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Faienza MF, Giardinelli S, Annicchiarico A, Chiarito M, Barile B, Corbo F, Brunetti G. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bone Health. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5873. [PMID: 38892062 PMCID: PMC11172758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone health is the result of a tightly regulated balance between bone modeling and bone remodeling, and alterations of these processes have been observed in several diseases both in adult and pediatric populations. The imbalance in bone remodeling can ultimately lead to osteoporosis, which is most often associated with aging, but contributing factors can already act during the developmental age, when over a third of bone mass is accumulated. The maintenance of an adequate bone mass is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, such as physical activity and diet, and particularly by an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. In addition, it has been claimed that the integration of specific nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, isoflavones, lycopene, curcumin, lutein, and β-carotene and the intake of bioactive compounds from the diet such as honey, tea, dried plums, blueberry, and olive oil can be efficient strategies for bone loss prevention. Nutraceuticals and functional foods are largely used to provide medical or health benefits, but there is an urge to determine which products have adequate clinical evidence and a strong safety profile. The aim of this review is to explore the scientific and clinical evidence of the positive role of nutraceuticals and functional food in bone health, focusing both on molecular mechanisms and on real-world studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Silvia Giardinelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessia Annicchiarico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Mariangela Chiarito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.F.F.)
| | - Barbara Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (B.B.)
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Shea Z, Ogando do Granja M, Fletcher EB, Zheng Y, Bewick P, Wang Z, Singer WM, Zhang B. A Review of Bioactive Compound Effects from Primary Legume Protein Sources in Human and Animal Health. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4203-4233. [PMID: 38785525 PMCID: PMC11120442 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The global demand for sustainable and nutritious food sources has catalyzed interest in legumes, known for their rich repertoire of health-promoting compounds. This review delves into the diverse array of bioactive peptides, protein subunits, isoflavones, antinutritional factors, and saponins found in the primary legume protein sources-soybeans, peas, chickpeas, and mung beans. The current state of research on these compounds is critically evaluated, with an emphasis on the potential health benefits, ranging from antioxidant and anticancer properties to the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. The extensively studied soybean is highlighted and the relatively unexplored potential of other legumes is also included, pointing to a significant, underutilized resource for developing health-enhancing foods. The review advocates for future interdisciplinary research to further unravel the mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds and to explore their synergistic effects. The ultimate goal is to leverage the full spectrum of benefits offered by legumes, not only to advance human health but also to contribute to the sustainability of food systems. By providing a comprehensive overview of the nutraceutical potential of legumes, this manuscript sets a foundation for future investigations aimed at optimizing the use of legumes in the global pursuit of health and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Shea
- United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh Agricultural Research Station, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Matheus Ogando do Granja
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Fletcher
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yaojie Zheng
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Patrick Bewick
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhibo Wang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Olivette, MO 63132, USA
| | - William M. Singer
- Center for Advanced Innovation in Agriculture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.O.d.G.); (E.B.F.); (Y.Z.); (P.B.); (Z.W.)
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Inpan R, Na Takuathung M, Sakuludomkan W, Dukaew N, Teekachunhatean S, Koonrungsesomboon N. Isoflavone intervention and its impact on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:413-430. [PMID: 37875614 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to estrogen deficiency, postmenopausal women may suffer from an imbalance in bone metabolism that leads to bone fractures. Isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen, have been suggested to improve bone metabolism and increase bone mass. Therefore, isoflavones are increasingly recognized as a promising natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women who face a heightened risk of osteoporosis and are susceptible to bone fractures. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of isoflavone interventions on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women by means of systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The electronic database searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases, covering literature up to April 20, 2023. A random-effects model was used to obtain the main effect estimates, with a mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect size summary. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) tool. RESULTS A total of 63 randomized controlled trials comparing isoflavone interventions (n = 4,754) and placebo (n = 4,272) were included. The results indicated that isoflavone interventions significantly improved BMD at the lumbar spine (MD = 0.0175 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.0088 to 0.0263, P < 0.0001), femoral neck (MD = 0.0172 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.0046 to 0.0298, P = 0.0073), and distal radius (MD = 0.0138 g/cm2; 95% CI, 0.0077 to 0.0198, P < 0.0001) in postmenopausal women. Subgroup analysis showed that the isoflavone intervention was effective for improving BMD when the duration was ≥ 12 months and when the intervention contained genistein of at least 50 mg/day. CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that isoflavone interventions, especially those containing genistein of at least 50 mg/day, can effectively enhance BMD in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanon Inpan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wannachai Sakuludomkan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nahathai Dukaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supanimit Teekachunhatean
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Clinical Research Center for Food and Herbal Product Trials and Development (CR-FAH), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Miedziaszczyk M, Maciejewski A, Idasiak-Piechocka I, Karczewski M, Lacka K. Effects of Isoflavonoid and Vitamin D Synergism on Bone Mineral Density-A Systematic and Critical Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5014. [PMID: 38140273 PMCID: PMC10745652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal plant compounds, which bind to α and β estrogen receptors, thereby causing specific effects. The best-known group of phytoestrogens are flavonoids, including isoflavonoids-genistein and daidzein. They play a role in the metabolism of bone tissue, improving its density and preventing bone loss, which contributes to reducing the risk of fractures. Vitamin D is found in the form of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and is traditionally recognized as a regulator of bone metabolism. The aim of this review was to evaluate the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids and vitamin D on bone mineral density (BMD). The MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched independently by two authors. The search strategy included controlled vocabulary and keywords. Reference publications did not provide consistent data regarding the synergistic effect of isoflavonoids on BMD. Some studies demonstrated a positive synergistic effect of these compounds, whereas in others, the authors did not observe any significant differences. Therefore, further research on the synergism of isoflavonoids and vitamin D may contribute to a significant progress in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Miedziaszczyk
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Adam Maciejewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ilona Idasiak-Piechocka
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (M.M.); (I.I.-P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Lacka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
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Dong JJ, Ma JY, Yang WY, Cai W, Wu WH. Characterization of the volatile profile and its estrogenic activity in Kadsura coccinea fruit. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116341. [PMID: 36889418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fruit of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith is an ethnomedicine used to treat abnormal menstruation, menopausal syndrome, and female infertility among the Dong Nationality in China. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed to identify the volatile oil profiles of the K. coccinea fruit and elucidate their estrogenic activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The peel volatile oil (PeO), pulp volatile oil (PuO), and seed volatile oil (SeO) of K. coccinea were extracted using hydrodistillation and qualitatively analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Estrogenic activity was evaluated in vitro using cell assay and in vivo using immature female rats. Serum 17β-Estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were detected using ELISA. RESULTS In total, 46 PeO, 27 PuO, and 42 SeO components representing 89.96%, 90.19%, and 97% of the total composition, respectively, were identified. The compounds with the highest content in PeO, PuO, and SeO were β-caryophyllene, γ-amorphene, and n-hexadecanoic acid, respectively. PeO induced proliferation of MCF-7 cells with an EC50 of 7.40 μg/mL. Subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg PeO significantly increased the weight of the uteri in immature female rats, with no effect on serum E2 and FSH levels. PeO acted as an agonist of ERα and ERβ. PuO and SeO showed no estrogenic activity. CONCLUSION The chemical compositions of PeO, PuO, and SeO of K. coccinea are different. PeO is the main effective fraction for estrogenic activities, providing a new source of phytoestrogen for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie-Yao Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Wei-Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China.
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DiStefano JK. The Role of Choline, Soy Isoflavones, and Probiotics as Adjuvant Treatments in the Prevention and Management of NAFLD in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:2670. [PMID: 37375574 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition among postmenopausal women that can lead to severe liver dysfunction and increased mortality. In recent years, research has focused on identifying potential lifestyle dietary interventions that may prevent or treat NAFLD in this population. Due to the complex and multifactorial nature of NAFLD in postmenopausal women, the disease can present as different subtypes, with varying levels of clinical presentation and variable treatment responses. By recognizing the significant heterogeneity of NAFLD in postmenopausal women, it may be possible to identify specific subsets of individuals who may benefit from targeted nutritional interventions. The purpose of this review was to examine the current evidence supporting the role of three specific nutritional factors-choline, soy isoflavones, and probiotics-as potential nutritional adjuvants in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD in postmenopausal women. There is promising evidence supporting the potential benefits of these nutritional factors for NAFLD prevention and treatment, particularly in postmenopausal women, and further research is warranted to confirm their effectiveness in alleviating hepatic steatosis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K DiStefano
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Research Unit, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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