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Valzolgher C, Federici A, Giovanelli E, Gessa E, Bottari D, Pavani F. Continuous tracking of effort and confidence while listening to speech-in-noise in young and older adults. Conscious Cogn 2024; 124:103747. [PMID: 39213729 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2024.103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reporting discomfort when noise affects listening experience suggests that listeners may be aware, at least to some extent, of adverse environmental conditions and their impact on listening experience. This involves monitoring internal states (effort and confidence). Here we quantified continuous self-report indices that track one's own internal states and investigated age-related differences in this ability. We instructed two groups of young and older adults to continuously report their confidence and effort while listening to stories in fluctuating noise. Using cross-correlation analyses between the time series of fluctuating noise and those of perceived effort or confidence, we showed that (1) participants modified their assessment of effort and confidence based on variations in the noise, with a 4 s lag; (2) there were no differences between the groups. These findings imply extending this method to other areas, expanding the definition of metacognition, and highlighting the value of this ability for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valzolgher
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.
| | | | - Elena Giovanelli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Elena Gessa
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pavani
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca "Cognizione, Linguaggio e Sordità" - CIRCLeS, Trento, Italy
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Qiao XF, Liu LD, Han LY, Chen Y, Li X. Exploring cross-modal plasticity in the auditory-visual cortex post cochlear implantation: implications for auditory and speech function recovery and mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1411058. [PMID: 39224575 PMCID: PMC11366596 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1411058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this is to explore changes in cross-modal reorganization within the auditory-visual cortex after cochlear implantation, examining their influence on auditory and speech functions along with their underlying mechanisms. Methods Twenty prelingually deaf children who received cochlear implantation and rehabilitation training at our hospital between February 2022 and February 2023 comprised the prelingual deaf group. Simultaneously, 20 healthy children served as the control group. The prelingual deaf group underwent brain cortical activity assessment and evaluation of auditory-speech recovery pre-surgery, at postoperative weeks 1 and 2, and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. The control group underwent parallel assessments and evaluations. We analyzed the correlation between cortical activity in the auditory-visual cortex of patients and their auditory-speech functional recovery. Results The group with prelingual deafness displayed elevated levels of auditory and visual cortical electromagnetic intensity compared to the control group, both prior to and 9 months after surgery. However, by the 12-month mark post-surgery, there was no discernible distinction between the two groups. Following surgery, the prelingually deaf group exhibited a progressive improvement in both Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rate (SIR), initially lagging behind the control group. Notably, a negative correlation emerged between auditory and visual cortical electromagnetic intensity values and CAP/SIR scores at the 12-month post-surgery assessment. Conclusion Cochlear implantation in prelingually deaf children results in elevated activity within the auditory and visual cortices, demonstrated by heightened electromagnetic intensity readings. Cross-modal reorganization is observed temporarily at 3 months post-surgery, which resolves to baseline levels by 12 months post-surgery. This phenomenon of reversal correlates with the restoration of auditory and speech functions in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Qiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu-Dan Liu
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ling-Yan Han
- Graduate School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
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BAŞ B, Gökay NY, Aydoğan Z, Yücel E. Do auditory brainstem implants favor the development of sensory integration and cognitive functions? Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3637. [PMID: 39099332 PMCID: PMC11298688 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about the development of cognitive skills and the effect of sensory integration in children using auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) is still limited. OBJECTIVE This study primarily aims to investigate the relationship between sensory processing skills and attention and memory abilities in children with ABI, and secondarily aims to examine the effects of implant duration on sensory processing and cognitive skills in these children. METHODS The study included 25 children between the ages of 6 and 10 years (mean age: 14 girls and 11 boys) with inner ear and/or auditory nerve anomalies using auditory brainstem implants. Visual-Aural Digit Span Test B, Marking Test, Dunn Sensory Profile Questionnaire were applied to all children. RESULTS The sensory processing skills of children are statistically significant and positive, and moderately related to their cognitive skills. As the duration of implant use increases, better attention and memory performances have been observed (p < .05). CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the positive impact of sensory processing on the development of memory and attention skills in children with ABI. It will contribute to evaluating the effectiveness of attention, memory, and sensory integration skills, and aiding in the development of more effective educational strategies for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu BAŞ
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of AudiologyAnkara Yıldırım Beyazıt UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | | | - Zehra Aydoğan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of AudiologyAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Esra Yücel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of AudiologyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Dinçer D'Alessandro H, Nicastri M, Portanova G, Giallini I, Russo FY, Magliulo G, Greco A, Mancini P. Low-frequency pitch coding: relationships with speech-in-noise and music perception by pediatric populations with typical hearing and cochlear implants. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:3475-3482. [PMID: 38194096 PMCID: PMC11211119 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of low frequency (LF) pitch perception on speech-in-noise and music perception performance by children with cochlear implants (CIC) and typical hearing (THC). Moreover, the relationships between speech-in-noise and music perception as well as the effects of demographic and audiological factors on present research outcomes were studied. METHODS The sample consisted of 22 CIC and 20 THC (7-10 years). Harmonic intonation (HI) and disharmonic intonation (DI) tests were used to assess LF pitch perception. Speech perception in quiet (WRSq)/noise (WRSn + 10) were tested with the Italian bisyllabic words for pediatric populations. The Gordon test was used to evaluate music perception (rhythm, melody, harmony, and overall). RESULTS CIC/THC performance comparisons for LF pitch, speech-in-noise, and all music measures except harmony revealed statistically significant differences with large effect sizes. For the CI group, HI showed statistically significant correlations with melody discrimination. Melody/total Gordon scores were significantly correlated with WRSn + 10. For the overall group, HI/DI showed significant correlations with all music perception measures and WRSn + 10. Hearing thresholds showed significant effects on HI/DI scores. Hearing thresholds and WRSn + 10 scores were significantly correlated; both revealed significant effects on all music perception scores. CI age had significant effects on WRSn + 10, harmony, and total Gordon scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Such findings confirmed the significant effects of LF pitch perception on complex listening performance. Significant speech-in-noise and music perception correlations were as promising as results from recent studies indicating significant positive effects of music training on speech-in-noise recognition in CIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Dinçer D'Alessandro
- Department of Audiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Maria Nicastri
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Portanova
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giallini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Magliulo
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Zekveld AA, Pielage H, Versfeld NJ, Kramer SE. The Influence of Hearing Loss on the Pupil Response to Degraded Speech. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:4083-4099. [PMID: 37699194 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current evidence regarding the influence of hearing loss on the pupil response elicited by speech perception is inconsistent. This might be partially due to confounding effects of age. This study aimed to compare pupil responses in age-matched groups of normal-hearing (NH) and hard of hearing (HH) listeners during listening to speech. METHOD We tested the baseline pupil size and mean and peak pupil dilation response of 17 NH participants (Mage = 46 years; age range: 20-62 years) and 17 HH participants (Mage = 45 years; age range: 20-63 years) who were pairwise matched on age and educational level. Participants performed three speech perception tasks at a 50% intelligibility level: noise-vocoded speech and speech masked with either stationary noise or interfering speech. They also listened to speech presented in quiet. RESULTS Hearing loss was associated with poorer speech perception, except for noise-vocoded speech. In contrast to NH participants, performance of HH participants did not improve across trials for the interfering speech condition, and it decreased for speech in stationary noise. HH participants had a smaller mean pupil dilation in degraded speech conditions compared to NH participants, but not for speech in quiet. They also had a steeper decline in the baseline pupil size across trials. The baseline pupil size was smaller for noise-vocoded speech as compared to the other conditions. The normalized data showed an additional group effect on the baseline pupil response. CONCLUSIONS Hearing loss is associated with a smaller pupil response and steeper decline in baseline pupil size during the perception of degraded speech. This suggests difficulties of the HH participants to sustain their effort investment and performance across the test session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Zekveld
- Ear & Hearing Section, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Hidde Pielage
- Ear & Hearing Section, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Niek J Versfeld
- Ear & Hearing Section, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia E Kramer
- Ear & Hearing Section, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, VU University medical center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, the Netherlands
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Zhou XQ, Zhang QL, Xi X, Leng MR, Liu H, Liu S, Zhang T, Yuan W. Cortical responses correlate with speech performance in pre-lingually deaf cochlear implant children. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1126813. [PMID: 37332858 PMCID: PMC10272438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cochlear implantation is currently the most successful intervention for severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss, particularly in deaf infants and children. Nonetheless, there remains a significant degree of variability in the outcomes of CI post-implantation. The purpose of this study was to understand the cortical correlates of the variability in speech outcomes with a cochlear implant in pre-lingually deaf children using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an emerging brain-imaging technique. Methods In this experiment, cortical activities when processing visual speech and two levels of auditory speech, including auditory speech in quiet and in noise with signal-to-noise ratios of 10 dB, were examined in 38 CI recipients with pre-lingual deafness and 36 normally hearing children whose age and sex matched CI users. The HOPE corpus (a corpus of Mandarin sentences) was used to generate speech stimuli. The regions of interest (ROIs) for the fNIRS measurements were fronto-temporal-parietal networks involved in language processing, including bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral inferior parietal lobes. Results The fNIRS results confirmed and extended findings previously reported in the neuroimaging literature. Firstly, cortical responses of superior temporal gyrus to both auditory and visual speech in CI users were directly correlated to auditory speech perception scores, with the strongest positive association between the levels of cross-modal reorganization and CI outcome. Secondly, compared to NH controls, CI users, particularly those with good speech perception, showed larger cortical activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in response to all speech stimuli used in the experiment. Discussion In conclusion, cross-modal activation to visual speech in the auditory cortex of pre-lingually deaf CI children may be at least one of the neural bases of highly variable CI performance due to its beneficial effects for speech understanding, thus supporting the prediction and assessment of CI outcomes in clinic. Additionally, cortical activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus may be a cortical marker for effortful listening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-Ling Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Rong Leng
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Chongqing Integrated Service Center for Disabled Persons, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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