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Fang CC, Liu YH, Huang SH. The symbiotic experiences of residents with and without dementia co-living in Taiwan's long-term care facilities: a phenomenological study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:611. [PMID: 39020319 PMCID: PMC11253483 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Taiwan, residents with and without dementia mostly co-live in long-term care facilities. The behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia residents often pose challenges for others living together. This study explored the symbiotic experiences of residents without dementia co-living with those with dementia in long-term care facilities in Taiwan to present their experiences of living together. METHODS This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with a phenomenological design. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 residents without dementia from three long-term care institutions in Taiwan. Colaizzi's data processing steps were used for analysis. RESULTS The analysis of interview transcripts revealed that the experiences of residents who lived with those with dementia were that of a "symbiosis." Three core themes were found: "the impact of co-living," "facing difficulties and coping," and "companionship and reciprocity." This study showed that residents without dementia may be affected by the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of residents with dementia when co-living in long-term care facilities. However, there are also positive and mutually beneficial interactions between them. By helping people with dementia in their daily lives, residents without dementia feel happy and accomplished and their self-worth is enhanced. Furthermore, residents with dementia have more opportunities for social engagement and co-living interactions. CONCLUSION These results can guide long-term care facilities without special care dementia units to support residents without dementia, reduce the interference of the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of residents with dementia, and promote mutual benefits. However, these findings warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Chuan Fang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 115, Sec. 2, Linong St. Beitou Dist. 112, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hsun Liu
- Nursing Home, Changhua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 80, Sec. 2, Zhongzheng Rd., Puxin Township, 513, Changhua County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-He Huang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 115, Sec. 2, Linong St. Beitou Dist. 112, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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Tsai LM, Kung LH, Tsai YC, Kung CM, Yan YH. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Assessment of Service Quality and User Satisfaction of a Community Support Program in a Region of Taiwan. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1342. [PMID: 38998876 PMCID: PMC11240990 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to assess the service quality and user satisfaction of a community support program (CSP) in a specific administrative region of Taiwan. Employing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 450 CSP users in the region via a questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and Scheffe's Test, were conducted using SPSS 22.0. The findings reveal that users aged 70-79 years with primary education, as well as those with demand or unknown demand for long-term care, reported the highest level of satisfaction with CSP services (mean = 4.5, SD = 0.7, p < 0.05). The study underscores the influence of user characteristics and their understanding of the services on satisfaction levels. These insights provide clear direction for policymakers in shaping the future of CSPs, emphasizing the importance of addressing user needs and enhancing awareness and the utilization of available services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Miin Tsai
- Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 70173, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Hsi Kung
- Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 70173, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Tsai
- Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 70173, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kung
- Department of Information Technology and Communication, Shih Chien University Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 84550, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Yan
- Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 70173, Taiwan
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Huang MH, Tsai CF, Lin YS, Kuo YS, Hsu CC, Fuh JL. A national survey on health-related quality of life for people with dementia in residential long-term care institutions. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:764-772. [PMID: 38072742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an essential outcome parameter in geriatric research; however, the available evidence is mixed regarding the factors associated with HRQoL among people with dementia. We aimed to identify factors that contribute to HRQoL among people with dementia in residential long-term care (LTC) institutions. METHODS We randomly selected 299 of 1607 registered residential LTC institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2019 and 2020, including items on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, the EuroQol-5 dimensions-5 levels (EQ-5D-5L; utility and visual analog scale [VAS] scores), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADL (IADL). RESULTS In total, 1313 people with dementia from 267 institutions were enrolled (mean age, 76.4 ± 12.7 years). The mean EQ-5D-5L utility and VAS scores were 0.10 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.48) and 66.57 (SD = 20.67), respectively. In multivariate linear regression analysis, higher scores for ADL, IADL, and CDR sum of boxes were associated with higher utility scores. Higher VAS scores were associated with higher ADL and MMSE scores. Lower utility scores and VAS scores were associated with more frequent depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION ADL, dementia severity, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms influenced the HRQoL of people with dementia in residential LTC institutions. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to better understand how HRQoL changes over time among people with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, YuanShan and Suao Branches of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fen Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuan Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Kuo
- Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kobayashi M, Une S, Hara H, Honda M. The Impact of Training in Multimodal Communication Skills on Psychotropic Medication Use in Dementia Care. Cureus 2024; 16:e63413. [PMID: 38947140 PMCID: PMC11213625 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the trends in psychotropic drug prescriptions among elderly residents with dementia following the continuous implementation of multimodal comprehensive care communication skills training for staff in a long-term care facility. Methods This retrospective single-center cross-sectional study utilized the database of an urban public hospital that included a long-term care facility. The data were collected from 2016 to 2020. All 130 staff members at the hospital (52 nurses, 48 professional caregivers, seven rehabilitation staff members, three physicians, and three pharmacists) initiated multimodal comprehensive care communication skills basic training from October 2014 to December 2015, which was followed by continuous monthly training until the end of 2020. Antipsychotic prescription rates for residents aged over 65 years with dementia were measured throughout the study period. Results A total of 506 eligible residents were identified, the median age was 86.0 years (IQR: 81.0-90.0), and 283 (55.9%) residents were females. The prescription rates for psychotropic drugs among residents with dementia decreased significantly (43.5% in 2016, 27.0% in 2020; p=0.01). Notably, the percentage of patients prescribed anxiolytics decreased significantly (from 4.7% to 0.0%), while the percentage of patients receiving antipsychotic drugs, hypnotics, antidepressants, or antiepileptic drugs remained unchanged over time. The prescription rates for antidementia drugs significantly decreased from 15.3% to 4.0%. Conclusion The prescription rates of psychotropic drugs were significantly reduced following multimodal comprehensive care communication skills training for staff at a long-term care facility. The improvement in communication skills among staff at long-term care facilities has a tangible impact on reducing drug use among elderly residents with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Internal Medicine, Unity Hospital, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, USA
- General Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Research, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Saki Une
- General Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Research, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hisao Hara
- Internal Medicine, Koriyama Medical Care Hospital, Koriyama, JPN
| | - Miwako Honda
- General Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Research, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, JPN
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Chen KX, Pai MC, Hong WP, Wang CJ, Wang JJ. Exploring nurses' difficulties and strategies when caring for patients with dementia in a neurological ward. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13119. [PMID: 38626947 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nurses in neurological wards face numerous challenges when caring for patients with dementia, particularly those who also present other acute illnesses. However, studies focusing on this area are limited. This study aimed to explore the difficulties and strategies in caring for patients with dementia among nurses working in a neurological ward. A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Twelve nurses from a neurology ward participated in individual semi-structured interviews. The data collected through these interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Two main themes emerged from the analysis: (i) various shortcomings and concerns, which include subthemes: insufficient support, worry about patient safety, inadequate care ability of the caregiver, and insufficient self-competence, and (ii) unique clinical strategies, which include subthemes: cooperate with the caregiver, improve self-competence in dementia care, and employ meticulous resorts. The findings highlighted the nurses' dedication to minimizing patient risks and utilizing available resources as well as stakeholders to provide optimal care. To enhance patient care quality, it is essential to support nurses by addressing care-related barriers, offering continuous education, and establishing care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Xin Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Pai
- Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City, Taiwan
- Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Pin Hong
- Department of Neurology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jane Wang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Jy Wang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
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Lee HC, Hsieh CJ, Jerng JS. Incidence and Factors Associated with Falls in Older People in a Long-Term Care Facility: A Prospective Study in Taiwan. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:959. [PMID: 38786371 PMCID: PMC11121478 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of applying a fall-risk assessment to prevent falls in residents of long-term care facilities has not been investigated. METHODS This prospective study enrolled elderly residents in a long-term care facility in Taiwan. Caregivers were provided with a health-status assessment and fall-risk data to enhance their fall-prevention practices. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with falls. RESULTS A total of 123 subjects, including 68 and 55 for general and nursing-care models, respectively, were assessed. Their health status and risk of falls were provided to the care units to enhance their fall-prevention practices. Subjects in the nursing-care model had more dementia and more prescribed medications, worse physiologic conditions, and higher fall risk. Of them, 28 (23%) had subsequent falls. A univariate analysis showed that those with and without falls were similar in demographic characteristics, prescribed medications, physiologic function, and fall risk. There was a tendency for more falls in the nursing-care model residents (accounting for 61% of those who fell; p = 0.053). A regression analysis showed that gender (beta = 1.359; 95% confidence interval = 0.345-2.374; p = 0.010) and NPI score (beta = 0.101; 95% CI = 0.001-0.200; p = 0.047) were associated with the risk of falls. CONCLUSION Residents at the long-term care facility had a significant risk of falls despite knowledge of their fall risk and the implementation of preventive measures. In this context of being aware of the risk, gender, and psychiatric symptoms were significantly associated with falls. Caregivers at long-term care facilities should implement further measures to prevent falls based on behavioral and psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chun Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Shuin Jerng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Center for Quality Management, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
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Herrero Teijón M, González-Sánchez A, de la Torre L, Sánchez Cabaco A. [Cognitive, Emotional and Dependency Level on Institutionalized Older Adults]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2024; 59:101481. [PMID: 38422785 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2024.101481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is necessary to analyze the aging process in institutionalized older people. For this purpose, a descriptive and analytical epidemiological study was carried out in nursing homes for older adults before the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE Provide an in-depth insight into cognitive (MEC), emotional (Geriatric Depression Scale), and functional (Barthel Scale) status within the older adult participants. METHOD A sample of 973 participants analyzed the relationship between cognitive status, vulnerability to depression, and autonomous performance in Daily Day Activities (DDA) to predict the impact of the comorbidity of these variables. Therefore, in addition to the general distribution of the sample in the previously mentioned dimensions, differences were analyzed according to gender, age, educational level, and geographic area. RESULTS The results confirm the hypothesis that a more impaired cognitive state is associated with higher levels of depression and lower functional capacity. The MEC scores have positive and highly significant correlations with Barthel and Yesavage. The relationship between dementia and autonomy is observed for both sexes, while the relationship between dementia and depression is only observed in women. The educational level influences the MEC scores (the more education, the better performance) and the Barthel scores (the less education, the greater dependency). Statistically significant differences were also found depending on the area of residence location. CONCLUSIONS The more deteriorated cognitive state will be associated with a higher level of depression and lower functional capacity in daily life activities.
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Uceda-Portillo C, Aranda-Valero S, Moruno-Miralles P. Occupational Therapy Interventions to Improve the Quality of Life of Older Adults with Dementia Living in Nursing Homes: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:896. [PMID: 38727453 PMCID: PMC11083416 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12090896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in older adults with dementia presents challenges in promoting research to improve the quality of life of this population. The objective of this study was to assess the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions in improving the quality of life of older adults over 65 years old with dementia living in nursing homes. The databases used were PubMed, Web of Science, OTSeeker, clinicaltrials.gov, Dialnet, Scopus, Cochrane, and SciELO between 2013 and 2023. The studies were selected and evaluated according to the Cochrane guidelines. The review was carried out following the PRISMA 2020 Statement. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into four groups according to the focus of the intervention: "meaningful activities/occupations", "physical, cognitive and sensory functioning", "performance areas", and "physical and social environment and staff training". The strength of evidence was moderate, and the risk of bias was low. The findings revealed that occupational therapy interventions based on participation in recreational activities, reminiscence, performance-based activities and the physical and social environment, and specialized staff training, could improve the perceived quality of life of older adults with dementia living in nursing homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Uceda-Portillo
- Department of Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sandra Aranda-Valero
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Pedro Moruno-Miralles
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain;
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Tran V, Winters E, Stroulia E, Hadjistavropoulos T. Implementation and evaluation of a pain assessment app and novel community platform for long-term care health professionals. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:611-620. [PMID: 36546682 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2158307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A tablet app, based on the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate-II (PACSLAC-II), has been shown to have clinical utility and unique advantages. We aimed to replicate and extend the previous validation of the app through the implementation and evaluation of a new community platform involving a quality indicator (QI) monitoring feature and a resource community portal (CP) that work in conjunction with an updated version of the app. METHODS We employed a mixed-methods multiple-baseline design across 11 long-term care (LTC) units. Units were randomly assigned to conditions which varied in number of app features available. Data included unit-level QIs as well as questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with health professionals. RESULTS Following use of the app, we found improvements in unit-level QIs regardless of availability of the QI/CP features. During interviews, participants expressed a preference for the app over a paper version of the PACSLAC-II due to reasons such as the app's ability to summarize information. Utilization of the community portal websites was unrelated to staff questionnaire-assessed stress/burnout. CONCLUSIONS Despite the positive effects on the care of residents, the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges and interfered with the long-term maintenance of the QI results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Tran
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Emily Winters
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Eleni Stroulia
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas Hadjistavropoulos
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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Chiang KH, Cheng TJ, Kan WC, Wang HY, Li JC, Cai YL, Cheng CH, Liu YC, Chang CY, Chuu JJ. Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Extracts attenuate Alzheimer-like pathology through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and β-amyloid inhibitory activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117132. [PMID: 37704121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. (OA) is a traditional folk-herb, which is usually used to treat acute and chronic nephritis, epilepsy, cystitis, and other diseases. Phenols and flavonoids are the main active compound compounds of OA, with proven anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. AIMS OF THIS STUDY Based on evidenced therapeutic activities, we aimed to investigate the impact of OA on Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, and the pathological features include accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS OA was extracted with water, methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, and determined its total flavonoid and phenolic contents. Initially, Aβ1-42 based cytotoxicity was induced in BV2 cells and C6 cells to investigate the therapeutic impact of OA therapy by MTT, RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Further, Aβ1-42 Oligomer (400 pmol)-induced AD mice model was established to evaluate the impact of OA extract on improving learning and memory impairment. RESULTS The results showed that the extract of OA could increase cell survival, inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS, and increase BDNF levels. We infer that the OA extract may attenuate Aβ-induced cytotoxicity by retarding the production of inflammatory-related factors. In the animal behavior test, the number of mice entering darkroom and the time of arriving at the platform were significantly reduced, indicating the learning and memory-improving ability of OA extract. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that the OA ethanolic extract demonstrated an improving effect on memory and hence could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsing Chiang
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tain-Junn Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Kan
- Division of Nephrology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Department of Sport Management, College of Leisure and Recreation Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli 35159, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ling Cai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Yong-Kang District, Tainan 71004, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Jye Chuu
- Pharmacy Department, Wei-Gong Memorial Hospital, Miaoli 35159, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan.
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Grasina A, Espirito-Santo H, Lemos L, Vilar MM, Simões-Cunha L, Daniel F. Mini-ACE: Validation Study Among Older People in Long-Term Care. J Cogn 2024; 7:5. [PMID: 38223221 PMCID: PMC10785962 DOI: 10.5334/joc.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) is a valid and reliable tool that accurately differentiates various types of cognitive impairment from Normal-cognition assessed in multiple settings. However, its validity among older individuals in long-term care (LTC) was not yet established. Therefore, we sought to assess the Portuguese M-ACE's validity, reliability, and accuracy in detecting cognitive impairment no-dementia (CIND) in LTC users. Methods A comprehensive assessment was performed on 196 LTC Portuguese users aged ≥ 60 years, among whom 71 had Normal-cognition, and 125 had CIND. Results The M-ACE was found to be reliable (McDonald's ω = .86, Cronbach's α = .85) and consistent over time (r = .72; ICC = .83) and between raters (k = .92). Strong correlations with related measures supported construct validity (both r = .67). The M-ACE accurately distinguished CIND from Normal-cognition with a cut-off of 17 points (AUC = 0.81, Sensitivity = 81.7%, Specificity = 74.4%). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the Portuguese M-ACE is a valid and reliable cognitive assessment tool for LTC users, allowing for accurate differentiation between CIND and Normal-cognition. Thus, the M-ACE's use could contribute to the early detection and intervention of cognitive disorders, especially among older adults in LTC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Espirito-Santo
- Miguel Torga Institute of Higher Education (ISMT), Coimbra, PT
- Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitiva e Comportamental, Portugal
| | - Laura Lemos
- Miguel Torga Institute of Higher Education (ISMT), Coimbra, PT
- Centro de Estudos e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Vilar
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências de Educação da Universidade de Coimbra (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Simões-Cunha
- Miguel Torga Higher Education Institute (ISMT), Coimbra, Portugal
- Research and Development Center of the Military University Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Daniel
- Centro de Inovação em Biomedicina e Biotecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Holloway H, Conroy B, Isbel S, D’Cunha NM. Immersive virtual reality in the promotion of health and well-being for people in residential aged care without cognitive impairment: A scoping review. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241249568. [PMID: 38680734 PMCID: PMC11055491 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241249568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sustaining the health and well-being of older people living in residential aged care (RAC) requires new means of providing safe and stimulating recreational and therapeutic programs such as using virtual reality (VR). The aim of the scoping review was to investigate the utility of immersive VR interventions using head-mounted display technology to promote the health and well-being of people without cognitive impairment living in RAC. Method The following databases were searched from inception until January 2024: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane and CINAHL. The eligibility criteria were quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods studies published in English, conducted in RAC, using VR with head-mounted display with people without cognitive impairment. Results Of the 274 articles identified, 9 articles with a total of 310 residents and 50 staff met the inclusion criteria. Seven factors to either impede or enable the use of VR with head-mounted displays in RAC were: residents' agency; the nature of the VR experience; the content of the experience; the ease of use and comfort of the technology; the role of RAC staff; and the role of residents' family members. Conclusion Immersive VR has potential as a tool to promote the health and well-being of people without cognitive impairment living in RAC. Small sample sizes, variations in study design, and selection bias mean that generalisability of the results is limited. Further research is recommended to inform the design and implementation of immersive VR programs tailored specifically for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Holloway
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
- Centre for Ageing Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Brenda Conroy
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Stephen Isbel
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
- Centre for Ageing Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Nathan M D’Cunha
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
- Centre for Ageing Research and Translation, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
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13
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Wu SH, Lin CF, Lu IC, Yeh MS, Hsu CC, Yang YH. Association between pain and cognitive and daily functional impairment in older institutional residents: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:756. [PMID: 37980463 PMCID: PMC10657596 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is often neglected in disabled older population, especially in Taiwan where the population of institutional residents is rapidly growing. Our study aimed to investigate pain prevalence and associated factors among institutional residents to improve pain assessment and management. METHODS This nationwide study recruited 5,746 institutional residents in Taiwan between July 2019 and February 2020. Patient self-report was considered the most valid and reliable indicator of pain. A 5-point verbal rating scale was used to measure pain intensity, with a score ranging from 2 to 5 indicating the presence of pain. Associated factors with pain, including comorbidities, functional dependence, and quality of life, were also assessed. RESULTS The mean age of the residents was 77.1 ± 13.4 years, with 63.1% of them aged over 75 years. Overall, 40.3% of the residents reported pain, of whom 51.2% had moderate to severe pain. Pain was more common in residents with comorbidities and significantly impacted emotions and behavior problems, and the mean EQ5D score, which is a measure of health-related quality of life (p < .001). Interestingly, pain was only related to instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and not activities of daily living (ADL). On the other hand, dementia was significantly negatively associated with pain (p < .001), with an estimated odds of 0.63 times (95% CI: 0.53-0.75) for the presence of pain when compared to residents who did not have dementia. CONCLUSIONS Unmanaged pain is common among institutional residents and is associated with comorbidities, IADL, emotional/behavioral problems, and health-related quality of life. Older residents may have lower odds of reporting pain due to difficulty communicating their pain, even through the use of a simple 5-point verbal rating scale. Therefore, more attention and effort should be directed towards improving pain evaluation in this vulnerable population .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fen Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - I-Cheng Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sung Yeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Cheng Hsu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
- Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Yunlin, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No. 68, Jhonghua 3Rd Road, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan.
- Post Baccalaureat Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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14
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Wollesen B, Schott N, Klotzbier T, Bischoff LL, Cordes T, Rudisch J, Otto AK, Zwingmann K, Hildebrand C, Joellenbeck T, Vogt L, Schoene D, Weigelt M, Voelcker-Rehage C. Cognitive, physical and emotional determinants of activities of daily living in nursing home residents-a cross-sectional study within the PROCARE-project. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023; 20:17. [PMID: 37697252 PMCID: PMC10494417 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-023-00327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interdependencies of health, fitness, cognition, and emotion can promote or inhibit mobility. This study aimed to analyse pathways and interactions between individual subjective and objective physical performance, cognition, and emotions with activities of daily living (ADLs) as mobility indicators in multimorbid nursing home residents. METHODS The study included n = 448 (77.1% females, age = 84.1 ± 7.8 years) nursing home residents. To describe the participant's demographics, frailty, number of falls, and participating institutions' socioeconomic status (SES) were assessed. ADLs were measured with the Barthel Index (BI; dependent variable). Independent variables included objective physical performance, subjective physical performance, cognition, and emotions. A structural equation model (SEM) with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted with AMOS. Direct and indirect effects were estimated using standardized coefficients (significance level of 0.05). RESULTS Indices showed (Chi2(148) = 217, PCMIN/DF = 1.47; p < .001; Comparative Fit Index = .940; Tucker Lewes Index = .902, RMSEA = .033) that the model fitted the data adequately. While there was no direct association between emotions, subjective physical performance, and ADLs, objective physical performance and cognition predicted higher ADLs (p < .01). Emotions had a strong relationship with subjective physical performance, and cognition had a moderate relationship with objective physical performance. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Objective performance and cognition predicted higher functional status, as expressed by higher BI scores. ADLs, such as mobility, dressing, or handling tasks, require motor and cognitive performance. Subjective performance is an important predictor of ADLs and is only partly explained by objective performance, but to a large extent also by emotions. Therefore, future interventions for nursing home residents should take a holistic approach that focuses not only on promoting objective physical and cognitive performance but also on emotions and perceived physical performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number: DRKS00014957.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wollesen
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nadja Schott
- Department of Sports and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas Klotzbier
- Department of Sports and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Laura Luise Bischoff
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Cordes
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Julian Rudisch
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Otto
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zwingmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Claudia Hildebrand
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Joellenbeck
- Department of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Schoene
- Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weigelt
- Department of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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15
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Kröger E, Wilchesky M, Morin M, Carmichael PH, Marcotte M, Misson L, Plante J, Voyer P, Durand P. The OptimaMed intervention to reduce medication burden in nursing home residents with severe dementia: results from a pragmatic, controlled study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:520. [PMID: 37641020 PMCID: PMC10464023 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing home (NH) residents with severe dementia use many medications, sometimes inappropriately within a comfort care approach. Medications should be regularly reviewed and eventually deprescribed. This pragmatic, controlled trial assessed the effect of an interprofessional knowledge exchange (KE) intervention to decrease medication load and the use of medications of questionable benefit among these residents. METHODS A 6-month intervention was performed in 4 NHs in the Quebec City area, while 3 NHs, with comparable admissions criteria, served as controls. Published lists of "mostly", "sometimes" or "exceptionally" appropriate medications, tailored for NH residents with severe dementia, were used. The intervention included 1) information for participants' families about medication use in severe dementia; 2) a 90-min KE session for NH nurses, pharmacists, and physicians; 3) medication reviews by NH pharmacists using the lists; 4) discussions on recommended changes with nurses and physicians. Participants' levels of agitation and pain were evaluated using validated scales at baseline and the end of follow-up. RESULTS Seven (7) NHs and 123 participants were included for study. The mean number of regular medications per participant decreased from 7.1 to 6.6 in the intervention, and from 7.7 to 5.9 in the control NHs (p-value for the difference in differences test: < 0.05). Levels of agitation decreased by 8.3% in the intervention, and by 1.4% in the control NHs (p = 0.026); pain levels decreased by 12.6% in the intervention and increased by 7% in the control NHs (p = 0.049). Proportions of participants receiving regular medications deemed only exceptionally appropriate decreased from 19 to 17% (p = 0.43) in the intervention and from 28 to 21% (p = 0.007) in the control NHs (p = 0.22). The mean numbers of regular daily antipsychotics per participant fell from 0.64 to 0.58 in the intervention and from 0.39 to 0.30 in the control NHs (p = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS This interprofessional intervention to reduce inappropriate medication use in NH residents with severe dementia decreased medication load in both intervention and control NHs, without important concomitant increase in agitation, but mixed effects on pain levels. Practice changes and heterogeneity within these 7 NHs, and a ceiling effect in medication optimization likely interfered with the intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: # NCT05155748 (first registration 03-10-2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edeltraut Kröger
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada.
- Université Laval, Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Institut sur le vieillissement et la participation sociale des aînés, Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, bureau L2-42, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Machelle Wilchesky
- McGill University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 3605, Chemin de La Montagne, Montreal (Québec), H3G 2M1, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chem. de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, (Québec), H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michèle Morin
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
- Institut sur le vieillissement et la participation sociale des aînés, Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, bureau L2-42, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
- Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging, 5795 Av. Caldwell, Côte Saint-Luc, Montreal (Québec), H4W 1W3, Canada
| | - Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Martine Marcotte
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lucie Misson
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Plante
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
- Université Laval, Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Philippe Voyer
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
- Université Laval, Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Durand
- Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, CIUSSSCN, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (Québec), G1S 4L8, Canada
- Université Laval, Faculté de pharmacie, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Donald Berman Maimonides Centre for Research in Aging, 5795 Av. Caldwell, Côte Saint-Luc, Montreal (Québec), H4W 1W3, Canada
- Université Laval, Faculté des sciences infirmières, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry, 1050 Avenue de La Médecine, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada
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16
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Ho SYC, Chien TW, Lin ML, Tsai KT. An app for predicting patient dementia classes using convolutional neural networks (CNN) and artificial neural networks (ANN): Comparison of prediction accuracy in Microsoft Excel. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32670. [PMID: 36705387 PMCID: PMC9875960 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a progressive disease that worsens over time as cognitive abilities deteriorate. Effective preventive interventions require early detection. However, there are no reports in the literature concerning apps that have been developed and designed to predict patient dementia classes (DCs). This study aimed to develop an app that could predict DC automatically and accurately for patients responding to the clinical dementia rating (CDR) instrument. METHODS A CDR was applied to 366 outpatients in a hospital in Taiwan, with assessments on 25 and 49 items endorsed by patients and family members, respectively. The 2 models of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were applied to examine the prediction accuracy based on 5 classes (i.e., no cognitive decline, very mild, mild, moderate, and severe) in 4 scenarios, consisting of 74 (items) in total, 25 in patients, 49 in family, and a combination strategy to select the best in the aforementioned scenarios using the forest plot. Using CDR scores in patients and their families on both axes, patients were dispersed on a radar plot. An app was developed to predict patient DC. RESULTS We found that ANN had higher accuracy rates than CNN with a ratio of 3:1 in the 4 scenarios. The highest accuracy rate (=93.72%) was shown in the combination scenario of ANN. A significant difference was observed between the CNN and ANN in terms of the accuracy rate. An available ANN-based app for predicting DC in patients was successfully developed and demonstrated in this study. CONCLUSION On the basis of a combination strategy and a decision rule, a 74-item ANN model with 285 estimated parameters was developed and included. The development of an app that will assist clinicians in predicting DC in clinical settings is required in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Yu-Chieh Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsair-Wei Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lien Lin
- Department of Examination Room, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Ting Tsai
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.*
- * Correspondence: Kang-Ting Tsai, Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, 901 Chung Hwa Road, Yung Kung Dist., Tainan 710, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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