The Associations between Insomnia Severity and Health Outcomes in the United States

Fading Focus: Addressing the Association Between Challenge Stressors, Role Blurring, Insomnia, Fatigue, and Workplace Cognitive Failure

The primary goal of the present study is to inspect the plausible job-related (i.e., challenge stressors and role blurring) and individual factors (i.e., fatigue and insomnia) that potentially lead to work-related cognitive failures among healthcare staff. Through the judgmental sampling technique, data was collected from healthcare personnel in Iran. The results revealed that challenge stressors in the form of time pressure, job responsibility, and work overload are significantly related to role blurring. Moreover, role blurring increases fatigue and insomnia among medical staff, and both insomnia and fatigue cause workplace cognitive failure. The results also confirm the mediation effect of role blurring in the association between challenge stressors, insomnia, and fatigue. According to the results, insomnia and fatigue similarly mediate the role blurring on workplace cognitive failure association. Theoretical implications, useful suggestions for practitioners, and prospective research avenues are debated in the study.

Recent Stressful Life Events and Perceived Stress as Serial Mediators of the Association between Adverse Childhood Events and Insomnia

Insomnia is common in college students and linked to poorer mental and physical health. There is growing evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may contribute to insomnia in adulthood. However, beyond the need for additional replication of these findings, there is a need to identify underlying mechanisms that plausibly connect the two experiences. Based on a serial mediation model, the current study examined the role of two theoretically informed mediators: recent stressful life events and perceived stress. A cross-sectional survey of 2,218 college students at a large university in the southwestern United States was conducted between August 2020 and December 2021. The sample was predominantly Hispanic (96%) and female (73%), with a mean age of 20.7 years. Standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences, recent stressful life events, perceived stress, and insomnia were administered to participants online. Almost 20% of participants reported having experienced four or more adverse childhood experiences and 63% met the threshold for insomnia. Reporting four or more ACEs was associated with significantly greater insomnia severity, and this relationship was serially mediated by both recent stressful life events and perceived stress. However, recent stressful life events appeared to be the most powerful mediator. The results of the current study indicate that recent exposure to stressful life events serves as a plausible mechanism linking early adversity during childhood to adult insomnia and could therefore serve as a potential target for intervention. The findings suggest that students would benefit from university-wide efforts to reduce the number and/or intensity of common stressors.

The relationship between gut microbiota and insomnia: a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization research

Introduction

Insomnia is the second most common mental health issue, also is a social and financial burden. Insomnia affects the balance between sleep, the immune system, and the central nervous system, which may raise the risk of different systemic disorders. The gut microbiota, referred to as the "second genome," has the ability to control host homeostasis. It has been discovered that disruption of the gut-brain axis is linked to insomnia.

Methods

In this study, we conducted MR analysis between large-scale GWAS data of GMs and insomnia to uncover potential associations.

Results

Ten GM taxa were detected to have causal associations with insomnia. Among them, class Negativicutes, genus Clostridiuminnocuumgroup, genus Dorea, genus Lachnoclostridium, genus Prevotella7, and order Selenomonadalesare were linked to a higher risk of insomnia. In reverse MR analysis, we discovered a causal link between insomnia and six other GM taxa.

Conclusion

It suggested that the relationship between insomnia and intestinal flora was convoluted. Our findings may offer beneficial biomarkers for disease development and prospective candidate treatment targets for insomnia.

A Pilot Nurse-Administered CBT Intervention for Insomnia in Patients with Schizophrenic Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Effectiveness Trial

Insomnia is a highly prevalent disorder among the population with schizophrenia and has a significant impact on their quality of life. Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT) have shown effectiveness in the treatment of insomnia in the general population. The aim of this this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a group intervention led by nurses in an outpatient mental health centre. The group work combined cognitive behavioural and psychoeducational therapeutic interventions to improve insomnia in patients with schizophrenic disorder and their health-related quality of life. This randomized clinical trial included intervention and control groups with follow-up assessments at 6 and 9 months, using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) scales. The inclusion criteria were as follows: over 18 years of age, diagnosis of schizophrenia, and a score of >7 on the ISI scale. The total sample was 40 participants. The ISI scale showed a mean difference of 3.63 (CI 95%: 2.02-5.23) (p = 0.000) and 4.10 (CI 95%: 2.45-5.75) (p = 0.000) and a large effect size (F: 28.36; p = 0.000; ηp2: 0.427). Regarding the PSQI scale, the mean difference was 3.00 (CI 95%: 1.53-4.49) (p = 0.000) and 2.30 (CI 95%: 0.85-3.75) (p = 0.000), with a medium effect size (F: 18.31; p = 0.000 ηp2: 0.325). The EQ-VAS scale showed a difference in mean scores between the groups of 10.48 (CI 95%: -19.66--1.29) (p = 0.027). CBT adapted for populations with mental disorders, carried out by nurses, is effective in improving insomnia and health-related quality of life.