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Yang S, Zhang Y, Chen N, Shi J, Ju W, Chen H, Yang G, Wang Z, Liu H, Jiang X, Cui C, Chen M, Li M. Characteristics, Thrombus Resolution, and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Thrombus. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231168097. [PMID: 37079758 PMCID: PMC10126607 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231168097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the prevalence and management of atrial thrombus in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and identify the risk factors of the nonresolution of atrial thrombus. This single-center retrospective observational study consecutively enrolled patients with NVAF and atrial thrombus detected using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) from January 2012 to December 2020. Patients with prior left atrial appendage (LAA) intervention were excluded. The primary endpoint was the presence of atrial thrombus, while the secondary endpoint was the complete resolution of atrial thrombus. The prevalence of atrial thrombus in patients with NVAF was 1.4%. Ninety patients with atrial thrombus (mean age 62.8 ± 11.9 years and 61.1% men) were finally analyzed. Atrial thrombus was in the LAA in 82 (91.1%) patients. During follow up, 60% of the patients showed complete resolution of atrial thrombus. Congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR]: 8.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-47.80) and a history of ischemic stroke (OR: 8.28; 95% CI: 1.48-46.42) were independently associated with the risk of the nonresolution of atrial thrombus. The presence of atrial thrombus in patients with NVAF who received anticoagulation therapy is non-negligible. Even in anticoagulated patients, TEE or cardiac CTA might still be needed. Congestive heart failure and a history of ischemic stroke are risk factors of the nonresolution of atrial thrombus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjuan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Shi
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhu Ju
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwu Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zidun Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Cui
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingfang Li
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Branca L, Tomasoni D, Cimino G, Cersosimo A, Lombardi CM, Chizzola G, Metra M, Adamo M. Impact and predictors of device-related thrombus after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2023; 24:12-19. [PMID: 36440764 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Device-related thrombus (DRT) is a known complication occurring in up to 7% of patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Since the target population of LAAC is generally ineligible for oral anticoagulant therapies, DRT raises important concerns. The aim of this review will be to summarize available evidence on DRT after LAAC focusing on its possible impact on outcomes. Recent findings showed a tighter association between DRT and neurological ischemic events. Antithrombotic regimen adopted after LAAC may have a protective effect against DRT. Many patient-related and procedural factors have been identified as possible predictors of DRT. A tailored approach, which takes into account DRT, is needed in the patient selection for LAAC and in the postprocedural follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Branca
- Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory and Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Hang D, Subramani M, Gozdecki L, Lozano P, Pagel PS. Large Mass in the Left Atrium: The Usual Myxoma or Another Common Etiology? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:4541-4545. [PMID: 36123262 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Hang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| | - Matthew Subramani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Leo Gozdecki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Pedro Lozano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Paul S Pagel
- Anesthesiology Service, the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
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Cheng YY, Tan S, Hong CT, Yang CC, Chan L. Left Atrial Appendage Thrombosis and Oral Anticoagulants: A Meta-Analysis of Risk and Treatment Response. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100351. [PMID: 36286303 PMCID: PMC9604359 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) is the main cause of cardioembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Emerging evidence indicates that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be a preferred, safer choice for patients with LAAT. However, current guidelines indicate vitamin K antagonist (VKA) as the preferred treatment for LAAT. We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of VKA and DOAC for the treatment of LAAT. Methods: The search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to July 2022, with the language restricted to English. A first analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk of LAAT under VKA or DOAC treatment. A second analysis was conducted to compare the resolution of LAAT under VKA and DOAC treatment. Results: In 13 studies comparing LAAT incidence rates under VKA and DOAC treatment, significant superiority of DOAC was detected (pooled RR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.47–0.90, p = 0.009) with moderate heterogeneity being identified in the pooled studies. In 13 studies comparing LAAT resolution under VKA and DOAC use, treatment with DOAC exhibited a significantly increased probability of LAAT resolution compared with VKA (pooled odds ratio = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.02–2.26, p = 0.040). Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests a superiority of DOAC over VKA with respect to LAAT incidence in people with AF and the likelihood of LAAT resolution. Due to their established safety profile, DOAC is a preferable choice for anticoagulation, although further randomized controlled studies are warranted to provide further evidence of their suitability as a new recommended treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yung Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Shennie Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 235, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 235, Taiwan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.Y.); (L.C.)
| | - Lung Chan
- Department of Neurology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei 235, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.Y.); (L.C.)
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Tsai CF, Huang PS, Chiu FC, Chen JJ, Chang SN, Hsu JC, Chua SK, Cheng HL, Wang YC, Hwang JJ, Tsai CT. Bailout left atrial appendage occluder for pulmonary vein isolation and electrical cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation and left atrial appendage thrombus: a pilot study. Clin Res Cardiol 2022:10.1007/s00392-022-02085-0. [PMID: 36056218 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-022-02085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioversion and catheter-based circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) are established rhythm control treatment strategies for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, these treatments are contraindicated for AF patients with a left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus. METHODS We conducted the first-in-man case series study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of performing cardioversion or CPVI in AF patients with LAA thrombus immediately after implantation of LAA Occluder (LAAO) in a combined procedure. In our multi-center LAAO registry of 310 patients, 27 symptomatic and drug-refractory AF patients underwent a combined procedure of LAAO and CPVI, among whom 10 (mean age 68 ± 16 years, 6 men) having anticoagulant-resistant LAA thrombus received a bailout procedure of LAAO implantation first then CPVI, and the other 17 patients without LAA thrombus received CPVI first then LAAO for comparison. RESULTS The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score were comparable between these two groups. In patients with LAA thrombus, we put carotid filters and did a no-touch technique, neither advancing the wire and sheath into the LAA nor performing LAA angiography. After LAAO implantation, the connecting cable was still connected to the occluder when cardioversion was performed. During CPVI, the occluder location was registered in the LA geometry by three-dimensional mapping to guide the catheter not to touch the LAAO. The procedure was successful in all the patients without intra-procedural complications. After a mean follow-up of 1.7 ± 0.7 years, there was no device embolization, peri-device leak ≧ 5 mm or stroke event in both groups. The AF recurrence rate was also similar between the two groups (P = 0.697). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that cardioversion or CPVI is doable in symptomatic AF patients with LAA thrombus if LAA was occluded ahead as a bailout procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Feng Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 401, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 401, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Shuo Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liu City, 640, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chun Chiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liu City, 640, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Jiun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liu City, 640, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liu City, 640, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Cheng Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan
| | - Su-Kiat Chua
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Memorial Wu Ho-Su Hospital, Taipei City, 111, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Liang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesia, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Juey-Jen Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Dou-Liu City, 640, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ti Tsai
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan.
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Romiti GF. New Paradigms in Antithrombotic Strategies: A Leap into the Future of Cardiovascular Medicine. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2693. [PMID: 35628820 PMCID: PMC9146678 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, significant improvements have changed the landscape of antithrombotic treatment strategies and, more generally, the treatment of thrombotic and cardiovascular diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Francesco Romiti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza-University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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