an improved chelator for [89Zr]Zr4+ applications relative to DFO. The bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Ph-DFO-Km shows potential as a new chemical tool for creating bioconjugates using targeting vectors such as antibodies, peptides, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akam K Salih
- Radiopharmacology, Mariana Oncology, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Moralba Dominguez Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Shvan J Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - William K Ahiahonu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
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11
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Gulyak EL, Alferova VA, Korshun VA, Sapozhnikova KA. Introduction of Carbonyl Groups into Antibodies. Molecules 2023; 28:7890. [PMID: 38067618 PMCID: PMC10707781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and their derivatives (scFv, Fabs, etc.) represent a unique class of biomolecules that combine selectivity with the ability to target drug delivery. Currently, one of the most promising endeavors in this field is the development of molecular diagnostic tools and antibody-based therapeutic agents, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). To meet this challenge, it is imperative to advance methods for modifying antibodies. A particularly promising strategy involves the introduction of carbonyl groups into the antibody that are amenable to further modification by biorthogonal reactions, namely aliphatic, aromatic, and α-oxo aldehydes, as well as aliphatic and aryl-alkyl ketones. In this review, we summarize the preparation methods and applications of site-specific antibody conjugates that are synthesized using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ksenia A. Sapozhnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.L.G.); (V.A.A.); (V.A.K.)
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12
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Frachet S, Danigo A, Duchesne M, Richard L, Sturtz F, Magy L, Demiot C. A mouse model of sensory neuropathy induced by a long course of monomethyl-auristatin E treatment. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116624. [PMID: 37419214 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are anticancer drugs consisting of a monoclonal antibody, targeting selective tumor antigens, to which has been frequently associated a highly potent cytotoxic agent, the monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) using a chemical linker. MMAE is a tubulin polymerization inhibitor derived from dolastin-10. These MMAE-ADCs are responsible for peripheral nerve toxicities. Our objective was to develop and characterize a mouse model of MMAE-induced peripheral neuropathy induced by free MMAE injections. MMAE was injected in Swiss mice at 50 μg/kg i.p. every other day for 7 weeks. Assessments of motor and sensory nerve functions were performed once a week on MMAE and Vehicle-treated mice. Sciatic nerve and paw skin were removed at the end of experiment for subsequent immunofluorescence and morphological analysis. MMAE did not affect motor coordination, muscular strength and heat nociception, but significantly induced tactile allodynia in MMAE-treated mice compared with Vehicle-treated mice from day 35 to day 49. MMAE significantly reduced myelinated and unmyelinated axon densities in sciatic nerves and led to a loss of intraepidermal nerve fiber in paw skin. In summary, long course of low dose of MMAE induced a peripheral sensory neuropathy associated with nerve degeneration, without general state alteration. This model may represent a ready accessible tool to screen neuroprotective strategies in the context of peripheral neuropathies induced by MMAE-ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Frachet
- NeurIT (Neuropathies et Innovations Thérapeutiques) UR 20218, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, France; Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges 87042, France.
| | - Aurore Danigo
- NeurIT (Neuropathies et Innovations Thérapeutiques) UR 20218, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, France.
| | - Mathilde Duchesne
- NeurIT (Neuropathies et Innovations Thérapeutiques) UR 20218, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, France; Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges 87042, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges 87042, France.
| | - Laurence Richard
- NeurIT (Neuropathies et Innovations Thérapeutiques) UR 20218, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, France; Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges 87042, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges 87042, France.
| | - Franck Sturtz
- NeurIT (Neuropathies et Innovations Thérapeutiques) UR 20218, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, France.
| | - Laurent Magy
- NeurIT (Neuropathies et Innovations Thérapeutiques) UR 20218, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, France; Department of Neurology, Reference Center for Rare Peripheral Neuropathies, University Hospital of Limoges, Limoges 87042, France.
| | - Claire Demiot
- NeurIT (Neuropathies et Innovations Thérapeutiques) UR 20218, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, France.
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13
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Bordeau BM, Nguyen TD, Polli JR, Chen P, Balthasar JP. Payload-Binding Fab Fragments Increase the Therapeutic Index of MMAE Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:459-470. [PMID: 36723609 PMCID: PMC10073278 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) is a potent tubulin inhibitor that is used as the payload for four FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Deconjugated MMAE readily diffuses into untargeted cells, resulting in off-target toxicity. Here, we report the development and evaluation of a humanized Fab fragment (ABC3315) that enhances the therapeutic selectivity of MMAE ADCs. ABC3315 increased the IC50 of MMAE against human cancer cell lines by > 500-fold with no impact on the cytotoxicity of MMAE ADCs, including polatuzumab vedotin (PV) and trastuzumab-vc-MMAE (TvcMMAE). Coadministration of ABC3315 did not reduce the efficacy of PV or TvcMMAE in xenograft tumor models. Coadministration of ABC3315 with 80 mg/kg TvcMMAE significantly (P < 0.0001) increased the cumulative amount of MMAE that was excreted in urine 0 to 4 days after administration from 789.4±19.0 nanograms (TvcMMAE alone) to 2625±206.8 nanograms (for mice receiving TvcMMAE with coadministration of ABC3315). Mice receiving 80 mg/kg TvcMMAE and PBS exhibited a significant drop in white blood cell counts (P = 0.025) and red blood cell counts (P = 0.0083) in comparison with control mice. No significant differences, relative to control mice, were found for white blood cell counts (P = 0.15) or for red blood cell counts (P = 0.23) for mice treated with 80 mg/kg TvcMMAE and ABC3315. Coadministration of ABC3315 with 120 mg/kg PV significantly (P = 0.045) decreased the percentage body weight loss at nadir for treated mice from 11.9%±7.0% to 4.1%±2.1%. Our results demonstrate that ABC3315, an anti-MMAE Fab fragment, decreases off-target toxicity while not decreasing antitumor efficacy, increasing the therapeutic window of MMAE ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Bordeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Toan Duc Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Joseph Ryan Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Joseph P. Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
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14
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Olatunji FP, Pun M, Herman JW, Romero O, Maniatopoulos M, Latoche JD, Parise RA, Guo J, Beumer JH, Anderson CJ, Berkman CE. Modular Smart Molecules for PSMA-Targeted Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1701-1709. [PMID: 35999662 PMCID: PMC9842478 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
New targeted chemotherapeutics are urgently needed to minimize off-target toxicity and reduce the high-mortality rate associated with metastatic prostate cancer. Herein, we report on the modular synthesis, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of two small-molecule-drug conjugates (SMDC) targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) incorporating either: (i) a cathepsin-B-cleavable valine-citrulline (Val-Cit), or (ii) an acid-cleavable phosphoramidate linker. Crucial components used in the design of the conjugates include: (i) CTT1298, a nanomolar affinity ligand that binds irreversibly to PSMA and has proven in past studies to rapidly internalize and shuttle payloads into PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells, (ii) MMAE, a known potent cytotoxic payload, and (iii) an albumin-binder, proven to improve residence time of drug conjugates. At dose of 0.8 mg/kg (∼250 nmol/kg), the two SMDCs showed significant efficacy in a PSMA(+) PC3-PIP mouse model of human prostate cancer compared with controls, without inducing systemic toxicity. Though localization of the SMDCs was observed in tissues apart from the tumor, release of MMAE was observed predominantly in tumor tissue, at levels that were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than non-target tissues. Furthermore, SMDC2, which incorporated a novel pH-responsive phosporamidate linker, demonstrated significantly improved efficacy over SMDC1 that has a Val-Cit linker, with a 100% survival over 90 days and 4 out of 8 mice showing complete tumor growth inhibition after 6 weekly doses of 0.8 mg/kg (244 nmol/kg). Our findings demonstrate the potential of irreversible PSMA inhibitors combined with pH-responsive linkers as a way to specifically deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to prostate cancer tumors with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Pun
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630,Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Jacob W. Herman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630
| | - Oscar Romero
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630
| | | | - Joseph D. Latoche
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert A. Parise
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jianxia Guo
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jan H. Beumer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Carolyn J. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211,Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Clifford E. Berkman
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, WA 99164-4630
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15
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Cahuzac H, Sallustrau A, Malgorn C, Beau F, Barbe P, Babin V, Dubois S, Palazzolo A, Thai R, Correia I, Lee KB, Garcia-Argote S, Lequin O, Keck M, Nozach H, Feuillastre S, Ge X, Pieters G, Audisio D, Devel L. Monitoring In Vivo Performances of Protein-Drug Conjugates Using Site-Selective Dual Radiolabeling and Ex Vivo Digital Imaging. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6953-6968. [PMID: 35500280 PMCID: PMC9833330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical models, the development and optimization of protein-drug conjugates require accurate determination of the plasma and tissue profiles of both the protein and its conjugated drug. To this aim, we developed a bioanalytical strategy based on dual radiolabeling and ex vivo digital imaging. By combining enzymatic and chemical reactions, we obtained homogeneous dual-labeled anti-MMP-14 Fabs (antigen-binding fragments) conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E where the protein scaffold was labeled with carbon-14 (14C) and the conjugated drug with tritium (3H). These antibody-drug conjugates with either a noncleavable or a cleavable linker were then evaluated in vivo. By combining liquid scintillation counting and ex vivo dual-isotope radio-imaging, it was possible not only to monitor both components simultaneously during their circulation phase but also to quantify accurately their amount accumulated within the different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Cahuzac
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Carole Malgorn
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Fabrice Beau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Peggy Barbe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Victor Babin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Steven Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Alberto Palazzolo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Robert Thai
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 1825 Pressler St, Houston TX 77030
| | - Sébastien Garcia-Argote
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Keck
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Hervé Nozach
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Sophie Feuillastre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Xin Ge
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston 1825 Pressler St, Houston TX 77030
| | - Gregory Pieters
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, (France),
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16
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Chang HP, Li Z, Shah DK. Development of a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Whole-Body Disposition of MMAE Containing Antibody-Drug Conjugate in Mice. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1-24. [PMID: 35044590 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitate and mathematically characterize the whole-body pharmacokinetics (PK) of different ADC analytes following administration of an MMAE-conjugated ADC in tumor-bearing mice. METHODS The PK of different ADC analytes (total antibody, total drug, unconjugated drug) was measured following administration of an MMAE-conjugated ADC in tumor-bearing mice. The PK of ADC analytes was compared with the whole-body PK of the antibody and drug obtained following administration of these molecules alone. An ADC PBPK model was developed by linking antibody PBPK model with small-molecule PBPK model, where the drug was assumed to deconjugate in DAR-dependent manner. RESULTS Comparison of antibody biodistribution coefficient (ABC) values for total antibody suggests that conjugation of drug did not significantly affect the PK of antibody. Comparison of tissue:plasma AUC ratio (T/P) for the conjugated drug and total antibody suggests that in certain tissues (e.g., spleen) ADC may demonstrate higher deconjugation. It was observed that the tissue distribution profile of the drug can be altered following its conjugation to antibody. For example, MMAE distribution to the liver was found to increase while its distribution to the heart was found to decrease upon conjugation to antibody. MMAE exposure in the tumor was found to increase by ~20-fold following administration as conjugate (i.e., ADC). The PBPK model was able to a priori predict the PK of all three ADC analytes in plasma, tissues, and tumor reasonably well. CONCLUSIONS The ADC PBPK model developed here serves as a platform for translational and clinical investigations of MMAE containing ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Ping Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA
| | - Dhaval K Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 455 Pharmacy Building, Buffalo, New York, 14214-8033, USA.
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17
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Damiani I, Castiglioni S, Sochaj-Gregorczyk A, Bonacina F, Colombo I, Rusconi V, Otlewski J, Corsini A, Bellosta S. Purification and In Vitro Evaluation of an Anti-HER2 Affibody-Monomethyl Auristatin E Conjugate in HER2-Positive Cancer Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080758. [PMID: 34439990 PMCID: PMC8389717 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent an innovative class of anticancer agents specifically aimed at targeting cancer cells, reducing damage to healthy tissues but showing some weaknesses. A promising approach for the development of high-affinity tumor targeting ADCs is the use of engineered protein drugs, such as affibody molecules. Our aim was to develop a more efficient purification method for the cytotoxic conjugate ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE that targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells. The conjugate is based on ZHER2:2891 affibody and a drug conjugation sequence (DCS), which allowed for site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic auristatin E molecule (MMAE) to the affibody. We tested the in vitro efficacy of ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE on several parameters, such as cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Our results confirmed that the cytotoxic conjugate efficiently interacts with high affinity with HER2 positive cancer cells, allowing the selective and specific delivery of the cytotoxic payload. Abstract A promising approach for the development of high-affinity tumor targeting ADCs is the use of engineered protein drugs, such as affibody molecules, which represent a valuable alternative to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in cancer-targeted therapy. We developed a method for a more efficient purification of the ZHER2:2891DCS affibody conjugated with the cytotoxic antimitotic agent auristatin E (MMAE), and its efficacy was tested in vitro on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The effects of ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE were compared with the clinically approved monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin®). To demonstrate that ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE can selectively target HER2 overexpressing tumor cells, we used three different cell lines: the human adenocarcinoma cell lines SK-BR-3 and ZR-75-1, both overexpressing HER2, and the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. MTT assay showed that ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE induces a significant time-dependent toxic effect in SK-BR-3 cells. A 30% reduction of cell viability was already found after 10 min exposure at a concentration of 7 nM (IC50 of 80.2 nM). On the contrary, MDA-MB-231 cells, which express basal levels of HER2, were not affected by the conjugate. The cytotoxic effect of the ZHER2:2891DCS-MMAE was confirmed by measuring apoptosis by flow cytometry. In SK-BR-3 cells, increasing concentrations of conjugated affibody induced cell death starting from 10 min of treatment, with the strongest effect observed after 48 h. Overall, these results demonstrate that the ADC, formed by the anti-HER2 affibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E, efficiently interacts with high affinity with HER2 positive cancer cells in vitro, allowing the selective and specific delivery of the cytotoxic payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Damiani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (I.C.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Silvia Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (I.C.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Alicja Sochaj-Gregorczyk
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (I.C.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Irma Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (I.C.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Valentina Rusconi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (I.C.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50137 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (I.C.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bellosta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (I.D.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (I.C.); (V.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250318392
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