1
|
Shen B, Wen Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Chen J, Yang J, Zhao C, Wang J. Paeonol ameliorates hyperlipidemia and autophagy in mice by regulating Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155839. [PMID: 38943694 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, inadequate diet, and excessive medication increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Paeonl (Pae), a phenolic compound found in Peony and Angelica dahurica, can alleviate lipid metabolism disorders and lipotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism of Pae alleviating hyperlipidemia remains unclear and needs to be further explored. PURPOSE In this study, we explored whether Pae can prevent hyperlipidemia and investigated the molecular mechanisms. METHODS The effects of Pae (30, 45, 60mg·kg-1) on hyperlipidemia in Tyloapol-induced WT mice and Nrf2 knockout mice (Pae: 60mg·kg-1) were detected by oil red O staining, HE staining, TG, TC and other indexes. The expression levels of proinflammatory mediators, key lipid proteins and autophagy signaling pathway proteins were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot and immunofluorescence. The molecular mechanism of Pae alleviating hyperlipidemia was explored through molecular docking technique and in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Several studies indicated that Pae effectively improved tyloxapol (Ty)-induced lipid metabolism disorder, as evidenced by decreased triglyceride content, increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) protein expression. In addition, Pae ameliorated hyperlipidemia by activating the AMPK/ACC and PI3K/mTOR pathways. Interestingly, the therapeutic effect of Pae on hyperlipidemia was markedly reduced in Nrf2-/- mice. Molecular docking results indicated that Pae and Nrf2 exhibited good binding ability, suggesting that Nrf2 is a core target mediating the effects of Pae in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Taken together, Pae alleviated hyperlipidemia in vivo and ameliorated lipid accumulation in vitro by activating AMPK/ACC and PI3K/mTOR signaling pathways via Nrf2 binding. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that paeonol can ameliorate hyperlipidemia and autophagy in mice by regulating Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR pathways, and it has potential therapeutic value in the occurrence and development of hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lhilali I, Zouine N, Godderis L, El Midaoui A, El Jaafari S, Filali-Zegzouti Y. Relationship between Vitamin D Insufficiency, Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Healthy Women Aged 18-50 Years. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2337-2357. [PMID: 39194949 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14080155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin D insufficiency has been correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are few data on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and atherogenic indices predictive of CVD. This study investigated the relationship of vitamin D status with lipid profile and atherogenic indices in adult women in Morocco. Three hundred women aged 18 to 50 years from Meknes were included. Fasting 25(OH)D and lipid concentrations were assayed by a one-step electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay and an enzymatic method, respectively. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Castelli risk indices I and II (CRI-I and II), and CHOLIndex (CI)) were calculated using conventional lipid parameters. Logistic regression models and operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to assess the relationship of the variables and estimate the threshold of 25(OH)D levels associated with high atherogenic indices. 25(OH) D below 20 ng/mL was significantly associated with an enhanced risk of hypertriglyceridemia and elevated values of AIP, AC, non-HDL-C, and CRI-I with an OR (95% CI) of 4.904 (1.856-12.959), 3.637 (2.149-6.158), 3.589 (1.673-7.700), 2.074 (1.215-3.540), and 2.481 (1.481-4.123), respectively. According to the ROC analysis, the likelihood of hypertriglyceridemia and high values of AIP, AC, non-HDL-C, and CRI-I were associated with 25(OH)D thresholds ≤15.15 ng/mL, ≤17.5 ng/mL, ≤19.8 ng/mL, ≤20.1 ng/mL, and ≤19.5 ng/mL, respectively, all p < 0.01. Based on the atherogenic indices, this study indicates that vitamin D below 20 ng/mL may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adult women. Additional health measures are essential to raise awareness among women and health professionals of preventing and controlling cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among young individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Lhilali
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Noura Zouine
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Health and Environment Unit, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Samir El Jaafari
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Younes Filali-Zegzouti
- Cluster of Competence Environment and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
- BASE Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fuentevilla-Álvarez G, Soto ME, Valdivia JAG, Torres-Paz YE, Sámano R, Perez-Torres I, Gamboa-Ávila R, Huesca-Gómez C. Comparison between the Friedewald, Martin and Sampson Equations and LDL-C Quantification by Ultracentrifugation in a Mexican Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1241. [PMID: 38928656 PMCID: PMC11203376 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14121241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which makes up about 70% of the cholesterol in the blood, is critical in the formation of arteriosclerotic plaques, increasing the risk of heart disease. LDL-C levels are estimated using Friedewald, Martin and Sampson equations, though they have limitations with high triglycerides. Our aim is to compare the effectiveness of these equations versus the ultracentrifugation technique in individuals with and without dyslipidemia and identify precision. There were 113 participants, 59 healthy controls and 54 dyslipidemic patients. Samples were collected after fasting. LDL-C was estimated using the Friedewald, Martin and Sampson equations. The purified LDL-C, ultracentrifugated and dialysized control group without dyslipidemia vs. patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) showed differences in age, HDL-C, triglycerides and glucose non-HDL-C (p = 0.001 in all). There were correlations in CGWD between ultracentrifugation and Sampson R-squared (R2) = 0.791. In the dyslipidemia control group, ultracentrifugation and Friedewald R2 = 0.911. In patients with CAD, correlation between ultracentrifugation and Sampson R2 = 0.892; Bland-Altman confirmed agreement in controls without dyslipidemia. The Martin and Sampson equations are interchangeable with ultracentrifugation. Conclusion: The role of LDL analysis using precise techniques is necessary to obtain better control of disease outcomes after the use of precise therapies and suggests verifying its importance through clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Fuentevilla-Álvarez
- The Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Juan Badiano Numero 1 Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - María Elena Soto
- Research Direction Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Juan Badiano Numero 1 Col Seccion XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Cardiovascular line in American British Cowdary (ABC) Medical Center Sur Sur 136 No. 116 Col. Las Américas, Mexico City 01120, Mexico
| | - José Antonio García Valdivia
- Phisiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.A.G.V.); (Y.E.T.-P.); (R.G.-Á.)
| | - Yazmín Estela Torres-Paz
- Phisiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.A.G.V.); (Y.E.T.-P.); (R.G.-Á.)
| | - Reyna Sámano
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Israel Perez-Torres
- Cardiovascular Biomedicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Gamboa-Ávila
- Phisiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.A.G.V.); (Y.E.T.-P.); (R.G.-Á.)
| | - Claudia Huesca-Gómez
- Phisiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1. Col. Sección XVI, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.A.G.V.); (Y.E.T.-P.); (R.G.-Á.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nair L, Asuzu P, Dagogo-Jack S. Ethnic Disparities in the Risk Factors, Morbidity, and Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae116. [PMID: 38911352 PMCID: PMC11192623 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. Compared with European Americans, African Americans have more favorable lipid profiles, as indicated by higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lower triglycerides, and less dense low-density lipoprotein particles. The less atherogenic lipid profile translates to lower incidence and prevalence of CVD in African Americans with diabetes, despite higher rates of hypertension and obesity. However, African Americans with CVD experience worse clinical outcomes, including higher mortality, compared with European Americans. This mini-review summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, mechanisms, and management of CVD in people with diabetes, focusing on possible factors underlying the "African American CVD paradox" (lower CVD incidence/prevalence but worse outcomes). Although the reasons for the disparities in CVD outcomes remain to be fully elucidated, we present a critical appraisal of the roles of suboptimal control of risk factors, inequities in care delivery, several biological factors, and psychosocial stress. We identify gaps in current knowledge and propose areas for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Nair
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Peace Asuzu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sam Dagogo-Jack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li L, Wang C, Ye Z, Van Spall HGC, Zhang J, Lip GYH, Li G. Association Between Remnant Cholesterol and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: Population-Based Evidence From a Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033840. [PMID: 38761084 PMCID: PMC11179806 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) risk remains sparse and limited. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were enrolled between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to 2021. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the relationship between RC quartiles and risk of incident AF. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential modification of the association and the robustness of the main findings. A total of 422 316 participants (mean age, 56 years; 54% women) were included for analyses. During a median follow-up of 11.9 years (first quartile-third quartile, 11.6-13.2 years), there were 24 774 AF events documented with an incidence of 4.92 events per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 4.86-4.98). Participants in higher RC quartiles had a lower risk of incident AF than those in the lowest quartile (first quartile): hazard ratio (HR)=0.96 (95% CI, 0.91-1.00) for second quartile; HR=0.92 (95% CI, 0.88-0.96) for third quartile; and HR=0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.89) for fourth quartile (P for trend <0.001). The association between RC quartiles and risk of incident AF was stronger in participants aged ≥65 years, in men, and in participants without history of diabetes when compared with control groups (P<0.001 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of data from this large-scale prospective cohort study, elevated RC was associated with a lower risk of incident AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Likang Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Chuangshi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Zebing Ye
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital Liverpool UK
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Guangzhou China
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sucato V, Comparato F, Ortello A, Galassi AR, Novo G. Residual Cardiovascular Risk: Role of Remnants Cholesterol, Monocyte/HDL Ratio and Lipoprotein Ratios on Personalized Cardiovascular Prevention. J Pers Med 2024; 14:460. [PMID: 38793042 PMCID: PMC11122230 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of death in the world and are subject to limitations in prevention strategies despite the use of very effective drugs. The concept of residual risk (RR) is intrinsically related to that of global risk of which it represents a very significant percentage. In the cardiovascular field, the term RR refers to the probability of incurring a major cardiovascular event, despite adequate control of the risk factors present in the individual patient. A significant portion of the RR in the cardiovascular field results from the underestimation of additional risk factors not subjected to adequate intervention such as, for example, triglyceride levels in patients treated for the presence of hypertension and/or hypercholesterolemia. The control of the RR therefore appears as an essential condition for the effective reduction of the global risk profile and is based on an integrated intervention that combines all the different prevention strategies derived from the available evidence and capable of interacting on the basis of a strengthening reciprocal between lifestyle and pharmacological and nutraceutical intervention methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sucato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) “G. D’Alessandro”, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.C.); (A.O.); (G.N.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramos-Lopez O, Santuario-Loera A. Low Dietary Betaine Intake Is Associated with Increased Blood Cholesterol in Mexican Subjects. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:819. [PMID: 38667581 PMCID: PMC11050001 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betaine, an osmolyte derivative of the metabolite choline and the amino acid glycine, acts as a methyl donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine and is involved in the maintenance of adequate lipid metabolism. There is growing evidence for the role of betaine in the development of various lipid-related diseases, including dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to analyze associations between betaine intake and blood lipid profiles in Mexican subjects. METHODS A total of 212 adults were randomly recruited in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Betaine intake was estimated using Nutritionist Pro software. Body composition and metabolic measurements were obtained by conventional methods. In the total sample, the average intake of betaine was 14.32 mg/d. Individuals were categorized into three groups according to tertiles of betaine consumption: tertile/group 1 (<4.16 mg/d), tertile/group 2 (4.16-12.02 mg/d), and tertile/group 3 (>12.02 mg/d). RESULTS Compared to group 3, subjects within group 1 had higher serum levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.001), LDL-c (p = 0.026), and non-HDL-c (p = 0.021). In addition, significant negative Pearson correlations were found between betaine intake and the serum levels of total cholesterol (r = -0.432, 95% CI, -0.684, -0.185, p = 0.001), LDL-c (r = -0.370, 95% CI, -0.606, -0.134, p = 0.002), and non-HDL-c (r = -0.351, 95%CI, -0.604, -0.098, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that a low intake of betaine is associated with elevated blood cholesterol levels in Mexican subjects. On this basis, betaine consumption could be used as an additional dietary measure for cardiovascular care. However, additional studies are required to confirm our results in other Mexican regions as well as in other populations worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Baja California, Mexico;
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amini MR, Rasaei N, Jalalzadeh M, Akhgarjand C, Hashemian M, Jalali P, Hekmatdoost A. The effects of Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1028-1043. [PMID: 38151892 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Garcinia cambogia (GC) has antioxidant, anticancer, antihistamine, and antimicrobial properties. To determine the effect of GC on lipid profiles, a systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out. Up to February 9, 2023, six electronic databases (Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched at any time without limitations. Trials examining the impact of GC on serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in adults were included. The total effect was shown as a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random-effects meta-analysis approach. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 14 trials involving 623 subjects. Plasma levels of TC (WMD: -6.76 mg/dL; CI: -12.39 to -0.59, p-value = 0.032), and TG (WMD: -24.21 mg/dL; CI: -37.84 to -10.58, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced after GC use, and plasma HDL-C (WMD: 2.95 mg/dL; CI: 2.01 to 3.89, p < 0.001) levels increased. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (WMD: -1.15 mg/dL; CI: -16.08 to 13.78, p-value = 0.880) were not significantly affected. The effects of lowering TC and TG were more pronounced for periods longer than 8 weeks. Consuming GC has a positive impact on TC, TG, and HDL-C concentrations. The limitations of this study include the short duration of analyzed interventions and significant heterogeneity. Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct well-structured, and high-quality long-term trials to comprehensively evaluate the clinical effectiveness of GC on lipid profile, and validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Moharam Jalalzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Camellia Akhgarjand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Epidemiology and Community Health Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parisa Jalali
- Student Research Committee, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dai Y, Qiu C, Zhang D, Li M, Liu W. Yam Gruel alone and in combination with metformin regulates hepatic lipid metabolism disorders in a diabetic rat model by activating the AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 pathway. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 38273354 PMCID: PMC10809441 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As independent and correctable risk factors, disturbances in lipid metabolism are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This research investigated the mechanism underlying the lipid-regulating effects of Yam Gruel in diabetic rats. METHODS First, rats in the control group were given a normal diet, and a diabetic rat model was established via the consumption of a diet that was rich in both fat and sugar for six weeks followed by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). After the model was established, the rats were divided into five distinct groups: the control group, model group, Yam Gruel (SYZ) group, metformin (MET) group, and combined group; each treatment was administered for six weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), body and liver weights as well as liver index of the rats were determined. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartic acid transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were measured. Oil Red O staining was used to assess hepatic steatosis. In addition, the levels of Phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Phospho-AMPK (p-AMPK), carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT-1), and Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) in liver tissues were measured by real-time PCR (q-PCR) and western blotting. RESULTS After 6 weeks of treatment, Yam Gruel alone or in combination with metformin significantly reduced FBG level, liver weight and index. The concentrations of lipid indices (TG, TC, NEFA, and LDL-C), the levels of liver function indices (ALT and AST) and the degree of hepatic steatosis was improved in diabetic rats that were treated with Yam Gruel with or without metformin. Furthermore, Yam Gruel increased the protein levels of p-ACC/ACC, p-AMPK/AMPK, MLYCD, and CPT-1, which was consistent with the observed changes in gene expression. Additionally, the combination of these two agents was significantly more effective in upregulating the expression of AMPK pathway-related genes and proteins. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that Yam Gruel may be a potential diet therapy for improving lipid metabolism in T2DM patients and that it may exert its effects via AMPK/ACC/CPT-1 pathway activation. In some respects, the combination of Yam Gruel and metformin exerted more benefits effects than Yam Gruel alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Dai
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Endocrine, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Diandian Zhang
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Mianli Li
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Weinan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dyńka D, Kowalcze K, Charuta A, Paziewska A. The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3368. [PMID: 37571305 PMCID: PMC10421332 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available. The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide "rescue fuel" for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (D.D.); (K.K.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|