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Matys J, Kensy J, Gedrange T, Zawiślak I, Grzech-Leśniak K, Dobrzyński M. A Molecular Approach for Detecting Bacteria and Fungi in Healthcare Environment Aerosols: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4154. [PMID: 38673740 PMCID: PMC11050369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular methods have become integral to microbiological research for microbial identification. This literature review focuses on the application of molecular methods in examining airborne bacteria and fungi in healthcare facilities. In January 2024, a comprehensive electronic search was carried out in esteemed databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, employing carefully selected keywords such as ((bacteria) OR (virus) OR (fungi)) AND (aerosol) AND ((hospital) OR (healthcare) OR (dental office)) AND ((molecular) OR (PCR) OR (NGS) OR (RNA) OR (DNA) OR (metagenomic) OR (microarray)), following the PRISMA protocol. The review specifically targets healthcare environments with elevated concentrations of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 487 articles were initially identified, but only 13 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The study disclosed that the prevalent molecular methodology for appraising aerosol quality encompassed the utilization of the PCR method, incorporating either 16S rRNA (bacteria) or 18S rRNA (fungi) amplification techniques. Notably, five diverse molecular techniques, specifically PFGE, DGGE, SBT, LAMP, and DNA hybridization methods, were implemented in five distinct studies. These molecular tests exhibited superior capabilities compared to traditional bacterial and fungal cultures, providing precise strain identification. Additionally, the molecular methods allowed the detection of gene sequences associated with antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, molecular testing offers significant advantages over classical microbiological culture, providing more comprehensive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matys
- Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Julia Kensy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Ireneusz Zawiślak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (K.G.-L.)
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland;
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Matys J, Gedrange T, Dominiak M, Grzech-Leśniak K. The Impact of Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2) Fumigation on Bacterial Levels in Dental Office Environments: A Randomized Clinical Trial Investigation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7551. [PMID: 38137619 PMCID: PMC10743773 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumigation with hydrogen peroxide has proven to be a highly effective approach to maintaining biological safety within dental offices. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) fumigation in reducing bacterial levels in dental office environments. METHODS The study involved 30 participants diagnosed with moderate caries decay (ICDAS 3 and 4) in their mandibular molars. Sixty Petri dishes (two per patient) with Columbia Agar and 5% Sheep Blood were opened at the beginning of the caries treatment. After the completion of caries treatment and tooth restoration, 30 plates (G1 group) were closed. Following this, a 20 min fumigation procedure with 6% hydrogen peroxide biosanitizer using a compressed air device was conducted. After the fumigation, the remaining plates were closed (G2 group). The total number of bacteria CFUs (colony-forming units) in the dental office air was determined using the Koch sedimentation method. RESULTS The total bacterial colony (TBC) level, measured in cfu/m3, demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of bacteria following room environment fumigation (163.1 ± 145.7; G2 group) compared to non-fumigated samples (817.2 ± 208.2; G1 group) (p < 0.001). The predominant bacteria observed in the microbiological plates before fumigation were Micrococcus and Bacillus species, found in 80% (24/30) and 60% (18/30) of the plates, respectively. Application of H2O2 room fumigation resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial numbers: 79.2% (5/30) for Micrococcus species (p < 0.001), 83.3% (3/30) for Bacillus species (p < 0.001), and 100% (0/30) for Staphylococcus arlettae (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Fumigation with 6% H2O2 is an effective method for reducing bacterial counts in a dental office environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matys
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.-L.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.-L.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (M.D.); (K.G.-L.)
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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Malmgren R, Välimaa H, Oksanen L, Sanmark E, Nikuri P, Heikkilä P, Hakala J, Ahola A, Yli-Urpo S, Palomäki V, Asmi E, Sofieva S, Rostedt A, Laitinen S, Romantschuk M, Sironen T, Atanasova N, Paju S, Lahdentausta-Suomalainen L. High-volume evacuation mitigates viral aerosol spread in dental procedures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18984. [PMID: 37923796 PMCID: PMC10624893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental healthcare personnel (DHCP) are subjected to microbe-containing aerosols and splatters in their everyday work. Safer work conditions must be developed to ensure the functioning of the healthcare system. By simulating dental procedures, we aimed to compare the virus-containing aerosol generation of four common dental instruments, and high-volume evacuation (HVE) in their mitigation. Moreover, we combined the detection of infectious viruses with RT-qPCR to form a fuller view of virus-containing aerosol spread in dental procedures. The air-water syringe produced the highest number of aerosols. HVE greatly reduced aerosol concentrations during procedures. The air-water syringe spread infectious virus-containing aerosols throughout the room, while other instruments only did so to close proximity. Additionally, infectious viruses were detected on the face shields of DHCP. Virus genomes were detected throughout the room with all instruments, indicating that more resilient viruses might remain infectious and pose a health hazard. HVE reduced the spread of both infectious viruses and viral genomes, however, it did not fully prevent them. We recommend meticulous use of HVE, a well-fitting mask and face shields in dental procedures. We advise particular caution when operating with the air-water syringe. Due to limited repetitions, this study should be considered a proof-of-concept report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Malmgren
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanna Välimaa
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmanninkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmanninkatu 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Vaccine Research Center MeVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Annankatu 32, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Oksanen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Enni Sanmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Nikuri
- Helsinki University Hospital, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paavo Heikkilä
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Hakala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Visiokatu 4, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aleksi Ahola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmanninkatu 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simeoni Yli-Urpo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmanninkatu 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Palomäki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmanninkatu 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Asmi
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetlana Sofieva
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Rostedt
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sirpa Laitinen
- Occupational Safety, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Neulaniementie 4, 70210, Kupio, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Haartmanninkatu 3, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Atanasova
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin Aukio 1, 00560, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmanninkatu 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Lahdentausta-Suomalainen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmanninkatu 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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