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Zahedi AS, Zarkesh M, Sedaghati-khayat B, Hedayati M, Azizi F, Daneshpour MS. Insulin resistance-related circulating predictive markers in the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review in the Iranian population. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:199-213. [PMID: 38932859 PMCID: PMC11196549 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Specific biomarkers for metabolic syndrome (MetS) may improve diagnostic specificity for clinical information. One of the main pathophysiological mechanisms of MetS is insulin resistance (IR). This systematic review aimed to summarize IR-related biomarkers that predict MetS and have been investigated in Iranian populations. Methods An electronic literature search was done using the PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2022. The risk of bias was assessed for the selected articles using the instrument suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). This systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022372415). Results Among the reviewed articles, 46 studies investigated the association between IR biomarkers and MetS in the Iranian population. The selected studies were published between 2009 and 2022, with the majority being conducted on adults and seven on children and adolescents. The adult treatment panel III (ATP III) was the most commonly used criteria to define MetS. At least four studies were conducted for each IR biomarker, with LDL-C being the most frequently evaluated biomarker. Some studies have assessed the diagnostic potency of markers using the area under the curve (AUC) with sensitivity, specificity, and an optimal cut-off value. Among the reported values, lipid ratios and the difference between non-HDL-C and LDL-C levels showed the highest AUCs (≥ 0.80) for predicting MetS. Conclusions Considering the findings of the reviewed studies, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, HbA1c, and visfatin levels were positively associated with MetS, whereas adiponectin and ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with this syndrome. Among the investigated IR biomarkers, the association between adiponectin levels and components of MetS was well established. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01347-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Sedaghati-khayat
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Giannini C, Polidori N, Neri CR, D'Adamo E, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Gut Hormones Secretion across Clusters of Metabolic Syndrome in Prepubertal Children with Obesity. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:339-346. [PMID: 35580566 DOI: 10.1159/000524830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) represents a common dysmetabolic state in children with obesity. Although data in youth show a role of gut hormones (GH) in the risk of developing MetS, no data are available during the prepubertal age, especially across clusters of MetS. METHODS We characterized components of MetS and changes in GH concentrations in 90 prepubertal children with obesity compared to 30 healthy age- and gender-matched peers. Children with obesity were divided into three groups according to the number of the components of MetS (group 1: 30 obese without components of MetS; group 2: 30 obese with 1 component of MetS; group 3: 30 obese with 2 or more components of MetS). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), fasting insulin and glycemia, lipid profile, transaminases, and GH concentration were determined. Differences across the groups were evaluated by the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc analysis by Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Fasting glycemia and insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and BP progressively increased and high-density lipoprotein progressively decreased across the groups of children with obesity compared to controls, showing worse values in group 3. GLP-1 and ghrelin values progressively decreased and obestatin progressively increased. The more components of the MetS were present, the further GH concentrations deviated from standard values. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Components of MetS and GH concentrations are impaired in prepubertal children with obesity compared to controls. The close association between progressive alterations in GH levels and increasing number of components of the MetS might indicate a role of these hormones in the determination of metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Giannini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nella Polidori
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Ebe D'Adamo
- Department of Neonatology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Zeinalian R, Arman Moghadam D, Pahlavani N, Roshanravan N, Alizadeh M, Jabbari M, Kheirouri S. Investigation of the association between cardio-metabolic risk factors, neurotrophins and gastric hormones among apparently healthy women: A cross-sectional analysis. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2022; 14:53-60. [PMID: 35620753 PMCID: PMC9106944 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2022.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although, some evidence has shown that obestatin, ghrelin, and neurotrophic factors can be involved in the development of cardio-metabolic risk factors, there are some contradictions in this regard. We aimed to investigate the association of serum neurotrophic factors and some gastric hormones with cardio-metabolic risk factors among apparently healthy women.
Methods: In the present study, 90 apparently healthy women were recruited by a convenient sampling method from the nutrition counseling clinic in Tabriz, Iran. All participants need dietary counseling for weight loss and were recruited before receiving any dietary interventions. Anthropometric, biochemical, physical activity, and blood pressure (BP) measurements, as well as dietary assessment, were done in all participants.
Results: Women who were in the highest tertile of serum obestatin levels (OR=0.118, 95% CI:0.035-0.396) had a significantly lower risk for development of hypertriglyceridemia compared to the reference group (Ptrend < 0.001). Participants in the highest tertile of serum ghrelin had a significant lower risk of hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, and MetS (Ptrend < 0.05). Women who were in the higher tertile of serum NGF levels had a significantly lower risk for development of hypertriglyceridemia after adjustment for potential confounding variables (OR=0.091, 95% CI: 0.023-0.361 and OR=0.193, 95% CI: 0.057-0.649 respectively).
Conclusion: In the current study serum levels of obestatin, NGF, and ghrelin were associated with some cardio-metabolic risk factors such as hypertriglyceridemia and MetS. It seems that these factors are associated with metabolic regulation. However, further studies are needed to substantiate this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Zeinalian
- Department of Nutrition in Community, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dorsa Arman Moghadam
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Industry, Department of Community Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sitar-Tǎut AV, Cozma A, Fodor A, Coste SC, Orasan OH, Negrean V, Pop D, Sitar-Tǎut DA. New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111657. [PMID: 34829886 PMCID: PMC8615809 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ, however, there are still many questions regarding the roles of adipokines—leptin and ghrelin being two adipokines. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the adipokines and their ratio with obesity and diabetes. Methods: Sixty patients (mean age 61.88 ± 10.08) were evaluated. Cardiovascular risk factors, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin resistance score values were assessed. The patients were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, overweight, and obese. Results: 20% normal weight, 51.7% overweight, 28.3% obese, and 23.3% diabetic. Obese patients had higher leptin values (in obese 34,360 pg/mL vs. overweight 18,000 pg/mL vs. normal weight 14,350 pg/mL, p = 0.0049) and leptin/ghrelin ratio (1055 ± 641 vs. 771.36 ± 921 vs. 370.7 ± 257, p = 0.0228). Stratifying the analyses according to the presence of obesity and patients’ gender, differences were found for leptin (p = 0.0020 in women, p = 0.0055 in men) and leptin/ghrelin ratio (p = 0.048 in women, p = 0.004 in men). Mean leptin/BMI and leptin/ghrelin/BMI ratios were significantly higher, and the ghrelin/BMI ratio was significantly lower in obese and diabetic patients. In conclusion, obesity and diabetes are associated with changes not only in the total amount but also in the level of adipokines/kg/m2. Changes appear even in overweight subjects, offering a basis for early intervention in diabetic and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tǎut
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Cozma
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sorina-Cezara Coste
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orasan
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Dana Pop
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dan-Andrei Sitar-Tǎut
- Business Information Systems Department, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 58-60 Theodor Mihaly Street, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Anderson KC, Zieff G, Paterson C, Stoner L, Weltman A, Allen JD. The effect of acute exercise on pre-prandial ghrelin levels in healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Peptides 2021; 145:170625. [PMID: 34391825 PMCID: PMC9246254 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is a gut hormone with numerous physiological effects, including the regulation of energy balance, insulin sensitivity, vascular health, and body composition. Acylated (AG) and des-acylated (DAG) ghrelin constitute approximately 22 % and 78 % of total plasma ghrelin (TG), respectively. Alterations in the TG concentration and the AG/DAG ratio may be implicated in conditions involving energy imbalances and insulin resistant states (e.g., metabolic syndrome or Type 2 diabetes mellitus). Exercise is a therapeutic option that can potentially optimize ghrelin levels. Understanding the precise intensity and dose of exercise to optimize ghrelin levels may lead to targeted interventions to restore metabolic regulation in obesity and other clinical conditions. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of acute exercise on pre-prandial levels of TG, AG, and DAG in healthy adults and to determine if sample demographics or exercise doses moderate such effects. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched with articles published through August 2020. The following criteria was determined a priori for article inclusion: (i) the study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT),(ii) exercise was an acute bout, (iii) the exercise bout for the intervention group(s)/condition was structured, (iv) the control group/condition received no exercise, (v) participants were adults age 18 or older, (vi) ghrelin was sampled through blood, (vii) there was at least one baseline measure and one post-exercise measure of ghrelin, (viii) there were at least 3 timepoints where ghrelin was measured while participants were fasted to allow for pre-prandial total area-under-the-curve (AUCtotal) calculation, (ix) participants were healthy with no overt disease, (x) interventions were carried out without any environmental manipulations. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidence intervals were calculated using the restricted maximum likelihood estimation Moderator analyses to determine whether the overall pooled effect was influenced by: sex, ghrelin form, method of ghrelin analysis, age, body mass index, body fat percentage, fitness, intensity of exercise bout, duration of exercise bout, energy expenditure, and length of AUCtotal data. RESULTS The analysis included 24 studies that consisted of 52 trials, n = 504 (age 27.0 (8.8) years, BMI 24.7 (2.7) kg/m2) and measured AG (n = 38 trials), DAG (n = 7), and TG (n = 7). The overall model indicated that exercise lowered ghrelin levels compared to control (no exercise); (SMD=-0.44, p < 0.001), and exercise intensity exhibited an inverse relationship with ghrelin levels (regression coefficient (ß)=-0.016, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference by ghrelin form (p = 0.18). DISCUSSION Acute exercise significantly lowers plasma ghrelin levels, with higher intensity exercise associated with greater ghrelin suppression. The majority of studies applied a moderate intensity exercise bout and measured AG, with limited data on DAG. This exercise dose may be clinically significant in individuals with metabolic dysregulation and energy imbalance as a therapy to optimize AG levels. More work is needed to compare moderate and high intensity exercise and the ghrelin response in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara C Anderson
- Department of Kinesiology and School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel Zieff
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Craig Paterson
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology and School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jason D Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Angiopoietin-Like Proteins 2 and 3 in Children and Adolescents with Obesity and Their Relationship with Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Hypertens 2021; 2021:6748515. [PMID: 34422408 PMCID: PMC8376435 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6748515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is one of the adipocyte-derived inflammatory factors which connects obesity to insulin resistance. ANGPTL3 has a direct role in regulation of lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 in childhood obesity and their relationship with metabolic syndrome. Methods 70 children and adolescents, 35 obese and 35 normal-weight subjects, were enrolled in this research after complete clinical examination and anthropometric evaluations. Serum ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 and insulin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated and used to estimate insulin resistance (IR). Colorimetric methods were used for the assessment of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Results The levels of ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 were significantly higher in obese subjects than those in controls, but they did not differ significantly in subjects with or without IR. ANGPTL3 was found to be significantly elevated in obese children with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in comparison with those without MetS. Both of the studied ANGPTLs were positively correlated with BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TC, and LDL-C. The correlation between ANGPTL3 and either TC or LDL-C remained significant after adjusting for BMI. Conclusion Serum ANGPTL2 and ANGPTL3 were elevated in obesity and associated with blood pressure and indices of metabolic syndrome, suggesting that they might be involved in the advancement of obesity-related hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
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Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is the result of cellular troubles related to aerobic metabolism. Furthermore, this stress is always associated with biological responses evoked by physical, chemical, environmental, and psychological factors. Several studies have developed many approaches of antioxidant defense to diminish the severity of many diseases. Ghrelin was originally identified from the rat stomach, and it is a potent growth hormone-releasing peptide that has pleiotropic functions. Methods A systematic review was conducted within PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using keywords such as ghrelin, antioxidant, oxidative stress, and systemic oxidative stress sensor. Results In the last decade, many studies show that ghrelin exhibits protection effects against oxidative stress derived probably from its antioxidant effects. Pieces of evidence demonstrate that systemic oxidative stress increase ghrelin levels in the plasma. The expression of ghrelin and its receptor in ghrelin peripheral tissues and extensively in the central nervous system suggests that this endogenous peptide plays an important role as a systemic oxidative stress sensor Conclusion The current evidence confirms that ghrelin and its derived peptides (Desacyl-ghrelin, obestatin) act as a protective antioxidant agent. Therefore, stressor modality, duration, and intensity are the parameters of oxidative stress that must be taken into consideration to determine the role of ghrelin, Desacyl-ghrelin, and obestatin in the regulation of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Akki
- Department of Plant Protection and Environment, National School of Agriculture-Meknes/ENA, Meknes, Morocco.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Kawtar Raghay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Errami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Lu X, Huang L, Huang Z, Feng D, Clark RJ, Chen C. LEAP-2: An Emerging Endogenous Ghrelin Receptor Antagonist in the Pathophysiology of Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:717544. [PMID: 34512549 PMCID: PMC8428150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.717544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), originally described as an antimicrobial peptide, has recently been recognized as an endogenous blocker of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a). GHS-R1a, also known as ghrelin receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) widely distributed on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland where it exerts its major functions of regulating appetite and growth hormone (GH) secretion. The activity of GHS-R1a is controlled by two counter-regulatory endogenous ligands: Ghrelin (activation) and LEAP-2 (inhibition). Ghrelin activates GHS-R1a on the neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP) neurons at the arcuate nucleus (ARC) to promote appetite, and on the pituitary somatotrophs to stimulate GH release. On the flip side, LEAP-2, acts both as an endogenous competitive antagonist of ghrelin and an inverse agonist of constitutive GHS-R1a activity. Such a biological property of LEAP-2 vigorously blocks ghrelin's effects on food intake and hormonal secretion. In circulation, LEAP-2 displays an inverse pattern as to ghrelin; it increases with food intake and obesity (positive energy balance), whereas decreases upon fasting and weight loss (negative energy balance). Thus, the LEAP-2/ghrelin molar ratio fluctuates in response to energy status and modulation of this ratio conversely influences energy intake. Inhibiting ghrelin's activity has shown beneficial effects on obesity in preclinical experiments, which sheds light on LEAP-2's anti-obesity potential. In this review, we will analyze LEAP-2's effects from a metabolic point of view with a focus on metabolic hormones (e.g., ghrelin, GH, and insulin), and discuss LEAP-2's potential as a promising therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Lu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhengxiang Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dandan Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Richard J. Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Chen Chen,
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Sitar-Taut AV, Coste SC, Tarmure S, Orasan OH, Fodor A, Negrean V, Pop D, Zdrenghea D, Login C, Tiperciuc B, Cozma A. Diabetes and Obesity-Cumulative or Complementary Effects On Adipokines, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092767. [PMID: 32858998 PMCID: PMC7564772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes and obesity are increasingly significant public health issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adipocytokines (leptin, ghrelin, and chemerin), inflammation (sVCAM1—soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1, sICAM1—soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and insulin resistance in the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Methods: 88 subjects, with a mean age of 61.96 ± 10.15 years, 75% of whom were women, were evaluated (in order to consider different associations between obesity and diabetes, subjects were categorized into four groups). Results: Overall, we found significant correlations between sICAM1-sVCAM1 rho = 0.426 and ghrelin-chemerin rho = −0.224. In the obesity + diabetes group, leptin correlated with sICAM1 rho = 0.786, and sVCAM1 negatively with glycemia/insulin rho = −0.85. Significant differences were found between the groups regarding sVCAM1 (p = 0.0134), leptin (p = 0.0265) and all insulin resistance scores, with differences influenced by the subjects’ gender. In conclusion, although there are currently many unknown aspects of the release and the role of various adipokines, in particular chemerin, its implication in early glucose metabolism dysregulation disorders seems very likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela-Viviana Sitar-Taut
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sorina Cezara Coste
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Simina Tarmure
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orasan
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic diseases, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania;
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Dana Pop
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dumitru Zdrenghea
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Cezar Login
- Department Physiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania;
| | - Brandusa Tiperciuc
- Department Pharmaceut Chem “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania;
| | - Angela Cozma
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
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Aly GS, Hassan NE, Anwar GM, Ahmed HH, El-Masry SA, El-Banna RA, Ahmed NH, Kamal AN, Tarkan RS. Ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio as potential mediators for food intake among obese children: a case control study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:199-204. [PMID: 31926094 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Ghrelin and obestatin are two gastric hormones encoded by the same preproghrelin gene that convey information concerning nutritional status to the central nervous system. Ghrelin has been considered as an appetite stimulating peptide that has a role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Obestatin has been described for its appetite suppressing effects opposing ghrelin's effect on food intake. The study aimed to evaluate ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio in obese children compared to non-obese and correlate them to food macronutrients intake. Methods This study is a cross-sectional case control study comprising 60 obese children, in addition to 31 age- and sex-matched controls. All children were subjected to clinical examination, anthropometric assessment, and a 3-day 24-h dietary recall. Fasting serum ghrelin and obestatin levels were evaluated, the ghrelin/obestatin ratio was calculated and they were correlated to macronutrients intake. Results Obese children had significantly lower serum fasting levels of ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio than the control group. The mean intake of total energy and macronutrients was significantly higher in obese children. Ghrelin showed positive correlation with total energy and fat intake in the obese group. Obestatin had positive correlations with total energy and fat intake while the ghrelin/obestatin ratio had a negative correlation with the total energy intake in the control group. Conclusions Ghrelin, obestatin and the ghrelin/obestatin ratio were significantly lower in obese children and significantly associated with their total energy intake. Disturbed ghrelin to obestatin balance may have a role in the etiology and pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal S Aly
- Medical Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayera E Hassan
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Anwar
- Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo University, Kasr AlAiny, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar A El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokia A El-Banna
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nihad H Ahmed
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayat N Kamal
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham S Tarkan
- Lecturer of Pediatrics, Medical Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Childhood Studies, Ain Shams University, 9 Ahmed Mekemar st, Nozha Gededa,Cairo, Egypt
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Porchas-Quijada M, Reyes-Castillo Z, Muñoz-Valle JF, Durán-Barragán S, Aguilera-Cervantes V, López-Espinoza A, Vázquez-Del Mercado M, Navarro-Meza M, López-Uriarte P. IgG Anti-ghrelin Immune Complexes Are Increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Under Biologic Therapy and Are Related to Clinical and Metabolic Markers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:252. [PMID: 31057488 PMCID: PMC6482250 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic alterations. The mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unclear. Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone with potent effects on food intake, body weight, metabolism, and immune response. Recent studies reported the presence of anti-ghrelin autoantibodies in healthy subjects and the levels and affinity of these autoantibodies were altered in anorectic and obese individuals. In this cross-sectional study we analyzed anti-ghrelin autoantibodies in RA patients and evaluated its relationship with clinical, body-composition and metabolic parameters. Clinical measurements of RA patients included the disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), inflammatory biomarkers, autoantibodies (RF and anti-CCP), body composition, glucose and lipid profile. Serum ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Free and total anti-ghrelin autoantibodies quantification (IgG and IgA isotypes) was performed by in-house ELISA. RA patients had lower IgG anti-ghrelin autoantibodies levels and higher immune complexes percentage (IgG+ghrelin) compared to the control group, while the IgA anti-ghrelin autoantibodies showed no significant differences. In the bivariate analysis, the percentage of IgG anti-ghrelin immune complexes positively correlated with BMI and ghrelin whereas in the multivariate regression model, the variables associated were DAS-28, body weight, visceral fat, LDL-C and TG (R 2 = 0.72). The percentage of IgA anti-ghrelin immune complexes positively correlated with RF and anti-CCP and the multivariate regression model showed an association with RF and body fat percentage (R 2 = 0.22). Our study shows an increased percentage of IgG anti-ghrelin immune complexes in RA patients despite ghrelin levels were similar in both groups, suggesting an increase in the affinity of these autoantibodies toward ghrelin. The associations found in the multiple regression analysis for anti-ghrelin immune complexes support the previously reported functions of these natural autoantibodies as carriers and modulators of the stability and physiological effect of the hormone. However, in RA both the disease activity and the RF appear to influence the formation of these anti-ghrelin immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mildren Porchas-Quijada
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Sergio Durán-Barragán
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica de Investigación en Reumatología y Obesidad, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Virginia Aguilera-Cervantes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
| | - Antonio López-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
| | - Mónica Vázquez-Del Mercado
- Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mónica Navarro-Meza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
| | - Patricia López-Uriarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, Mexico
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Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181061. [PMID: 30177523 PMCID: PMC6153372 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, an acylated peptide hormone of 28 amino acids, is an endogenous ligand of the released growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Ghrelin has been isolated from human and rat stomach and is also detected in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Ghrelin receptor is primarily located in the neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein neurons. Many previous studies have shown that ghrelin and GHSR are involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, and its administration can increase food intake and body weight gain. AMP-activated protein kinase is activated by ghrelin in the hypothalamus, which contributes to lower intracellular long-chain fatty acid level. Ghrelin appears to modulate the response to food cues via a neural network involved in the regulation of feeding and in the appetitive response to food cues. It also increases the response of brain areas involved in visual processing, attention, and memory to food pictures. Ghrelin is also an important factor linking the central nervous system with peripheral tissues that regulate lipid metabolism. It promotes adiposity by the activation of hypothalamic orexigenic neurons and stimulates the expression of fat storage-related proteins in adipocytes. Meanwhile, ghrelin exerts direct peripheral effects on lipid metabolism, including increase in white adipose tissue mass, stimulation of lipogenesis in the liver, and taste sensitivity modulation.
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13
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Yu AP, Ugwu FN, Tam BT, Lee PH, Lai CW, Wong CSC, Lam WW, Sheridan S, Siu PM. One Year of Yoga Training Alters Ghrelin Axis in Centrally Obese Adults With Metabolic Syndrome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1321. [PMID: 30294284 PMCID: PMC6158302 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multiplex cardiometabolic manifestation associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Yoga training has been shown to alleviate MetS. Recently, circulatory ghrelin profile was demonstrated to be associated with MetS. This study examined the effects of 1 year of yoga training on β-cell function and insulin resistance, and the involvement of metabolic peptides, including unacylated ghrelin (UnAG), acylated ghrelin (AG), obestatin, growth hormone (GH), and insulin, in the beneficial effects of yoga training in centrally obese adults with MetS. Methods: This was a follow up study, in which data of risk factors of MetS, physical performance tests [resting heart rate (HR), chair stand test (CS), chair sit and reach test (CSR), back scratch test (BS), and single leg stand tests (SLS)] and serum samples of 79 centrally obese MetS subjects aged 58 ± 8 years (39 subjects received 1-year yoga training and 40 subjects received no training) were retrieved for analyses. β-cell function and insulin resistance were examined by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). Circulating levels of UnAG, AG, obestatin, GH, and insulin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using fasting serum samples. Generalized estimating equation analysis and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to detect statistically significant differences between groups. Results: Waist circumference (WC) was significantly decreased after yoga intervention (control: +2%; yoga: -4%). Significant improvements in HR (control: +2%; yoga: -5%), CS (control: -1%; yoga: +24%), CSR left (control: worsen by 0.90 cm; yoga: improved by 4.21 cm), CSR right (control: worsen by 0.75 cm; yoga: improved by 4.28 cm), right side of BS (control: improved by 0.19 cm; yoga: improved by 4.31 cm), SLS left (control: -10%; yoga: +86%), and SLS right (control: -6%; yoga: +47%) were observed after 1-year yoga training. No significant difference was found between the two groups in insulin, HOMA indices, and disposition index. Yoga training significantly increased circulating GH (control: -3%; yoga: +22%), total circulating ghrelin (control: -26%; yoga: +13%), and UnAG (control: -27%; yoga: +14%), whereas decreased AG (control: -7%; yoga: -33%) and obestatin (control: +24%; yoga: -29%). Conclusion: One-year of yoga training modulated total ghrelin, UnAG, AG, obestatin, and GH while exerting beneficial effects on physical functions and central obesity in adults with MetS. The beneficial effects of yoga may be associated with the alteration of ghrelin gene product and GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus P. Yu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Felix N. Ugwu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Bjorn T. Tam
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Paul H. Lee
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher W. Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Cesar S. C. Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wendy W. Lam
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sinead Sheridan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Parco M. Siu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Liu SY, Huang CH, Shieh JC, Lee TL. Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira ethanol extracts prevents human liver-derived HepG2 cell death from oxidation stress by induction of ghrelin gene expression. J Biosci 2018; 42:439-448. [PMID: 29358557 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-017-9697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes patients associated with liver disease carry a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Cinnamon has been reported to reduce fructose-induced oxidative stress in the rat liver. However, the mechanism by which cinnamon protects the liver in a high-saccharide environment remains to be investigated. HepG2 cells were cultured with 30 mM D-ribose to mimic the high-oxidative-stress environment, typical of a liver in a diabetic patient. Three different chemical types of C. osmophloeum ethanol extracts (CEEs) were added in HepG2 culture media and the administration of all three CEEs protected HepG2 cells from D-ribose damage and increased cell survival by approximately 20 percent. Exclusively, the transcript variant 1 of the ghrelin gene, but not variant 3, was 2-3 times induced by the addition of these CEEs. Moreover, the mRNAs of ghrelin processing enzyme, furin, and mboat4 were detected in HepG2 cells. The ghrelin hormones in the culture media were increased 4-9 times by the addition of CEEs. The protective effects of ghrelin on HepG2 cells in D-ribose environment were further confirmed by recombinant ghrelin transfection. We conclude that the CEEs induce ghrelin gene expression and protect HepG2 cells from D-ribose-induced oxidative damage through ghrelin signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ying Liu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
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15
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Mohseni R, Arab Sadeghabadi Z, Goodarzi MT, Teimouri M, Nourbakhsh M, Razzaghy Azar M. Evaluation of Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase gene expression in childhood obesity: its association with insulin resistance. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:727-732. [PMID: 29953407 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating the strong superoxide radical and producing H2O2, which can then be degraded by catalase (CAT). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the gene expression antioxidant enzymes (Mn-SOD and CAT) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of obese and normal-weight children, and its association with anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Methods Thirty obese and 30 control subjects between the ages of 8 and 16 years were enrolled in this study. Serum insulin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Biochemical parameters were also measured. PBMCs of the subjects were separated and Mn-SOD and CAT gene expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Mn-SOD and CAT gene expression was significantly lower in the obese group compared with the control group (p<0.01). Also, a positive correlation was observed between the gene expression of Mn-SOD and CAT and body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar, insulin resistance, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Conclusions Induction of antioxidants, especially Mn-SOD and CAT, can lead to reduction of oxidative stress and prevent the complications of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Mohseni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran, Phone: +988138380462
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,H. Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Rahmani E, Akbarzadeh S, Broomand A, Torabi F, Motamed N, Zohrabi M. Serum Levels of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 and Obestatin in Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Normal Body Mass Index. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7070159. [PMID: 29932432 PMCID: PMC6069096 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7070159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of reproduction age and a major cause of anovulatory infertility. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development and durability of this disorder. ANGPTL2 is known as an inflammatory mediator derived from adipose tissue that links obesity to systemic insulin resistance, and obestatin has been identified as a hormone associated with insulin resistance that suppresses food reabsorption, inhibits gastric emptying and decreases weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of ANGPTL2 and obestatin in PCOS women with normal body mass index (BMI). Methods: In this case-control study, 26 PCOS women based on the Rotterdam 2003 diagnostic criteria as the case group and 26 women with normal menstrual cycles as the control group were enrolled. Serum levels of ANGPTL2, obestatin, insulin and other hormone factors related with PCOS were measured by ELISA method and biochemical parameters were measured by an autoanalyzer. Data were analyzed by independent samples-T test, Chi Square, Correlation and a single sample Kolmogrov–Smirnov test using SPSS software, version 16. Results: There were no significant variations in the amount of ANGPTL2, obestatin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, creatinine and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate between the two groups. There were significant increases in serum levels of fasting blood sugar (p = 0.01), insulin (p = 0.04), homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance (p = 0.04), testosterone (p = 0.02), luteinizing hormone (p = 0.004), luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (p = 0.006) and prolactin (p = 0.04) in case group compared to the control group. A significant positive correlation was observed between ANGPTL2 and insulin (p = 0.02), HOMA-IR (p = 0.01) and, on the other hand, a significant negative correlation was observed between obestatin and insulin (p = 0.01), HOMA-IR (p = 0.008) in PCOS group. Conclusions: In this study, no significant variations were observed in serum levels of ANGPTL2 and obestatin in PCOS women with normal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rahmani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran.
| | - Samad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran.
| | - Ainaz Broomand
- Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Torabi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Motamed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7518759577, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Zohrabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514947932, Iran.
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The CD36-PPARγ Pathway in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051529. [PMID: 29883404 PMCID: PMC5983591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the biological role of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) has greatly advanced our knowledge of the transcriptional control of glucose and energy metabolism. As such, pharmacological activation of PPARγ has emerged as an efficient approach for treating metabolic disorders with the current use of thiazolidinediones to improve insulin resistance in diabetic patients. The recent identification of growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP) as potent inducers of PPARγ through activation of the scavenger receptor CD36 has defined a novel alternative to regulate essential aspects of lipid and energy metabolism. Recent advances on the emerging role of CD36 and GHRP hexarelin in regulating PPARγ downstream actions with benefits on atherosclerosis, hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and fat mitochondrial biogenesis are summarized here. The response of PPARγ coactivator PGC-1 is also discussed in these effects. The identification of the GHRP-CD36-PPARγ pathway in controlling various tissue metabolic functions provides an interesting option for metabolic disorders.
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Pratt R, Stapelberg NJC. Early warning biomarkers in major depressive disorder: a strategic approach to a testing question. Biomarkers 2018; 23:563-572. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1463563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Pratt
- Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, Australia
| | - N. J. C. Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University and Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Australia
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Yousufzai MIUA, Harmatz ES, Shah M, Malik MO, Goosens KA. Ghrelin is a persistent biomarker for chronic stress exposure in adolescent rats and humans. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:74. [PMID: 29643360 PMCID: PMC5895712 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged stressor exposure in adolescence enhances the risk of developing stress-sensitive mental illnesses, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for many years following exposure cessation, but the biological underpinnings of this long-term vulnerability are unknown. We show that severe stressor exposure increased circulating levels of the hormone acyl-ghrelin in adolescent rats for at least 130 days and in adolescent humans for at least 4.5 years. Using a rodent model of longitudinal PTSD vulnerability in which rodents with a history of stressor exposure during adolescence display enhanced fear in response to fear conditioning administered weeks after stressor exposure ends, we show that systemic delivery of a ghrelin receptor antagonist for 4 weeks surrounding stressor exposure (2 weeks during and 2 weeks following) prevented stress-enhanced fear memory. These data suggest that protracted exposure to elevated acyl-ghrelin levels mediates a persistent vulnerability to stress-enhanced fear after stressor exposure ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I. ul Akbar Yousufzai
- grid.444779.dDepartment of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Elia S. Harmatz
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research & Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad O. Malik
- grid.444779.dDepartment of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ki A. Goosens
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
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Hu W, Wang M, Yin C, Li S, Liu Y, Xiao Y. Serum complement factor 5a levels are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:322-327. [PMID: 28981167 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of progressive and chronic liver injury. Complement factor 5a (C5a) may be involved in many inflammation disorders. This study investigated levels of systemic C5a in patients with and without NAFLD and lean controls. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2012 to June 2013 among 96 Chinese children, aged 6-17 years, recruited from the Pediatric Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University: 40 obese children with NAFLD, 31 obese children without NAFLD and 25 lean controls. Anthropometric parameters, clinical data and circulating C5a levels were measured. RESULTS Obese children had higher serum concentrations of complement factor C5a compared with lean controls, especially in obese children with NAFLD. C5a was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure (BP), triglycerides and homoeostasis model of insulin resistance, independent of their body mass index standard deviations score and age. Of the well-known risk factors, C5a was a significant predictor of NAFLD in obese children. CONCLUSION Serum C5a was elevated in obese children, especially in those with NAFLD and it may be proposed as a novel marker to predict advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Shuangshaung Li
- Department of Pediatrics; Shangluo City Central Hospital; Xi'an Shanxi Province China
| | - Yuesheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
| | - Yanfeng Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics; the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an China
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Yu AP, Ugwu FN, Tam BT, Lee PH, Lai CW, Wong CSC, Siu PM. Ghrelin Axis Reveals the Interacting Influence of Central Obesity and Hypertension. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:534. [PMID: 30258404 PMCID: PMC6145011 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate how central obesity and hypertension modulate unacylated ghrelin (UnAG), acylated ghrelin (AG), obestatin, growth hormone (GH), and the ratios of UnAG/obestatin, AG/obestatin, and total ghrelin/obestatin. Methods: Circulatory abundances of UnAG, AG, obestatin and GH were determined in 387 Hong Kong Chinese female adults with age between 24 to 86 years based on a 2 × 2 factorial design of hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) and central obesity (waist circumference or WC ≥80 cm). Participants were categorized as neither hypertensive nor centrally obese (NHNO; n = 105), hypertensive but not centrally obese (HNO; n = 102), centrally obese but not hypertensive (NHO; n = 74) and hypertensive and centrally obese (NO; n = 106). Pearson's correlation analyses were performed to detect the association between the peptides examined with WC and blood pressure. The main and interaction effects of hypertension and central obesity were examined by generalized estimating equations analyses. Results: Correlation analyses revealed that systolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with AG/obestatin, UnAG/obestatin and total ghrelin/obestatin ratios, AG, total ghrelin, and GH, while diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with UnAG/obestatin, total ghrelin/obestatin ratios, and GH. WC was negatively correlated with AG/obestatin, UnAG/obestatin, and total ghrelin/obestatin ratios, UnAG, AG, total ghrelin, GH, and obestatin. Interaction effects of hypertension and central obesity were observed on UnAG/obestatin, AG/obestatin and total ghrelin/obestatin ratios, and obestatin. Obestatin in NHO group was significantly higher compared to NHNO and HO groups. UnAG/obestatin, AG/obestatin, and total ghrelin/obestatin ratios were higher in NHNO group compared to HNO and HO groups. Main effects of central obesity and hypertension were observed in UnAG, total ghrelin and GH. The HO group manifested the lowest level of UnAG, total ghrelin and GH among all the groups studied. Main effect of hypertension was observed on AG, suggesting that hypertensive individuals exhibited lower levels of AG regardless of central obesity. Conclusion: Circulatory ghrelin gene products and GH exhibit different modes of modulation in response to the co-manifestation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors compared with a single risk factor alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus P. Yu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Felix N. Ugwu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Bjorn T. Tam
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul H. Lee
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Christopher W. Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cesar S. C. Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Parco M. Siu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Parco M. Siu
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Shiina Y, Murakami T, Matsumoto N, Okamura D, Takahashi Y, Nishihata Y, Komiyama N, Niwa K. Body composition, appetite-related hormones, adipocytokines, and heart failure in adult patients with congenital heart disease: A preliminary study. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2017; 13:79-84. [DOI: 10.1111/chd.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Shiina
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center; St. Luke's International Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Department of Cardiology; Chiba Children's Hospital; Chiba Japan
| | - Noriko Matsumoto
- Department of Nutrition; St. Luke's International Hospital; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okamura
- Department of rehabilitation; St. Luke's International Hospital; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Takahashi
- Department of rehabilitation; St. Luke's International Hospital; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nishihata
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center; St. Luke's International Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Komiyama
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center; St. Luke's International Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Koichiro Niwa
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center; St. Luke's International Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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Nourbakhsh M, Sharifi R, Ghorbanhosseini SS, Javad A, Ahmadpour F, Razzaghy Azar M, Larijani B. Evaluation of Plasma TRB3 and Sestrin 2 Levels in Obese and Normal-Weight Children. Child Obes 2017. [PMID: 28639842 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. TRB3 (Tribbles homolog 3) and sestrin 2 are two newly found proteins that have been identified to play an important role in obesity and its complications. AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate concentrations of TRB3 and sestrin 2 in plasma of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and their association with metabolic and anthropometric parameters. METHODS Plasma levels of TRB3, sestrin 2, insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profile were evaluated in 70 children and adolescents (34 obese and 36 controls). Insulin resistance was calculated using a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to IDF criteria. RESULTS Plasma TRB3 levels of the obese subjects were significantly higher than that of normal weight subjects. TRB3 levels were positively correlated with BMI, BMI z-score, waist circumference, and FPG. The concentration of sestrin 2 was significantly lower in obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between plasma concentrations of sestrin 2 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Neither TRB3 nor sestrin 2 were correlated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Both TRB3 and sestrin 2 may contribute to the development of obesity and its complications and can be considered interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Nourbakhsh
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- 3 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Javad
- 2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahwaz Jundishapor University of Medical Sciences , Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy Azar
- 2 Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .,5 H. Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- 6 Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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