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Tanaka T, Sasaki N, Krisnanda A, Shinohara M, Amin HZ, Horibe S, Ito K, Iwaya M, Fukunaga A, Hirata K, Rikitake Y. Novel UV-B Phototherapy With a Light-Emitting Diode Device Prevents Atherosclerosis by Augmenting Regulatory T-Cell Responses in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031639. [PMID: 38214259 PMCID: PMC10926836 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is an effective treatment for human cutaneous disorders and was shown to reduce experimental atherosclerosis by attenuating immunoinflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of specific wavelengths of UV-B on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms focusing on immunoinflammatory responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on light-emitting diode technology, we developed novel devices that can emit 282 nm UV-B, which we do not receive from natural sunlight, 301 nm UV-B, and clinically available 312 nm UV-B. We irradiated 6-week-old male atherosclerosis-prone Apoe-/- (apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice with specific wavelengths of UV-B and evaluated atherosclerosis and immunoinflammatory responses by performing histological analysis, flow cytometry, biochemical assays, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Irradiation of 282 nm UV-B but not 301 or 312 nm UV-B significantly reduced the development of aortic root atherosclerotic plaques and plaque inflammation. This atheroprotection was associated with specifically augmented immune responses of anti-inflammatory CD4+ Foxp3 (forkhead box P3)+ regulatory T cells in lymphoid tissues, whereas responses of other immune cells were not substantially affected. Analysis of various lipid mediators revealed that 282 nm UV-B markedly increased the ratio of proresolving to proinflammatory lipid mediators in the skin. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that 282 nm UV-B irradiation effectively reduces aortic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis by systemically augmenting regulatory T-cell responses and modulating the balance between proresolving and proinflammatory lipid mediators in the skin. Our findings indicate that a novel 282 nm UV-B phototherapy could be an attractive approach to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Aga Krisnanda
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular EpidemiologyKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
- The Integrated Center for Mass SpectrometryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Hilman Zulkifli Amin
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Sayo Horibe
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Ken Ito
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
| | - Motoaki Iwaya
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMeijo UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of MedicineOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, TakatsukiOsakaJapan
| | - Ken‐ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical PharmaceuticsKobe Pharmaceutical UniversityKobeJapan
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Jing J, Zhu C, Gong R, Qi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Research progress on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the intervention of atherosclerosis: A promising natural immunotherapeutic adjuvant. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114201. [PMID: 36610225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by disorders of lipid metabolism. Abnormal deposition of low-density lipoproteins in the arterial wall stimulates the activation of immune cells, including the adhesion and infiltration of monocytes, the proliferation and differentiation of macrophages and lymphocytes, and the activation of their functions. The complex interplay between immune cells coordinates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammation and plays a key role in the progression of AS. Therefore, targeting immune cell activity may lead to the development of more selective drugs with fewer side effects to treat AS without compromising host defense mechanisms. At present, an increasing number of studies have found that the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate the function of immune cells in multiple ways to against AS, showing great potential for the treatment of AS and promising clinical applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of immune cell action in AS lesions and the potential targets and/or pathways for immune cell regulation by the active ingredients of TCM to promote the understanding of the immune system interactions of AS and provide a relevant basis for the use of active ingredients of TCM as natural adjuvants for AS immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Jing
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhu
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xue Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250001, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Peripheral Vascular Disease Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Surgical Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Ohba K, Iwaki T. Role of thyroid hormone in an experimental model of atherosclerosis: the potential mediating role of immune response and autophagy. Endocr J 2022; 69:1043-1052. [PMID: 35871569 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that several conditions related to abnormal thyroid hormone status, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, or hypercoagulable state, can exacerbate atherosclerotic vascular disease. Thyroid hormone effects on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells have also been studied extensively. However, only limited information is available on thyroid hormone-mediated immune response in current review articles on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. This report thus presents an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic interactions taking place between thyroid hormone status and immune response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In particular, we focus on macrophages and T-lymphocytes, which have been recognized as important determinants for the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have revealed the role of autophagy in immune cells produced in atherosclerosis. In addition, thyroid hormones induce autophagy in several cells and tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscles, lungs, and brown adipose tissue. Our research group, among others, have reported different targets of thyroid hormone-mediated autophagy, including lipid droplets (lipophagy), mitochondria (mitophagy), and aggregated proteins (aggrephagy). Based on these findings, thyroid hormone-mediated autophagy could serve as a novel therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis. We also consider the limitations of the current murine models for studies on atherosclerosis, especially in relation to low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol driven atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohba
- Medical Education Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Kasahara K, Sasaki N, Amin HZ, Tanaka T, Horibe S, Yamashita T, Hirata KI, Rikitake Y. Depletion of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells augments CD4 + T cell immune responses in atherosclerosis-prone hypercholesterolemic mice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09981. [PMID: 35898604 PMCID: PMC9309665 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests a crucial role for Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the control of atherosclerosis. Although suppression of pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell immune responses is supposed to be important for athero-protective action of Foxp3+ Tregs, few studies have provided direct evidence for this protective mechanism. We investigated the impact of Foxp3+ Treg depletion on CD4+ T cell immune responses and the development of atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemia. We employed DEREG (depletion of regulatory T cells) mice on an atherosclerosis-prone low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr -/-) background, which carry a diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor under the control of the foxp3 gene locus. In these mice, DT injection led to efficient depletion of Foxp3+ Tregs in spleen, lymph nodes and aorta. Depletion of Foxp3+ Tregs augmented CD4+ effector T cell immune responses and aggravated atherosclerosis without affecting plasma lipid profile. Notably, the proportion of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ-producing T cells were increased in spleen and aorta following Foxp3+ Treg depletion, implying that Foxp3+ Tregs efficiently regulate systemic and aortic T cell-mediated inflammatory responses under hypercholesterolemia. Unexpectedly, Foxp3+ Treg depletion resulted in an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10-producing T cells, which was not sufficient to suppress the augmented proinflammatory T cell immune responses caused by reduced numbers of Foxp3+ Tregs. Our data indicate that Foxp3+ Tregs suppress pro-inflammatory CD4+ T cell immune responses to control atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kasahara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Hilman Zulkifli Amin
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Sayo Horibe
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
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