1
|
Varley BJ, Nasir RF, Skilton MR, Craig ME, Gow ML. Early Life Determinants of Vascular Structure in Fetuses, Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr 2023; 252:101-110.e9. [PMID: 36029824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between early life exposures during the first 1000 days (conception to age 24 months) and aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT), an early indicator of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, in youths. STUDY DESIGN The MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Allied and Complementary Medicine databases were searched from inception to July 2021. Eligibility criteria included observational controlled studies in youths aged <20 years with risk factors/exposures during the first 1000 days and aIMT measurements (unadjusted mean ± SD). Outcome data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression was used to investigate confounders. RESULTS A total of 8657 articles were identified, of which 34 were included in our meta-analysis. The age of participants ranged from 22.9 weeks gestation in utero to 10.9 years. In the meta-analysis (n = 1220 cases, n = 1997 controls), the following factors were associated with greater aIMT: small for gestational age (SGA) status (14 studies, mean difference, 0.082 mm; 95% CI, 0.051-0.112; P < .001; I2 = 97%), intrauterine growth restriction (6 studies; mean difference, 0.198 mm, 95% CI, 0.088-0.309; P < .001; I2 = 97%), preeclampsia (2 studies; mean difference, 0.038 mm; 95% CI, 0.024-0.051; P < .001; I2 = 38%), and large for gestational age (LGA) status (3 studies; mean difference, 0.089 mm; 95% CI, 0.043-0.0136; P < .001; I2 = 93%). In meta-regression, older age (P < .001), higher prevalence of maternal smoking (P = .04), and SGA (P < .001) were associated with greater difference in aIMT in preterm participants compared with controls. Limitations included the high heterogeneity present in most meta-analyses and the scope of our meta-regression. CONCLUSIONS Adverse early life exposures are associated with greater aIMT in youths, consistent with an increased risk for CVD later in life. Further research is needed to determine whether intervention and preventive strategies deliver clinical benefits to improve future cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Varley
- University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Reeja F Nasir
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael R Skilton
- University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, Australia; Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Megan L Gow
- University of Sydney Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Sydney, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moustafa A, Popat H, Ayer J, Haghighi M, Skilton M, Carmo KB. Infants With Congenital Heart Disease at Risk of Early Atherosclerotic Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025772. [DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background
Aortic intima‐media thickness (aIMT) measurement is an established indicator of preclinical atherosclerosis. We aimed to describe the aIMT in infants with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery over the first year of life and explore its association with cardiopulmonary bypass, growth velocity, and a diagnosis of left heart obstruction.
Methods and Results
A prospective cohort study measuring mean and maximum aIMT preoperatively, at 3 months, and 1 year of age in neonates with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery. Twenty‐four infants with a median gestation of 39 weeks and a median birth weight of 3184 g were included. Sixteen (67%) infants had left outflow tract obstruction. Gestation correlated inversely with baseline mean aIMT (β=−0.027,
P
=0.018) and positively with the percentage of increase in mean and maximum aIMT between baseline and 3 months (β=17%,
P
=0.027 and β=15%,
P
=0.023). The presence of left outflow obstruction was significantly associated with increasing mean and maximum aIMT between baseline and 1 year (mean aIMT change: β=34%,
P
=0.017 and maximum aIMT change β=43%,
P
=0.001). Both subgroups of left heart obstruction and non‐left heart obstruction significantly changed over time (
P
=0.001 and
P
<0.001) but trends were not statistically different between both subgroups (
P
=0.21). Growth velocity and cardiopulmonary bypass were not associated with baseline or change in aIMT over the first year of life.
Conclusions
AIMT significantly increased over the first 3 months in our cohort of infants with repaired congenital heart disease. Increasing gestation was associated with decreasing aIMT at 3 months. Growth velocity and cardiopulmonary bypass were not associated with aIMT changes over the first year. Left heart obstruction was associated with a trend toward increased aIMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Moustafa
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Himanshu Popat
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Julian Ayer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Sydney Australia
- The Heart Centre for Children The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Marjan Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Sydney Australia
- The Heart Centre for Children The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael Skilton
- Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Sydney Australia
| | - Kathryn Browning Carmo
- Grace Centre for Newborn Intensive Care The Children’s Hospital at Westmead Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney New South Wales Sydney Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ross JP, van Dijk S, Phang M, Skilton MR, Molloy PL, Oytam Y. Batch-effect detection, correction and characterisation in Illumina HumanMethylation450 and MethylationEPIC BeadChip array data. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:58. [PMID: 35488315 PMCID: PMC9055778 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomic technologies can be subject to significant batch-effects which are known to reduce experimental power and to potentially create false positive results. The Illumina Infinium Methylation BeadChip is a popular technology choice for epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), but presently, little is known about the nature of batch-effects on these designs. Given the subtlety of biological phenotypes in many EWAS, control for batch-effects should be a consideration.
Results Using the batch-effect removal approaches in the ComBat and Harman software, we examined two in-house datasets and compared results with three large publicly available datasets, (1214 HumanMethylation450 and 1094 MethylationEPIC BeadChips in total), and find that despite various forms of preprocessing, some batch-effects persist. This residual batch-effect is associated with the day of processing, the individual glass slide and the position of the array on the slide. Consistently across all datasets, 4649 probes required high amounts of correction. To understand the impact of this set to EWAS studies, we explored the literature and found three instances where persistently batch-effect prone probes have been reported in abstracts as key sites of differential methylation. As well as batch-effect susceptible probes, we also discover a set of probes which are erroneously corrected. We provide batch-effect workflows for Infinium Methylation data and provide reference matrices of batch-effect prone and erroneously corrected features across the five datasets spanning regionally diverse populations and three commonly collected biosamples (blood, buccal and saliva). Conclusions Batch-effects are ever present, even in high-quality data, and a strategy to deal with them should be part of experimental design, particularly for EWAS. Batch-effect removal tools are useful to reduce technical variance in Infinium Methylation data, but they need to be applied with care and make use of post hoc diagnostic measures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01277-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Ross
- Human Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Susan van Dijk
- Human Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melinda Phang
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter L Molloy
- Human Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yalchin Oytam
- Clinical Insights and Analytics Unit, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Latremouille S, Lam J, Shalish W, Sant'Anna G. Neonatal heart rate variability: a contemporary scoping review of analysis methods and clinical applications. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055209. [PMID: 34933863 PMCID: PMC8710426 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a research tool. However, HRV calculation methods are highly variable making it difficult for comparisons between studies. OBJECTIVES To describe the different types of investigations where neonatal HRV was used, study characteristics, and types of analyses performed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Human neonates ≤1 month of corrected age. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE A protocol and search strategy of the literature was developed in collaboration with the McGill University Health Center's librarians and articles were obtained from searches in the Biosis, Cochrane, Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases published between 1 January 2000 and 1 July 2020. CHARTING METHODS A single reviewer screened for eligibility and data were extracted from the included articles. Information collected included the study characteristics and population, type of HRV analysis used (time domain, frequency domain, non-linear, heart rate characteristics (HRC) parameters) and clinical applications (physiological and pathological conditions, responses to various stimuli and outcome prediction). RESULTS Of the 286 articles included, 171 (60%) were small single centre studies (sample size <50) performed on term infants (n=136). There were 138 different types of investigations reported: physiological investigations (n=162), responses to various stimuli (n=136), pathological conditions (n=109) and outcome predictor (n=30). Frequency domain analyses were used in 210 articles (73%), followed by time domain (n=139), non-linear methods (n=74) or HRC analyses (n=25). Additionally, over 60 different measures of HRV were reported; in the frequency domain analyses alone there were 29 different ranges used for the low frequency band and 46 for the high frequency band. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal HRV has been used in diverse types of investigations with significant lack of consistency in analysis methods applied. Specific guidelines for HRV analyses in neonates are needed to allow for comparisons between studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Latremouille
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Justin Lam
- Medicine, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wissam Shalish
- Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guilherme Sant'Anna
- Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang T, Grech A, Dissanayake HU, Boylan S, Skilton MR. Modeling the Effect of Environmentally Sustainable Food Swaps on Nutrient Intake in Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:3355. [PMID: 34684355 PMCID: PMC8537316 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food production greatly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), but there remain concerns that consuming environmentally sustainable foods can increase the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy. We identified commonly consumed foods of pregnant women and determined the effect of their replacement with environmentally sustainable alternatives on nutrient intake and measures of environmental sustainability. Dietary intake data from 171 pregnant women was assessed and foods that contributed the most to energy and protein intake were identified. Of these, foods producing the highest GHG emissions were matched with proposed environmentally sustainable alternatives, and their impact on nutrient provision determined. Meats, grains, and dairy products were identified as important sources of energy and protein. With the highest GHG emissions, beef was selected as the reference food. Proposed alternatives included chicken, eggs, fish, tofu, legumes, and nuts. The most pronounced reductions in CO2 emissions were from replacing beef with tofu, legumes, and nuts. Replacing one serve per week of beef with an isocaloric serve of firm tofu during pregnancy could reduce GHG emissions by 372 kg CO2 eq and increase folate (+28.1 µg/serve) and fiber (+3.3 g/serve) intake without compromising iron (+1.1 mg/serve) intake. Small dietary substitutions with environmentally sustainable alternatives can substantially reduce environmental impact without compromising nutrient adequacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Allison Grech
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Hasthi U. Dissanayake
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Sinead Boylan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael R. Skilton
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mckenzie KM, Nasir R, Kong Y, Dissanayake HU, McMullan R, Gordon A, Meroni A, Phang M, Skilton MR. Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Newborn Aortic Wall Thickness. Nutrients 2021; 13:1382. [PMID: 33924014 PMCID: PMC8073292 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from animal models indicates that maternal diet during pregnancy affects offspring cardiometabolic health. Improving carbohydrate quality during high-risk pregnancies reduces aortic intima-medial thickness; a marker for early atherosclerosis; in the infant offspring. We sought to determine whether maternal carbohydrate quantity and quality are associated with newborn aortic intima-medial thickness in healthy pregnancies. Maternal diet throughout pregnancy was evaluated in 139 mother-child dyads using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Carbohydrate intake was expressed as quantity (% total energy), quality (fibre, glycaemic index), and glycaemic burden (glycaemic load). Aortic intima-medial thickness was measured by high-frequency ultrasound of the neonatal abdominal aorta. Neither quantity nor quality of maternal carbohydrate intake during pregnancy was associated with meaningful differences in offspring maximum aortic intima-medial thickness with the exception of fibre intake in women with overweight or obesity which was inversely associated (-8 μm [95% CI -14, -1] per g fibre, p = 0.04). In healthy pregnancy, the quantity and quality of maternal carbohydrate intake is likely not a meaningful modifiable lifestyle factor for influencing offspring vascular health. The effect of carbohydrate quality may only be evident in high-risk pregnancies, consistent with previous findings. These findings may be confirmed in prospective dietary trials in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M. Mckenzie
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Reeja Nasir
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Yang Kong
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Hasthi U. Dissanayake
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Rowena McMullan
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Alice Meroni
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Melinda Phang
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Michael R. Skilton
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Adults who were born preterm are at increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in later life. Infants born late preterm are the majority of preterm births; however, the effect of late preterm on risk of cardiovascular disease is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess whether vascular health and cardiac autonomic control differ in a group of late preterm newborn infants compared to a group of term-born infants.A total of 35 healthy late preterm newborn infants, with normal growth (34-36 completed weeks' gestation) and 139 term-born infants (37-42 weeks' gestation) were compared in this study. Aortic wall thickening, assessed as aortic intima-media thickness (IMT) by high-resolution ultrasound, and cardiac autonomic control, assessed by heart rate variability, were measured during the first week of life. Postnatal age of full-term and late preterm infants at the time of the study was 5 days (standard deviation [SD] 5) and 4 days (SD 3), respectively.Infants born late preterm show reduced aortic IMT (574 μm [SD 51] vs. 612 μm [SD 73]) and reduced heart rate variability [log total power 622.3 (606.5) ms2 vs. 1180. 6 (1114.3) ms2], compared to term infants. These associations remained even after adjustment for sex and birth weight.Infants born late preterm show selective differences in markers of cardiovascular risk, with potentially beneficial differences in aortic wall thickness in contrast to potentially detrimental differences in autonomic control, when compared with term-born control infants. These findings provide pathophysiologic evidence to support an increased risk of hypertension and sudden cardiac death in individuals born late preterm.
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Shi R, Zhou X, Li Z, Sun W, Zhao L, Yuan L. Maternal obesity increases the risk of fetal cardiac dysfunction via visceral adipose tissue derived exosomes. Placenta 2021; 105:85-93. [PMID: 33556718 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a strong association between gestational obesity and fetal cardiac dysfunction, while the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes from maternal visceral adipose tissue in abnormal embryonic development in obese pregnancy. METHODS Female C57BL/6J obese mice were induced by a high-fat diet (containing 60% fat). Fetal cardiac function and morphology were examined by echocardiography and histology. The placenta was extracted for histological examination. miRNA expression in exosomes from the visceral adipose tissue was profiled by RNA-seq. Gene expression of inflammatory factors was analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS In the obese pregnant mice, there were obvious inflammation and lipid droplets in the placenta. And the fetal cardiac function in obese pregnancy was also compromised. Moreover, injection of the visceral adipose tissue exosomes from the obese mice significantly decreased the fetal cardiac function in the normal lean pregnant mice. Mechanistically, the decreased expression of miR-19b might be responsible for the enhanced inflammation in the placenta. DISCUSSION Exosomes derived from visceral adipose tissue in obese mice contribute to fetal heart dysfunction, at least partially via affecting the function of the placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Olander RFW, Sundholm JKM, Ojala TH, Andersson S, Sarkola T. Differences in cardiac geometry in relation to body size among neonates with abnormal prenatal growth and body size at birth. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2020; 56:864-871. [PMID: 31909531 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both excessive and restricted fetal growth are associated with changes in cardiac geometry and function at birth. There are significant issues when indexing cardiac parameters for body size in the neonatal period. The aims of this study were to determine to what extent cardiac geometry is dependent on body size in term and preterm neonates with restricted or excessive fetal growth and how this is affected by adiposity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of neonates born between 31 and 42 weeks of gestation, divided into three groups: (1) small-for-gestational age (SGA, birth weight > 2 SD below the mean); (2) large-for-gestational age (LGA, birth weight > 2 SD above the mean); and (3) appropriate-for-gestational-age controls (AGA, birth weight ≤ 2 SD from the mean). Cardiac geometry and function were compared between the study groups, adjusting for body size. The potential impact of infant adiposity and maternal disease was assessed. RESULTS In total, 174 neonates were included, of which 39 were SGA, 45 were LGA and 90 were AGA. Body size was reflected in cardiac dimensions, with differences in cardiac dimensions disappearing between the SGA and AGA groups when indexed for body surface area (BSA) or thoracic circumference. The same was true for the differences in atrial and ventricular areas between the LGA and AGA groups. However, left ventricular inflow and outflow tract dimensions did not follow this trend as, when indexed for BSA, they were associated negatively with adiposity, resulting in diminished dimensions in LGA compared with AGA and SGA neonates. Adiposity was associated positively with left ventricular mass, right ventricular length and area and right atrial area. The SGA group showed increased right ventricular fractional area change, possibly reflecting differences in the systolic function of the right ventricle. We found evidence of altered diastolic function between the groups, with the mitral valve inflow E- to lateral E'-wave peak velocity ratio being increased in the LGA group and decreased in the SGA group. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac geometry is explained by body size in both term and preterm AGA and SGA infants. However, the nature of the relationship between body size and cardiac dimensions may be influenced by adiposity in LGA infants, leading to underestimation of left ventricular inflow and outflow tract dimensions when adjusted for BSA. Adjustments for thoracic circumference provide similar results to those for BSA. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R F W Olander
- Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J K M Sundholm
- Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T H Ojala
- Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Andersson
- Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phang M, Ross J, Raythatha JH, Dissanayake HU, McMullan RL, Kong Y, Hyett J, Gordon A, Molloy P, Skilton MR. Epigenetic aging in newborns: role of maternal diet. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:555-561. [PMID: 31942922 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic aging is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality and may be a mechanistic link between early-life exposures, such as maternal dietary characteristics during pregnancy, and risk of adult disease. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the early-life risk factors for newborn epigenetic aging, specifically maternal dietary macronutrient intake, and whether epigenetic aging is associated with cardiovascular health markers in the newborn. METHODS Epigenetic age acceleration of 169 newborns was measured from saliva using the Horvath age calculator. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires. RESULTS Newborns with positive age acceleration were more likely to be female and have greater body fatness. Maternal intakes of saturated fat [6.2 wk epigenetic age acceleration (95% CI: 1.0, 11.3) per 5% of energy; P = 0.02] and monounsaturated fat [12.4 wk (95% CI: 4.2, 20.5) per 5% of energy; P = 0.003] were associated with higher epigenetic age acceleration in the newborn. The strongest association of individual fatty acids were for palmitoleic acid (25.3 wk; 95% CI: 11.4, 39.2; P = 0.0004), oleic acid (2.2 wk; 95% CI: 0.8, 3.6; P = 0.002), and palmitic acid (2.9 wk; 95% CI: 1.0, 4.9; P = 0.004) per 1% of energy intake. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with lower epigenetic age acceleration (-8.1 wk; 95% CI: -14.5, -1.7; P = 0.01). Epigenetic age acceleration was associated with aortic intima-media thickness in preterm infants [1.0 µm (95% CI: 0.2, 1.8) per week of epigenetic age acceleration; P = 0.01], but not among those born at term (P = 0.78). Epigenetic age acceleration was not associated with heart rate variability in either preterm or term born infants (both P > 0.2). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of maternal dietary characteristics that are associated with epigenetic aging in the offspring. Prospective intervention studies are required to determine whether such associations are causal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Phang
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Ross
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jineel H Raythatha
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hasthi U Dissanayake
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sleep Research Group, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rowena L McMullan
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yang Kong
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jon Hyett
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Michael R Skilton
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|