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Jing H, Zhang C, Yan H, Li X, Liang J, Liang W, Ou Y, Wu W, Guo H, Deng W, Xie G, Guo W. Deviant spontaneous neural activity as a potential early-response predictor for therapeutic interventions in patients with schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1243168. [PMID: 37727324 PMCID: PMC10505796 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1243168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have established significant differences in the neuroimaging characteristics between healthy controls (HCs) and patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the relationship between homotopic connectivity and clinical features in patients with SCZ is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, there are currently no established neuroimaging biomarkers available for the diagnosis of SCZ or for predicting early treatment response. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between regional homogeneity and specific clinical features in SCZ patients. Methods We conducted a longitudinal investigation involving 56 patients with SCZ and 51 HCs. The SCZ patients underwent a 3-month antipsychotic treatment. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), regional homogeneity (ReHo), support vector machine (SVM), and support vector regression (SVR) were used for data acquisition and analysis. Results In comparison to HCs, individuals with SCZ demonstrated reduced ReHo values in the right postcentral/precentral gyrus, left postcentral/inferior parietal gyrus, left middle/inferior occipital gyrus, and right middle temporal/inferior occipital gyrus, and increased ReHo values in the right putamen. It is noteworthy that there was decreased ReHo values in the right inferior parietal gyrus after treatment compared to baseline data. Conclusion The observed decrease in ReHo values in the sensorimotor network and increase in ReHo values in the right putamen may represent distinctive neurobiological characteristics of patients with SCZ, as well as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for distinguishing between patients with SCZ and HCs. Furthermore, ReHo values in the sensorimotor network and right putamen may serve as predictive indicators for early treatment response in patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jing
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunguo Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Huagui Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Waszkiewicz N. The Immunoseasonal Theory of Psychiatric Disorders. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4615. [PMID: 37510730 PMCID: PMC10380681 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the influence of the weather on the well-being and mental health of psychiatric patients has been widely seen, the relationships between various seasonal weather factors and depressive, manic, anxiety, and psychotic states have not been systematized in the literature. The current article describes the seasonal changes in weather-related immune responses and their impact on the development of episodes of depression, mania, psychosis, and anxiety, highlighting the T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune balance as their potential trigger. In autumn-winter depression, the hyperactivation of the Th1 system, possibly by microbial/airborne pathogens, may lead to the inflammatory inhibition of prefrontal activity and the subcortical centers responsible for mood, drive, and motivation. Depressive mood periods are present in most people suffering from schizophrenia. In the spring and summertime, when the compensating anti-Th1 property of the Th2 immune system is activated, it decreases the Th1 response. In individuals immunogenetically susceptible to psychosis and mania, the inhibition of Th1 by the Th2 system may be excessive and lead to Th2-related frontal and subcortical hyperactivation and subsequent psychosis. In people suffering from bipolar disorder, hyperintense changes in white matter may be responsible for the partial activation of subcortical areas, preventing full paranoid psychosis. Thus, psychosis may be mood-congruent in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Białystok, Poland
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Stȩpień-Wyrobiec O, Nowak M, Wyrobiec G, Morawiec E, Wierzbik-Strońska M, Staszkiewicz R, Grabarek BO. Crossroad between current knowledge and new perspective of diagnostic and therapy of late-onset schizophrenia and very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: An update. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1025414. [PMID: 36387009 PMCID: PMC9643586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1025414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic, highly individualized disease with many symptoms that can occur with varying severity in different patients. Schizophrenia affects 1% of the population, but occurs in almost 20% of patients after 40 years of age. It should be noted that the next peak in the incidence of schizophrenia occurs at the age of 60 years, affects mostly females, and is closely associated with a high risk of developing memory disorders. Therefore, postadolescent schizophrenia includes two distinct groups of patients: those whose symptoms onset at the age of 45 or 60. The purposes of this literature review were as follows: (1) synthetically characterize the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia; (2) discuss difficulties in the diagnosis of schizophrenia, especially in patients over 40 years of age; (3) discuss the clinical utility of different classes of marker in diagnostic and differentiating schizophrenia from neurodegenerative diseases in elderly people; (4) discuss therapeutic options for schizophrenia, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapy, emphasizing the role of caregivers of people with psychosis in therapy, in preadolescence and postadolescence schizophrenia. We have tried to primarily discuss the findings of original articles from the last 10 years with an indication of their clinical implications with the issues discussed in the various subsections. Moreover, despite many years of research, no specific, precise algorithm has been developed that can be used in clinical practice during the diagnosis of schizophrenia. For this reason, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is primarily based on an interview with the patient and his family, as well as on the experience of a psychiatrist. It also seems that schizophrenia treatment should be carried out holistically, including pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and the support of caregivers of patients who have this psychosis, which increases the achievement of therapeutic success. Finally, we must be aware of the difficulties in diagnosing schizophrenia in the elderly and the need to modify pharmacological treatment. Currently, no guidelines have been developed for the differentiation of negative symptoms in elderly patients with schizophrenia from amotivation/avolition/apathy symptoms in elderly patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Stȩpień-Wyrobiec
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.,EMC Hospitals, John Paul II Geriatric Hospital in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Nowak
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wyrobiec
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Emilia Morawiec
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland.,Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland.,5th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic - Independent Public Health Care Facility in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland.,Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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