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Berning L, Lenz T, Bergmann AK, Poschmann G, Brass HUC, Schlütermann D, Friedrich A, Mendiburo MJ, David C, Akgün S, Pietruszka J, Stühler K, Stork B. The Golgi stacking protein GRASP55 is targeted by the natural compound prodigiosin. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:275. [PMID: 37798768 PMCID: PMC10552397 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterial secondary metabolite prodigiosin has been shown to exert anticancer, antimalarial, antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. With regard to cancer, it has been reported to affect cancer cells but not non-malignant cells, rendering prodigiosin a promising lead compound for anticancer drug discovery. However, a direct protein target has not yet been experimentally identified. METHODS We used mass spectrometry-based thermal proteome profiling in order to identify target proteins of prodigiosin. For target validation, we employed a genetic knockout approach and electron microscopy. RESULTS We identified the Golgi stacking protein GRASP55 as target protein of prodigiosin. We show that prodigiosin treatment severely affects Golgi morphology and functionality, and that prodigiosin-dependent cytotoxicity is partially reduced in GRASP55 knockout cells. We also found that prodigiosin treatment results in decreased cathepsin activity and overall blocks autophagic flux, whereas co-localization of the autophagosomal marker LC3 and the lysosomal marker LAMP1 is clearly promoted. Finally, we observed that autophagosomes accumulate at GRASP55-positive structures, pointing towards an involvement of an altered Golgi function in the autophagy-inhibitory effect of this natural compound. CONCLUSION Taken together, we propose that prodigiosin affects autophagy and Golgi apparatus integrity in an interlinked mode of action involving the regulation of organelle alkalization and the Golgi stacking protein GRASP55. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Berning
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenz
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biological Medical Research Centre, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ann Kathrin Bergmann
- Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Hannah U C Brass
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Schlütermann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Annabelle Friedrich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - María José Mendiburo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Céline David
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Seda Akgün
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52426, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Biotechnology (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biological Medical Research Centre, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Proteome Research, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany.
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Wang J, Liu H, Zhu L, Wang J, Luo X, Liu W, Ma Y. Prodigiosin from Serratia Marcescens in Cockroach Inhibits the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis. Molecules 2022; 27:7281. [PMID: 36364107 PMCID: PMC9653855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignant tumor, and the targeted therapy for HCC is very limited. Our previous study demonstrated that prodigiosin(PG), a secondary metabolite from Serratia marcescens found in the intestinal flora of cockroaches, inhibits the proliferation of HCC and increases the expression of CHOP, a marker protein for endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis, in a dose-dependent manner. However, the mechanisms underlying the activity of PG in vivo and in vitro are unclear. This study explored the molecular mechanisms of PG-induced ERS against liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. The apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by PG through endoplasmic reticulum stress was observed by flow cytometry, colony formation assay, cell viability assay, immunoblot analysis, and TUNEL assay. The localization of PG in cells was observed using laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to detect the intracellular Ca2+ concentration after PG treatment. We found that PG could promote apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of HCC. It was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum of HepG2 cells, where it induces the release of Ca2+. PG also upregulated the expression of key unfolded response proteins, including PERK, IRE1α, Bip, and CHOP, and related apoptotic proteins, including caspase3, caspase9, and Bax, but down-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in liver cancer. Alleviating ERS reversed the above phenomenon. PG had no obvious negative effects on the functioning of the liver, kidney, and other main organs in nude mice, but the growth of liver cancer cells was inhibited by inducing ERS in vivo. The findings of this study showed that PG promotes apoptosis of HCC by inducing ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hancong Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Liuchong Zhu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xiongming Luo
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Chiu WJ, Lin CS, Lin SR, Chen TH, Wu CJ, Busa P, Long H, Chen CC, Tseng FJ, Fu YS, Weng CF. Diterpene promptly executes a non-canonical autophagic cell death in doxorubicin-resistant lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Orlandi VT, Martegani E, Giaroni C, Baj A, Bolognese F. Bacterial pigments: A colorful palette reservoir for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:981-1001. [PMID: 33870552 PMCID: PMC9544673 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic derivatives are currently used instead of pigments in many applicative fields, from food to feed, from pharmaceutical to diagnostic, from agronomy to industry. Progress in organic chemistry allowed to obtain rather cheap compounds covering the whole color spectrum. However, several concerns arise from this chemical approach, as it is mainly based on nonrenewable resources such as fossil oil, and the toxicity or carcinogenic properties of products and/or precursors may be harmful for personnel involved in the productive processes. In this scenario, microorganisms and their pigments represent a colorful world to discover and reconsider. Each living bacterial strain may be a source of secondary metabolites with peculiar functions. The aim of this review is to link the physiological role of bacterial pigments with their potential use in different biotechnological fields. This enormous potential supports the big challenge for the development of strategies useful to identify, produce, and purify the right pigment for the desired application. At the end of this ideal journey through the world of bacterial pigments, the attention will be focused on melanin compounds, whose production relies upon different techniques ranging from natural producers, heterologous hosts, or isolated enzymes. In a green workflow, the microorganisms represent the starting and final point of pigment production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Fabrizio Bolognese
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
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Aboras SI, Korany MA, Abdine HH, Ragab MAA, El Diwany A, Agwa MM. HPLC with fluorescence detection for the bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic study of Doxorubicin and Prodigiosin loaded on eco-friendly casein nanomicelles in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1187:123043. [PMID: 34837816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, efficient, and sensitive liquid chromatographic assay hyphenated to fluorometric detector (HPLC-FLD) was developed and validated for the determination of doxorubicin (DXR) and prodigiosin (PDG) in rat plasma. The sample pre-treatment involves a protein precipitation with acetonitrile with satisfying extraction efficiency (98% and 85% for DXR and PDG, respectively). The chromatographic separation was accomplished using stationary phase: Agilent Zorbax Eclipse plus-C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and gradient eluting mobile phase of ammonium acetate (pH = 3), acetonitrile and methanol with programmed fluorescence detection. As the proposed method has been validated, it was subsequently implemented to evaluate DXR and PDG loaded on novel eco-friendly Casein nano drug delivery system after intravenous injection in healthy rats. A comparative pharmacokinetics' study was carried out in rats for DXR in free form, DXR alone entrapped in the nanomicelle and DXR with PDG entrapped in the nano micelle. After testing the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of the different formulations using ANOVA, the results showed insignificant differences among the tested parameters. This indicates that the presented nanomicelle delivery system has succeeded to incorporate PDG and DXR in a hydrophilic, safe, and potent formulation. This novel nanomicelle has negligible effect on the distribution and elimination of DXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Aboras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Korany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Heba H Abdine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Ragab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed El Diwany
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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Wang S, Wei M, Zhu W. WITHDRAWN: Melatonin increases doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via oxidative DNA damage in oral squamous cell carcinoma. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Berning L, Schlütermann D, Friedrich A, Berleth N, Sun Y, Wu W, Mendiburo MJ, Deitersen J, Brass HUC, Skowron MA, Hoffmann MJ, Niegisch G, Pietruszka J, Stork B. Prodigiosin Sensitizes Sensitive and Resistant Urothelial Carcinoma Cells to Cisplatin Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:1294. [PMID: 33673611 PMCID: PMC7957586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based treatment is the standard of care therapy for urothelial carcinomas. However, complex cisplatin resistance mechanisms limit the success of this approach. Both apoptosis and autophagy have been shown to contribute to this resistance. Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite from various bacteria, exerts different biological activities including the modulation of these two cellular stress response pathways. We analyzed the effect of prodigiosin on protein levels of different autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant urothelial carcinoma cells (UCCs). Furthermore, we investigated the effect on cell viability of prodigiosin alone or in combination with cisplatin. We made use of four different pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant UCCs. We found that prodigiosin blocked autophagy in UCCs and re-sensitized cisplatin-resistant cells to apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, we found that prodigiosin is a potent anticancer agent with nanomolar IC50 values in all tested UCCs. In combination studies, we observed that prodigiosin sensitized both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant urothelial carcinoma cell lines to cisplatin treatment with synergistic effects in most tested cell lines. These effects of prodigiosin are at least partially mediated by altering lysosomal function, since we detected reduced activities of cathepsin B and L. We propose that prodigiosin is a promising candidate for the therapy of cisplatin-resistant urothelial carcinomas, either as a single agent or in combinatory therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Berning
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - David Schlütermann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Annabelle Friedrich
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Niklas Berleth
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Yadong Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Wenxian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - María José Mendiburo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Jana Deitersen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Hannah U. C. Brass
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (H.U.C.B.); (J.P.)
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1: Bioorganic Chemistry (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Margaretha A. Skowron
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.A.S.); (M.J.H.); (G.N.)
| | - Michèle J. Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.A.S.); (M.J.H.); (G.N.)
| | - Günter Niegisch
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.A.S.); (M.J.H.); (G.N.)
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52428 Jülich, Germany; (H.U.C.B.); (J.P.)
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences 1: Bioorganic Chemistry (IBG-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Björn Stork
- Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (L.B.); (D.S.); (A.F.); (N.B.); (Y.S.); (W.W.); (M.J.M.); (J.D.)
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Doxorubicin metabolism moderately attributes to putative toxicity in prodigiosin/doxorubicin synergism in vitro cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 475:119-126. [PMID: 32754875 PMCID: PMC7599147 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely neoplasm chemotherapeutic drug with high incidences of cardiotoxicity. Prodigiosin (PG), a red bacterial pigment from Serratia marcescens, has been demonstrated to potentiate Dox’s cytotoxicity against oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through elevating Dox influx and identified as a Dox enhancer via PG-induced autophagy; however, toxicity of normal cell remains unclear. This study is conducted to evaluate putative cytotoxicity features of PG/Dox synergism in the liver, kidney, and heart cells and further elucidate whether PG augmented Dox’s effect via modulating Dox metabolism in normal cells. Murine hepatocytes FL83B, cardio-myoblast h9c2, and human kidney epithelial cells HK-2 were sequentially treated with PG and Dox by measuring cell viability, cell death characteristics, oxidative stress, Dox flux, and Dox metabolism. PG could slightly significant increase Dox cytotoxicity in all tested normal cells whose toxic alteration was less than that of oral squamous carcinoma cells. The augmentation of Dox cytotoxicity might be attributed to the increase of Dox-mediated ROS accumulation that might cause slight reduction of Dox influx and reduction of Dox metabolism. It was noteworthy to notice that sustained cytotoxicity appeared in normal cells after PG and Dox were removed. Taken together, moderately metabolic reduction of Dox might be ascribed to the mechanism of increase Dox cytotoxicity in PG-induced normal cells; nevertheless, the determination of PG/Dox dose with sustained cytotoxicity in normal cells needs to be comprehensively considered.
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Sajjad W, Din G, Rafiq M, Iqbal A, Khan S, Zada S, Ali B, Kang S. Pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi: colorful tale of cryosphere with wide range applications. Extremophiles 2020; 24:447-473. [PMID: 32488508 PMCID: PMC7266124 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pigments are an essential part of everyday life on Earth with rapidly growing industrial and biomedical applications. Synthetic pigments account for a major portion of these pigments that in turn have deleterious effects on public health and environment. Such drawbacks of synthetic pigments have shifted the trend to use natural pigments that are considered as the best alternative to synthetic pigments due to their significant properties. Natural pigments from microorganisms are of great interest due to their broader applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industry with increasing demand among the consumers opting for natural pigments. To fulfill the market demand of natural pigments new sources should be explored. Cold-adapted bacteria and fungi in the cryosphere produce a variety of pigments as a protective strategy against ecological stresses such as low temperature, oxidative stresses, and ultraviolet radiation making them a potential source for natural pigment production. This review highlights the protective strategies and pigment production by cold-adapted bacteria and fungi, their industrial and biomedical applications, condition optimization for maximum pigment extraction as well as the challenges facing in the exploitation of cryospheric microorganisms for pigment extraction that hopefully will provide valuable information, direction, and progress in forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ghufranud Din
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafiq
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Awais Iqbal
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suliman Khan
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sahib Zada
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Barkat Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wang SL, Nguyen VB, Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen MT, Nguyen AD. Production and Potential Applications of Bioconversion of Chitin and Protein-Containing Fishery Byproducts into Prodigiosin: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E2744. [PMID: 32545769 PMCID: PMC7356639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The technology of microbial conversion provides a potential way to exploit compounds of biotechnological potential. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) and other PG-like pigments from bacteria, majorly from Serratia marcescens, have been reported as bioactive secondary metabolites that can be used in the broad fields of agriculture, fine chemicals, and pharmacy. Increasing PG productivity by investigating the culture conditions especially the inexpensive carbon and nitrogen (C/N) sources has become an important factor for large-scale production. Investigations into the bioactivities and applications of PG and its related compounds have also been given increased attention. To save production cost, chitin and protein-containing fishery byproducts have recently been investigated as the sole C/N source for the production of PG and chitinolytic/proteolytic enzymes. This strategy provides an environmentally-friendly selection using inexpensive C/N sources to produce a high yield of PG together with chitinolytic and proteolytic enzymes by S. marcescens. The review article will provide effective references for production, bioactivity, and application of S. marcescens PG in various fields such as biocontrol agents and potential pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Minh Trung Nguyen
- Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
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Lin SR, Chen YH, Tseng FJ, Weng CF. The production and bioactivity of prodigiosin: quo vadis? Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:828-836. [PMID: 32251776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a red tripyrrole pigment, belongs to a member of the prodiginine family and is normally secreted by various sources including Serratia marcescens and other Gram-negative bacteria. The studies of PG have received innovative devotion as a result of reported antimicrobial, larvicidal and anti-nematoid immunomodulation and antitumor properties, owing to its antibiotic and cytotoxic activities. This review provides a comprehensive summary of research undertaken toward the isolation and structural elucidation of the prodiginine family of natural products. Additionally, the current evidence-based understanding of the biological activities and medicinal potential of PG is employed to determine the efficacy, with some reports of information related to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Graduated Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11041, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jen Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Armed Force General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China; Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China.
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12
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Ji S, Sun R, Xu K, Man Z, Ji J, Pu Y, Yin L, Zhang J, Pu Y. Prodigiosin induces apoptosis and inhibits autophagy via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in K562 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:107-115. [PMID: 31077745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Prodigiosin contains a tripyrrole skeleton and shows impressive anticancer potential in multiple cell lines. Numerous studies have been conducted on prodigiosin-induced apoptosis and the related mechanisms. However, few reports have considered the effects of prodigiosin on autophagy and the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy. Here, we examined whether prodigiosin affected apoptosis and autophagy through the extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) signaling pathway in K562 cells, employing cell proliferation, flow cytometry, caspase activity, and western blot analyses. Inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway with PD184352 was conducted to verify the role of this pathway on prodigiosin-mediated processes. Our findings revealed that prodigiosin inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in K562 cells. Additionally, the ROS scavenger, N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), partially prevented prodigiosin-induced apoptosis but did not reduce prodigiosin-inhibited autophagy in K562 cells. Furthermore, prodigiosin treatment in K562 cells reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and P38, and activated ERK signaling pathway. When ERK1/2 phosphorylation was blocked by PD184352, prodigiosin-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of autophagy decreased significantly. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the ERK signaling pathway was involved in prodigiosin-induced apoptosis and prodigiosin-inhibited autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaodi Man
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunqiu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Azman AS, Mawang CI, Abubakar S. Bacterial Pigments: The Bioactivities and as an Alternative for Therapeutic Applications. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic pigments have been widely used in various applications since the 1980s. However, the hyperallergenicity or carcinogenicity effects of synthetic dyes have led to the increased research on natural pigments. Among the natural resources, bacterial pigments are a good alternative to synthetic pigments because of their significant properties. Bacterial pigments are also one of the emerging fields of research since it offers promising opportunities for different applications. Besides its use as safe coloring agents in the cosmetic and food industry, bacterial pigments also possess biological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer activities. This review article highlights the various types of bacterial pigments, the latest studies on the discovery of bacterial pigments and the therapeutic insights of these bacterial pigments which hopefully provides useful information, guidance and improvement in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adzzie-Shazleen Azman
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christina-Injan Mawang
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Liu PF, Chang HW, Cheng JS, Lee HP, Yen CY, Tsai WL, Cheng JT, Li YJ, Huang WC, Lee CH, Ger LP, Shu CW. Map1lc3b and Sqstm1 Modulated Autophagy for Tumorigenesis and Prognosis in Certain Subsites of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120478. [PMID: 30477228 PMCID: PMC6306869 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancer types worldwide and can be divided into three major subsites: buccal mucosal SCC (BMSCC), tongue SCC (TSCC), and lip SCC (LSCC). The autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B) and adaptor sequestosome 1(SQSTM1) are widely used proteins to evaluate autophagy in tumor tissues. However, the role of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 in OSCC is not fully understood, particularly in certain subsites. With a tissue microarray comprised of 498 OSCC patients, including 181 BMSCC, 244 TSCC, and 73 LSCC patients, we found that the expression levels of MAP1LC3B and cytoplasmic SQSTM1 were elevated in the tumor tissues of three subsites compared with those in adjacent normal tissues. MAP1LC3B was associated with a poor prognosis only in TSCC. SQSTM1 was associated with poor differentiation in three subsites, while the association with lymph node invasion was only observed in BMSCC. Interestingly, MAP1LC3B was positively correlated with SQSTM1 in the tumor tissues of BMSCC, whereas it showed no correlation with SQSTM1 in adjacent normal tissue. The coexpression of higher MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 demonstrated a significantly worse disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with BMSCC and LSCC, but not TSCC. The knockdown of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 reduced autophagy, cell proliferation, invasion and tumorspheres of BMSCC cells. Additionally, silencing both MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in the tumorspheres of BMSCC cells. Taken together, MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 might modulate autophagy to facilitate tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in OSCC, particularly in BMSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Department of Optometry, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Huai-Pao Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Section, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Lun Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jing Li
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Luo-Pin Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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