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Siddiqui U, Conover MM, Voss EA, Kern DM, Litvak M, Antunes J. Sex Differences in Diagnosis and Treatment Timing of Comorbid Depression/Anxiety and Disease Subtypes in Patients With ADHD: A Database Study. J Atten Disord 2024:10870547241251738. [PMID: 38756010 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241251738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study examined the impact of sex, ADHD subtype, and comorbid illnesses (depression/anxiety) on the timing of diagnosis and treatment for ADHD. METHOD To analyze ADHD patients, four health databases were used to assess subtype, comorbid mood, and antidepressant or anxiolytic drug exposure. Analyses were stratified by sex and age. Standardized mean differences measured intergroup differences. RESULTS Females with ADHD were identified at older ages and had higher rates of depression and anxiety diagnoses and treatments before and after their initial ADHD diagnosis. Predominantly inattentive ADHD patients were diagnosed later and more likely to receive mood disorder diagnosis and treatment than hyperactive impulsive ADHD patients. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a more complex ADHD presentation in females, potentially causing late diagnosis and delayed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Siddiqui
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - Erica A Voss
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - David M Kern
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
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Bonti E, Zerva IK, Koundourou C, Sofologi M. The High Rates of Comorbidity among Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Reconsidering the Clinical Utility of Distinct Diagnostic Categories. J Pers Med 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38541042 PMCID: PMC10971064 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The boundaries between neurodevelopmental disorders are often indistinct, even among specialists. But do these boundaries exist, or do experts struggle to distinguish and categorize symptoms in order to arrive at a dominant diagnosis while comorbidity continually leaves questions about where each disorder ends and begins? What should be reconsidered? The introduction of the term 'spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders' could pave the way for a re-appraisal of the clinical continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders. This study aims to highlight the problems that emerge in the field of the differential diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders and propose a renegotiation of the distinctiveness criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Bonti
- First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, “Papageorgiou” General Hospital, Pavlos Melas, 564 29 Agios Pavlos, Greece;
- School of Education, Special Education Department, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
| | - Irini K. Zerva
- School of Education, Special Education Department, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus
- First Psychiatric Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christiana Koundourou
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos 8042, Cyprus; (C.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sofologi
- Psychology Department, School of Health Sciences, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos 8042, Cyprus; (C.K.); (M.S.)
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Education School, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 451 10 Ioannina, Greece
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Drabick DAG, Jakubovic RJ, Friedman AL, Everett VS, Emory GO, Gerpe MR, Deloreto KM, Campagnolio AP, Galante MK, Nachman S, Gadow KD. Are Family Factors Differentially Associated with Externalizing Symptoms Among Youth with Perinatally Acquired HIV? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01651-5. [PMID: 38261149 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) face unique psychosocial stressors. They are at risk for externalizing problems, including symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder (CD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as risk-taking behaviors, such as substance use (SU). Although family factors have been differentially associated with externalizing and SU behaviors based on youth sex in prior research, there is a dearth of literature considering these processes among youth with PHIV. Participants included 314 youth with PHIV (M = 12.88 years, SD = 3.08 years; 50.80% male; 85.30% Black or Latinx). Boys exhibited higher levels of ADHD symptoms than girls. Among boys, lower levels of consistency in discipline were associated with higher CD symptoms. Lower levels of family cohesion were associated with higher levels of SU among girls, and higher levels of CD symptoms across youth sex. Findings support the need for family-focused behavioral interventions among youth with PHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A G Drabick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Rafaella J Jakubovic
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Abbey L Friedman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Valerie S Everett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - George O Emory
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | | | - Katherine M Deloreto
- Department of Education and Human Development, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aidan P Campagnolio
- Department of Education and Human Development, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Katherine Galante
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Sharon Nachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth D Gadow
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Beyazit U, Şirin H, Uzun ME, Kuru A, Yurdakul Y, Bütün Ayhan A, Yilmaz S. Attitudes of parents of children with ADHD towards genetic testing: Data from a Turkish sample. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 38126130 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the opinions of parents with children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder about genetic tests. A total of 540 parents living in Turkey participated in the study face-to-face and online. A questionnaire form prepared by the researchers was used as the data collection instrument. Face-to-face data were collected in different institutions in the cities of İzmir, Bursa and Antalya, while online data were collected through Google Forms. The results revealed that parents' views on genetic testing differed according to the sex and age of the child, as well as the parents' level of education and income, and whether the parents had genetic testing during pregnancy (p < 0.05). In the analysis, it was determined that parents' knowledge and awareness levels about genetic tests were generally low, while parents who reported that they would consider having genetic tests had concerns about the storage of their DNA materials, family conflicts that could be caused by genetic tests, and the compatibility of genetic tests with their religious beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Beyazit
- Child Development Department, Kumluca Health Sciences Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hande Şirin
- Child Psychiatry Department, Bursa Higher Specialization Hospital of Education and Research, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem Uzun
- Child Psychiatry Department, Bursa Higher Specialization Hospital of Education and Research, University of Health Sciences, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Alev Kuru
- Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Üsküdar, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Yurdakul
- Child Development Department, Kumluca Health Sciences Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aynur Bütün Ayhan
- Child Development Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Nursery, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cornoldi C, Giofrè D, Toffalini E. Cognitive characteristics of intellectually gifted children with a diagnosis of ADHD. INTELLIGENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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De Rossi P, D'Aiello B, Pretelli I, Menghini D, Di Vara S, Vicari S. Age-related clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with ADHD. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1069934. [PMID: 36778635 PMCID: PMC9911799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1069934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with difficulties in regulating aversion states, high functional impairment, and a high risk of psychopathology across the lifespan. ADHD is clinically heterogeneous, with a wide spectrum of severity and associated symptoms. Clinical characteristics need to be carefully defined in different periods of life as ADHD course, symptoms, and comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time. Adolescence usually represents the transition from primary to secondary education, with a qualitative and quantitative change in environmental and functional demands, thus driving symptoms' change. METHODS In order to characterize age-related clinical features of children (<11 years) and adolescents (≥11 years) with ADHD, we conducted a naturalistic study on 750 children and adolescents assessed for ADHD at our Neuropsychiatry Unit over the course of 3 years (2018-2020). RESULTS We found that ADHD symptoms were significantly higher in children than adolescents. More importantly, we found worse global functioning, lower adaptive skills, higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, emotional dysregulation, social problems, and aggression in adolescents, despite a lower severity of ADHD-specific symptoms. CONCLUSION These results should be confirmed in longitudinal observational studies of adequate sample size in order to reliably describe a potential course characterized by worsening of functioning, reduction in ADHD-specific symptoms and increase in general psychopathology during the transition from childhood to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro De Rossi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Aiello
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, Libera Università Maria Santissima Assunta University, Rome, Italy
| | - Italo Pretelli
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Deny Menghini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Vara
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Li HH, Wang TT, Dong HY, Liu YQ, Jia FY. Screening of ADHD symptoms in primary school students and investigation of parental awareness of ADHD and its influencing factors: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1070848. [PMID: 36619017 PMCID: PMC9816324 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to compare the differences in positive screening rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms between parents and teachers in the same sample of primary school students. Concurrently, parental awareness and information sources of ADHD were investigated, and possible relevant factors affecting parental awareness and their influence on positive screening rate of ADHD were analyzed. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Changchun, China, between September 2020 and January 2021. Parents of 1,118 primary school students and 24 head teachers were recruited in the survey. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire. It consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, ADHD symptom screening questionnaire, parental awareness, and information sources of ADHD. Results Among the 1,118 primary school students, 30 (2.7%) and 60 (5.4%) students were positive for Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) screening in the parent version and teacher version, respectively. Parents had lower positive screening rates for ADHD symptoms than teachers. Relationship with children (mother, OR = 1.552, 95% CI = 1.104-2.180), bachelor degree or above of parents (OR = 1.526, 95% CI = 1.054-2.210), children's sex (girl, OR = 1.442, 95% CI = 1.093-1.904), and age (OR = 1.344, 95% CI = 1.030-1.754), children's grade (grade 2, OR = 0.522, 95% CI = 0.310-0.878; grade 3, OR = 0.388, 95% CI = 0.185-0.782), information sources of ADHD (medical staff, OR = 1.494, 95% CI = 1.108-2.015; family/relative/friend, OR = 1.547, 95% CI = 1.148-2.083; TV/Internet, OR = 3.200, 95% CI = 2.270-4.510) were the factors related to the parental awareness of ADHD. Conclusion Parents and teachers of primary school students recognize ADHD symptoms differently. The positive screening rate of ADHD among teachers was significantly higher than that of parents. Relationship with children, educational level of parents, children's sex, age, and grade, and information sources of ADHD are the relevant factors affecting parental awareness of ADHD. More efforts should be made to disseminate ADHD knowledge through mass media, and medical staff. Fathers, parents with low educational level, and parents of grade 2 and 3 pupils should be encouraged to acquire more knowledge on ADHD to improve the early recognition rate of ADHD symptoms. Clinical trial registration [http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54 072], identifier [ChiCTR2000033388].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Han-Yu Dong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ya-Qin Liu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,Pediatric Research Institute of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Fei-Yong Jia,
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Toffalini E, Buono S, Cornoldi C. The structure, profile, and diagnostic significance of intelligence in children with ADHD are impressively similar to those of children with a specific learning disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 129:104306. [PMID: 35863174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the structure, profile, and diagnostic significance of intelligence in a group of 948 children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed with the WISC-IV and compared with children with specific learning disorders (SLDs) and with typically developing children. Based on four indexes, the WISC-IV configuration found in TD resulted applicable to ADHD, but with generally lower loadings on g. The Perceptual Reasoning and Verbal Comprehension indexes not only had higher loadings compared to the other two indexes but also represented the relative strengths of children with ADHD, as previously observed for children with SLD. In fact, the WISC pattern could be successfully used for discriminating between ADHD and TD, but not between ADHD and SLD. The latter result was not due to a co-occurrence of a learning disorder because the presence or absence of an associated diagnosis of SLD negligibly affected the pattern observed in ADHD. We concluded that the characteristics of intelligence in children with ADHD can be relevant for assessing this disorder, and that ADHD and SLDs share largely similar underlying cognitive features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cesare Cornoldi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Italy.
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