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Benfer KA, Whittingham K, Ware RS, Ghosh AK, Chowdhury S, Moula G, Samanta S, Khan NZ, Bell KL, Oftedal S, Bandaranayake S, Salt AT, Bhattacharya A, Maiti P, Tripathi SK, Morgan C, Novak I, Boyd RN. Efficacy of Early Intervention for Infants With Cerebral Palsy in an LMIC: An RCT. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063854. [PMID: 38516717 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test efficacy of a parent-delivered multidomain early intervention (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents [LEAP-CP]) for infants with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with equal-dose of health advice (HA), on (1) infant development; and (2) caregiver mental health. It was hypothesized that infants receiving LEAP-CP would have better motor function, and caregivers better mental health. METHODS This was a multisite single-blind randomized control trial of infants aged 12 to 40 weeks corrected age (CA) at risk for CP (General Movements or Hammersmith Infant Neurologic Examination). Both LEAP-CP and HA groups received 15 fortnightly home-visits by a peer trainer. LEAP-CP is a multidomain active goal-directed intervention. HA is based on Key Family Practices, World Health Organization. Primary outcomes: (1) infants at 18 months CA: Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT mobility); and (2) caregiver: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. RESULTS Of eligible infants, 153 of 165 (92.7%) were recruited (86 males, mean age 7.1±2.7 months CA, Gross Motor Function Classification System at 18 m CA: I = 12, II = 25, III = 9, IV = 18, V = 32). Final data were available for 118 (77.1%). Primary (PEDI-CAT mobility mean difference = 0.8 (95% CI -1.9 to 3.6) P = .54) and secondary outcomes were similar between-groups. Modified-Intention-To-Treat analysis on n = 96 infants with confirmed CP showed Gross Motor Function Classification System I and IIs allocated to LEAP-CP had significantly better scores on PEDI-CAT mobility domain (mean difference 4.0 (95% CI = 1.4 to 6.5), P = .003) compared with HA. CONCLUSIONS Although there was no overall effect of LEAP-CP compared with dose-matched HA, LEAP-CP lead to superior improvements in motor skills in ambulant children with CP, consistent with what is known about targeted goal-directed training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Benfer
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Koa Whittingham
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sayak Chowdhury
- Indian Institute of Cerebral Palsy, Kolkata, India
- SSKM Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sandip Samanta
- Dr B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Kristie L Bell
- Children's Nutrition Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stina Oftedal
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sasaka Bandaranayake
- Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Pradip Maiti
- Dr B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Cathy Morgan
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roslyn N Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Svensson K, Sundelin H, Eliasson AC. Outcomes of a Parent-Delivered Baby-mCIMT Model for Infants at High Risk of Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Using Remote Coaching in Telerehabilitation. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:101. [PMID: 38255414 PMCID: PMC10814714 DOI: 10.3390/children11010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of the positive effects of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) for infants at high risk of unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) when provided by parents with in-person coaching/supervision from occupational therapists during home visits. The aim of this study is to investigate whether Baby-mCIMT (modifiedCIMT) can be as effective if parents are coached/supervised remotely. In this case-control study, we recruited 20 infants and re-used 18 controls, 4-8-month-old infants in both groups at high risk of UCP. The same protocol regarding inclusion criteria, data collection, and training volume was used in both groups. The training was conducted for two 6-week periods, separated by a 6-week break, consisting of daily 30 min sessions conducted by parents, supported by therapist coaching once a week. The primary outcome was measured using the Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI). There was no difference in the change of HAI units (p = 0.803) or that of the affected-hand raw score (p = 0.942) between the two groups. The remote coaching method was well received by parents. In conclusion, this demonstrates that remote coaching/supervision is as effective as the in-person approach, requiring less time and effort for both families and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Svensson
- Division of Children’s and Women’s Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183 Linkoping, Sweden;
- Crown Princess Victoria’s Children Hospital, 58185 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Heléne Sundelin
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Neuropaediatric Research Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christin Eliasson
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
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Fergus A, Wyker C, Heyl N, Lewis T, Hartsook K. Factors influencing caregiver buy-in to early intervention physical therapy. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2024; 17:221-235. [PMID: 38251072 DOI: 10.3233/prm-230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The family-centered care framework of Early Intervention (EI) has shifted the focus toward caregiver engagement, but the underlying processes that build this are unknown. The aims of this study were 1) to describe the process of caregiver engagement in therapy and (2) to identify factors perceived to influence caregiver buy-in, confidence, and engagement in EI. METHODS This preliminary descriptive study utilized quantitative questionnaires and qualitative semi-structured interviews of EI participants (23 caregivers and four physical therapists). Interviews were transcribed and theme coded until saturation was achieved and a concept map was developed. RESULTS All caregivers believed that their children benefited from EI, that they were empowered and confident in caring for their children, and their quality of life improved based on the quantitative data. The qualitative data revealed that building a rapport and therapeutic relationship is the foundation to developing buy-in. Reciprocal communication is critical to the relationship and the buy-in. Caregiver knowledge and awareness of progress foster caregiver buy-in and confidence once the relationship is established. CONCLUSION Improved understanding of the factors influencing the development of buy-in will provide a framework for the clinician to enhance caregiver buy-in. Enhanced buy-in may promote parental engagement and improved outcomes for the child and family.
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Bard-Pondarré R, Vuillerot C, Al-Abiad N, Verdun S, Chabrier S, Chaléat-Valayer E. Early Intensive Bimanual Stimulation Program (BB-Bim) for Infants at Risk of Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized, Multiple-Baseline, Single-Case Study. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7706205070. [PMID: 38032289 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clinical practice guidelines for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) emphasize the importance of very early and intensive intervention. OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of a new, home-based, early intensive bimanual stimulation program (BB-Bim) and its impact on hand function in infants at risk of unilateral CP. DESIGN Single case experimental design, multiple baseline across subjects, lasting from 12 to 15 wk, including a 4- to 7-wk randomized baseline, followed by 8 wk of BB-Bim. SETTING Home. PARTICIPANTS Infants (ages 3-12 mo) with suspected unilateral CP, whose parents agreed to participate in the stimulation program. INTERVENTION Parent-provided bimanual stimulation 20 min/day, 6×/wk, with weekly occupational therapist coaching visits. MEASURES Weekly repeated measures were the Hand Assessment in Infants (HAI) and Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). Feasibility and relevance were assessed with a logbook and a parental report, including 10 continuous 0-10 scaled questions. RESULTS Six infants were included (2 with left and 4 with right brain lesions). Parents provided a mean 3.4 to 6.2 stimulation sessions/wk. Feasibility and relevance were highly rated (Ms = 8.2-9.6, SDs = 0.2-1.3). Stimulation significantly improved HAI bimanual and total scores for all infants, with no impact on HAI unilateral scores. GAS scores improved with stimulation (significant for 3 infants). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE BB-Bim was feasible and tended to improve bimanual function in infants at risk of unilateral CP. What This Article Adds: Parent-provided daily bimanual stimulation at home is feasible when parents are coached weekly by an occupational therapist. Bimanual stimulation seems to improve functional interactions between the hands among infants at high risk of unilateral CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bard-Pondarré
- Rachel Bard-Pondarré, OT, MSc, is Occupational Therapist and Research Project Coordinator, Centre des Massues Croix-Rouge française, Lyon, France;
| | - Carole Vuillerot
- Carole Vuillerot, MD, PhD, is Chief Medical Officer, Department of Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU-Lyon, and Researcher, Neuromyogen Institute, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nahime Al-Abiad
- Nahime Al-Abiad, is PhD Student, Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, Université Lyon-Université Gustave Eiffel, Bron, France
| | - Stéphane Verdun
- Stéphane Verdun, is Biostatistician, Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lomme, France
| | - Stéphane Chabrier
- Stéphane Chabrier, MD, PhD, is Head Physician and Researcher, Centre National de Référence de l'Accident Vasculaire Cérébral de l'enfant, Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation pédiatrique-Hôpital Bellevue, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Chaléat-Valayer
- Emmanuelle Chaléat-Valayer, MD, PhD, is Chief Medical Officer, Centre des Massues Croix-Rouge française, Lyon, France
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Hurd CL, Livingstone D, Smith A, Yang JF. Engaging the Lower Extremity via Active Therapy Early (ELEVATE) Is Feasible and May Improve Gross Motor Function in Children with Spastic Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series. Physiother Can 2023; 75:311-321. [PMID: 38037582 PMCID: PMC10686296 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The feasibility of ELEVATE with respect to adherence and preliminary efficacy was determined for children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) from encephalopathy of prematurity. Methods A case series was used. Participants were randomized to receive ELEVATE immediately or delay the intervention by 3 months before receiving the intervention. The outcomes included feasibility measures of (1) number of children recruited, (2) percentage of sessions attended, (3) stride counts during the intervention, and preliminary efficacy measures of change over the intervention period in (4) Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), and (5) kinematics and weight-bearing during treadmill walking. Results Four boys under 3 years of age participated. All participants tolerated 60-minute intervention sessions four times/week for 12 weeks, and attended 75%-94% (min-max) of the targeted sessions. The median step count per session ranged from 833 to 2484 steps (min-max) during the final week of training. Participants showed an increase in GMFM-66 score of 2.4-7.5 points (min-max) over the 3-month intervention phase, as compared to a decrease of 1.7 for one participant and an increase of 1.3 for another over the delay period. Three participants demonstrated small improvements in their gait with the intervention. Conclusions Engaging young children with bilateral CP in intensive rehabilitation targeting gross motor function was feasible and demonstrated preliminary efficacy. The results have guided the design of a larger clinical trial to assess efficacy of early, active interventions for children with spastic bilateral CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L. Hurd
- From the:
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Donna Livingstone
- From the:
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allison Smith
- From the:
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaynie F. Yang
- From the:
Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kårstad SB, Bjørseth Å, Lindstedt J, Brenne AS, Steihaug H, Elvrum AKG. Parental Coping, Representations, and Interactions with Their Infants at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010277. [PMID: 36615077 PMCID: PMC9820974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe parental coping, representations, and interactions during the time of inclusion in the Small Step early intervention program for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03264339). Altogether, 11 infants (mean age 4.8 months, SD: 1.5) and their parents (mothers: n = 10, fathers: n = 9) were included. Parental coping was assessed using the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Parental representations and parent-infant interactions were assessed using the Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI) and the Parent-Child Early Relational Assessment (PCERA). Parents' PSI-SF and HADS scores were within normal range; however, 26.7% showed symptoms of stress, 52.6% showed symptoms of anxiety, and 31.6% showed symptoms of depression above the cut-off. WMCI results indicate that 73.7% of the parents had balanced representations. For PCERA, the subscale Dyadic Mutuality and Reciprocity was of concern, while two other subscales were in areas of strength and three subscales in some concern areas. There were no differences between mothers and fathers. Most of the parents had balanced representations, some had mental or stress symptoms and many were struggling with aspects of the parent-infant interaction. This knowledge could be useful when developing more family-centered interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Berg Kårstad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9775-2958
| | - Åse Bjørseth
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johanna Lindstedt
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Synnøve Brenne
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU Central Norway), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helene Steihaug
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Kristin Gunnes Elvrum
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinical Services, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7130 Trondheim, Norway
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Baker A, Niles N, Kysh L, Sargent B. Effect of Motor Intervention for Infants and Toddlers With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Phys Ther 2022; 34:297-307. [PMID: 35671383 PMCID: PMC9574888 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of motor intervention on motor function of infants and toddlers with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Four databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of motor interventions for children with or at high risk of CP younger than 36 months. Studies were excluded if less than 50% of children developed CP. RESULTS Eleven RCTs included 363 children; 85% diagnosed with CP. Very low-quality evidence supports that: (1) task-specific motor training was more effective than standard care for improving motor function (small effect), (2) constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) may be more effective than bimanual play or massage for improving function of the more affected hand (moderate effect), and high-intensity treadmill training is no more effective than low-intensity for improving walking. CONCLUSIONS Very low-quality evidence supports that task-specific motor training and CIMT may improve motor function of infants and toddlers with CP.The Supplemental Digital Content Video Abstract is available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A382 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Baker
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Division of
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, California
- University of Southern California, Division of
Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles,
California
| | - Natalie Niles
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Division of
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles, California
- University of Southern California, Division of
Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles,
California
| | - Lynn Kysh
- Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Institute for
Nursing and Interprofessional Research, 4650 Sunset Blvd., Los Angeles,
California
| | - Barbara Sargent
- University of Southern California, Division of
Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles,
California
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Harniess PA, Gibbs D, Bezemer J, Purna Basu A. Parental engagement in early intervention for infants with cerebral palsy-A realist synthesis. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:359-377. [PMID: 34622968 PMCID: PMC9298289 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emphasis on parental engagement strategies within occupational therapy and physiotherapy early intervention (EI) programmes for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy (CP) has increased. This reflects consensus that increasing parent participation enhances treatment efficacy, potentially improving infant and parent outcomes. However, evaluation of parental engagement in EI is complex. Despite the growing application of parental engagement strategies, aligned with family-centred care practice, theoretical evaluation is currently lacking within the literature. This realist synthesis aimed to identify component theories underlying EI strategies to support parental engagement and to use empirical findings to evaluate how these work in practice. METHODS Realist synthesis: Databases Medline, Embase, Amed, CINAHL and PsychInfo were searched (from February 1985 - February 2020); further articles were sourced from reference lists. A data extraction form was used, and a Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool was used to assess study rigour. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were included. Quality of relationships, parent education and intervention co-design were the key themes related to parental engagement strategies. Findings indicate that constructive parent reasoning mechanisms of trust, belief, sense of control, perceived feasibility of home programme delivery and ultimately motivation are linked to the underlying intervention resources afforded by specific strategies (e.g., coaching pedagogy). These responses are precursors to engagement outcomes that include increased parental self-efficacy and adherence. Importantly, parental self-efficacy can initiate a process of change leading to improved parental confidence and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Sensitively designed programme strategies, centred on relational quality between parent, infant and therapist, are fundamental for effective parent connection, involvement and investment within EI for infants with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Antony Harniess
- Physiotherapy DepartmentGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK,Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Deanna Gibbs
- Children's ResearchBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Jeff Bezemer
- Institute of EducationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna Purna Basu
- Population Health Sciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK,Department of Paediatric NeurologyNewcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Hurd C, Livingstone D, Brunton K, Smith A, Gorassini M, Watt MJ, Andersen J, Kirton A, Yang JF. Early, Intensive, Lower Extremity Rehabilitation Shows Preliminary Efficacy After Perinatal Stroke: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:360-370. [PMID: 35427191 PMCID: PMC9127938 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Perinatal stroke injures motor regions of the brain, compromising movement for life. Early, intensive, active interventions for the upper extremity are efficacious, but interventions for the lower extremity remain understudied. Objective To determine the feasibility and potential efficacy of ELEVATE—Engaging the Lower Extremity Via Active Therapy Early—on gross motor function. Methods We conducted a single-blind, two-arm, randomized controlled trial (RCT), with the Immediate Group receiving the intervention while the Delay Group served as a 3-month waitlist control. A separate cohort living beyond commuting distance was trained by their parents with guidance from physical therapists. Participants were 8 months to 3 years old, with MRI-confirmed perinatal ischemic stroke and early signs of hemiparesis. The intervention was play-based, focused on weight-bearing, balance and walking for 1 hour/day, 4 days/week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66). Secondary outcomes included steps and gait analyses. Final follow-up occurred at age 4. Results Thirty-four children participated (25 RCT, 9 Parent-trained). The improvement in GMFM-66 over 12 weeks was greater for the Immediate than the Delay Group in the RCT (average change 3.4 units higher) and greater in younger children. Average step counts reached 1370-3750 steps/session in the last week of training for all children. Parent-trained children also improved but with greater variability. Conclusions Early, activity-intensive lower extremity therapy for young children with perinatal stroke is feasible and improves gross motor function in the short term. Longer term improvement may require additional bouts of intervention. Clinical trial registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01773369).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Hurd
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Donna Livingstone
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kelly Brunton
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Allison Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Monica Gorassini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Man-Joe Watt
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Andersen
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jaynie F. Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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10
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From Hemispheric Asymmetry through Sensorimotor Experiences to Cognitive Outcomes in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies allowed us to explore abnormal brain structures and interhemispheric connectivity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Behavioral researchers have long reported that children with CP exhibit suboptimal performance in different cognitive domains (e.g., receptive and expressive language skills, reading, mental imagery, spatial processing, subitizing, math, and executive functions). However, there has been very limited cross-domain research involving these two areas of scientific inquiry. To stimulate such research, this perspective paper proposes some possible neurological mechanisms involved in the cognitive delays and impairments in children with CP. Additionally, the paper examines the ways motor and sensorimotor experience during the development of these neural substrates could enable more optimal development for children with CP. Understanding these developmental mechanisms could guide more effective interventions to promote the development of both sensorimotor and cognitive skills in children with CP.
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11
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Hadders-Algra M. The developing brain: Challenges and opportunities to promote school readiness in young children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in low- and middle-income countries. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:989518. [PMID: 36340733 PMCID: PMC9634632 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.989518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses possibilities for early detection and early intervention in infants with or at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The brain's high rate of developmental activity in the early years post-term challenges early detection. It also offers opportunities for early intervention and facilitation of school readiness. The paper proposes that in the first year post-term two early detection options are feasible for LMICs: (a) caregiver screening questionnaires that carry little costs but predict neurodevelopmental disorders only moderately well; (b) the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment (SINDA) which are easy tools that predict neurodisability well but require assessment by health professionals. The young brain's neuroplasticity offers great opportunities for early intervention. Ample evidence indicates that families play a critical role in early intervention of infants at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Other interventional key elements are responsive parenting and stimulation of infant development. The intervention's composition and delivery mode depend on the infant's risk profile. For instance, in infants with moderately increased risk (e.g., preterm infants) lay community health workers may provide major parts of intervention, whereas in children with neurodisability (e.g., cerebral palsy) health professionals play a larger role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Neurology and University of Groningen, Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Dursun N, Akyuz M, Gokbel T, Akarsu M, Yilmaz E, Karacan C, Dursun E. GMFCS level improvement in children with cerebral palsy treated with repeat botulinum toxin injections and intensive rehabilitation: A retrospective study. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2022; 15:107-112. [PMID: 35275571 DOI: 10.3233/prm-210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) provides a standardized classification of motor disability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) that is typically considered longitudinally stable. Here, changes in GMFCS levels of children with CP who received repeated botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections within an intensive rehabilitation approach were evaluated. METHODS This retrospective, observational study included 503 children with CP (GMFCS I-V) treated in a single university rehabilitation clinic. Individualized treatment plans and a variety of rehabilitation techniques were incorporated within an integrated model of care. Each child received≥2 repeated BoNT-A injections as well as an intensive rehabilitation program. RESULTS GMFCS level following repeat treatment improved in 42.1% of the patients and worsened in 3 patients; 14.9% of children showed improvement after 1 treatment cycle, 12.3% after 2 cycles, 7.6% after 3 cycles, 3.6% after 4 cycles, and 3.8% after≥5 cycles. Type of involvement (p < 0.001), baseline GMFCS (p = 0.001), number of treatment cycles (p < 0.001) and presence of severe dystonia (p = 0.032) were significant predictors of GMFCS improvement, but age and gender were not. CONCLUSION Children with CP may change GMFCS level when intensive rehabilitation programs are combined with repeated BoNT-A injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Dursun
- Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Merve Akyuz
- Bursa State Hospital Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tugba Gokbel
- Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Melike Akarsu
- Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Esin Yilmaz
- Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Cagla Karacan
- Gedik University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erbil Dursun
- Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli, Turkey
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13
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Morgan C, Fetters L, Adde L, Badawi N, Bancale A, Boyd RN, Chorna O, Cioni G, Damiano DL, Darrah J, de Vries LS, Dusing S, Einspieler C, Eliasson AC, Ferriero D, Fehlings D, Forssberg H, Gordon AM, Greaves S, Guzzetta A, Hadders-Algra M, Harbourne R, Karlsson P, Krumlinde-Sundholm L, Latal B, Loughran-Fowlds A, Mak C, Maitre N, McIntyre S, Mei C, Morgan A, Kakooza-Mwesige A, Romeo DM, Sanchez K, Spittle A, Shepherd R, Thornton M, Valentine J, Ward R, Whittingham K, Zamany A, Novak I. Early Intervention for Children Aged 0 to 2 Years With or at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy: International Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Systematic Reviews. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:846-858. [PMID: 33999106 PMCID: PMC9677545 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability. Early intervention for children younger than 2 years with or at risk of CP is critical. Now that an evidence-based guideline for early accurate diagnosis of CP exists, there is a need to summarize effective, CP-specific early intervention and conduct new trials that harness plasticity to improve function and increase participation. Our recommendations apply primarily to children at high risk of CP or with a diagnosis of CP, aged 0 to 2 years. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the best available evidence about CP-specific early interventions across 9 domains promoting motor function, cognitive skills, communication, eating and drinking, vision, sleep, managing muscle tone, musculoskeletal health, and parental support. EVIDENCE REVIEW The literature was systematically searched for the best available evidence for intervention for children aged 0 to 2 years at high risk of or with CP. Databases included CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Scopus. Systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were appraised by A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) or Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Recommendations were formed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and reported according to the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. FINDINGS Sixteen systematic reviews and 27 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Quality varied. Three best-practice principles were supported for the 9 domains: (1) immediate referral for intervention after a diagnosis of high risk of CP, (2) building parental capacity for attachment, and (3) parental goal-setting at the commencement of intervention. Twenty-eight recommendations (24 for and 4 against) specific to the 9 domains are supported with key evidence: motor function (4 recommendations), cognitive skills (2), communication (7), eating and drinking (2), vision (4), sleep (7), tone (1), musculoskeletal health (2), and parent support (5). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE When a child meets the criteria of high risk of CP, intervention should start as soon as possible. Parents want an early diagnosis and treatment and support implementation as soon as possible. Early intervention builds on a critical developmental time for plasticity of developing systems. Referrals for intervention across the 9 domains should be specific as per recommendations in this guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Morgan
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Brain Mind Centre, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lars Adde
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic and Clinical Services, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Brain Mind Centre, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Roslyn N. Boyd
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Giovanni Cioni
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Johanna Darrah
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linda S. de Vries
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Darcy Fehlings
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans Forssberg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Andrea Guzzetta
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mijna Hadders-Algra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Petra Karlsson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Brain Mind Centre, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Beatrice Latal
- University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alison Loughran-Fowlds
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Mak
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nathalie Maitre
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Sarah McIntyre
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Brain Mind Centre, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristina Mei
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Morgan
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Domenico M. Romeo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Katherine Sanchez
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alicia Spittle
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marelle Thornton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Brain Mind Centre, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Valentine
- Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Koa Whittingham
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alieh Zamany
- Eugene Child Development and Rehabilitation Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Eugene
| | - Iona Novak
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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DAMIANO DIANEL, LONGO EGMAR. Early intervention evidence for infants with or at risk for cerebral palsy: an overview of systematic reviews. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:771-784. [PMID: 33825199 PMCID: PMC9413025 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To perform an overview of systematic reviews and more recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on early motor interventions in infants aged 0 to 3 years with or at risk of cerebral palsy to inform current clinical and research efforts and provide a benchmark to assess future interventions ideally initiated within the first 6 months. METHOD Standardized searches of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were conducted for systematic reviews (2009-2020) and RCTs (2015-2020). RESULTS From 840 unique records, 31 full texts were reviewed, yielding three systematic reviews encompassing 46 studies, 16 with comparison groups, and six additional RCTs that met the criteria. Two enrichment- and activity-based approaches had medium effect sizes on motor development, only one with low risk of bias; two others had large task-specific effect sizes but some bias concerns; and three enriched environment studies with some bias concerns had medium effect sizes on cognitive development. Most had small or no effect sizes, bias concerns, and uncertain diagnostic determinations. INTERPRETATION Data synthesis revealed limited data quantity and quality, and suggest, although not yet confirmed, greater benefit from early versus later intervention. Research efforts with greater early diagnostic precision and earlier intervention are accelerating, which may transform future outcomes and practices. What this paper adds For over 50% of trials within the reviews, the intervention was compared to standard care with only two showing efficacy. Similar to results in older children, constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) emerged as efficacious with high effect sizes. CIMT was not superior to similarly intense bimanual training or occupational therapy. Goals-Activity-Motor Enrichment intervention initiated before 5 months of age was superior to equally intense standard care. Several other enriched environment strategies promoted cognitive and/or motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - EGMAR LONGO
- Health of Children, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi-UFRN/FACISA, Santa Cruz, Brazil
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15
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Perinatal stroke: mapping and modulating developmental plasticity. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:415-432. [PMID: 34127850 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00503-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of hemiparetic cerebral palsy are caused by perinatal stroke, resulting in lifelong disability for millions of people. However, our understanding of how the motor system develops following such early unilateral brain injury is increasing. Tools such as neuroimaging and brain stimulation are generating informed maps of the unique motor networks that emerge following perinatal stroke. As a focal injury of defined timing in an otherwise healthy brain, perinatal stroke represents an ideal human model of developmental plasticity. Here, we provide an introduction to perinatal stroke epidemiology and outcomes, before reviewing models of developmental plasticity after perinatal stroke. We then examine existing therapeutic approaches, including constraint, bimanual and other occupational therapies, and their potential synergy with non-invasive neurostimulation. We end by discussing the promise of exciting new therapies, including novel neurostimulation, brain-computer interfaces and robotics, all focused on improving outcomes after perinatal stroke.
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16
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Zanella LW, Valentini NC, Copetti F, Nobre GC. Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - Second Edition (PDMS-2): Reliability, content and construct validity evidence for Brazilian children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 111:103871. [PMID: 33571789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales - Second Edition (PDMS-2) has been used by health and educational professionals to assess the gross and fine motor skills of children with typical development, motor and/or cognitive delays, and disabilities. AIM Investigate the validity and reliability of PDMS-2 for use in Brazil. METHODS For content validity, 13 professionals participated in the study. For construct validity, a sample of 637 children from birth until 71 months (0-23 months: n = 399; 24-71 months: n = 238) was assessed with the PDMS-2. RESULTS The PDMS-2 administered to the Brazilian population has psychometric characteristics equivalent to the original version. CONCLUSION PDMS-2 is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating Brazilian children's motor development and providing appropriate support for clinical and educational intervention plans and follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Wagner Zanella
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul, Campus Sertão, Rodovia RS-135, KM 25 - District Eng. Luiz, Sertão, Rio Grande do Sul, 99170-000, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Cristina Valentini
- Human Movement Sciences Graduate Program at School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance in Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Felizardo Street, 750 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90690-200, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Copetti
- Physical Education Graduate Program at Physical Education and Sports Center in Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
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17
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Hadders-Algra M. Early Diagnostics and Early Intervention in Neurodevelopmental Disorders-Age-Dependent Challenges and Opportunities. J Clin Med 2021; 10:861. [PMID: 33669727 PMCID: PMC7922888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses early diagnostics and early intervention in developmental disorders in the light of brain development. The best instruments for early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) with or without intellectual disability are neonatal magnetic resonance imaging, general movements assessment at 2-4 months and from 2-4 months onwards, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination and Standardized Infant NeuroDevelopmental Assessment. Early detection of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is difficult; its first signs emerge at the end of the first year. Prediction with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Infant Toddler Checklist is possible to some extent and improves during the second year, especially in children at familial risk of ASD. Thus, prediction improves substantially when transient brain structures have been replaced by permanent circuitries. At around 3 months the cortical subplate has dissolved in primary motor and sensory cortices; around 12 months the cortical subplate in prefrontal and parieto-temporal cortices and cerebellar external granular layer have disappeared. This review stresses that families are pivotal in early intervention. It summarizes evidence on the effectiveness of early intervention in medically fragile neonates, infants at low to moderate risk, infants with or at high risk of CP and with or at high risk of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijna Hadders-Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatrics-Section Developmental Neurology, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Martinez SS, Pardo‐Hernandez H, Palacios C. Feeding modifications and additional primary caregiver support for infants exposed to Zika virus or diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome: a rapid review of the evidence. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:1353-1361. [PMID: 32881216 PMCID: PMC7756506 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infants exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) or diagnosed with congenital Zika syndrome (CZVS) may present dysphagia, regurgitation and other feeding difficulties. They may require special feeding practices to minimise the risk of mortality, morbidity and developmental problems. Improving knowledge, skills and behaviours of caregivers may preserve health, maximise development and promote quality of life among affected infants. We reviewed intervention studies of modified feeding practices and additional primary caregiver support to improve outcomes among infants 0 to 12 months of age exposed to ZIKV or diagnosed with CZVS. METHODS Rapid review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and contacted experts. The search is current to 18 July 2020. We planned a meta-analysis using fixed-effect models; if unfeasible, we intended to summarise studies narratively. We planned to assess risk of bias of included studies and quality of evidence using Cochrane guidance. RESULTS We identified 42 records for title and abstract screening; 14 were eligible for full-text assessment. Among these, no intervention studies were found. Eight observational studies reported on the nutritional status, feeding practices and outcomes among infants affected by ZIKV or diagnosed with CZVS. They are presented and discussed to provide a basis for future research. CONCLUSIONS While no intervention studies were found, evidence from eight observational studies highlights the need for early nutrition interventions and caregiver support among infants affected by ZIKV or diagnosed with CZSV. More research is needed to assess whether modifications of feeding practices and provision of additional primary caregiver support will impact outcomes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Palacios
- Department of Dietetics and NutritionFlorida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA
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19
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Löwing K, Holmström L, Almeida R, Eliasson AC. Do Infants at Risk of Developing Cerebral Palsy or Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders Learn What They Practice? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072041. [PMID: 32610634 PMCID: PMC7409007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Through secondary analyses of the Small Step. Randomized Control Trial, we tested the hypothesis that children at risk of developing cerebral palsy (CP) or other neurodevelopmental disorders would learn what they practice, i.e., that they would have a more rapid development within the specifically trained foci (hand use or mobility) of each time period compared to the development rate within the foci not trained at that time. Nineteen infants (6.3 (1.62) months corrected age) included in the Small Step program were assessed at six time points during the intervention. For statistical analysis, general and mixed linear models were used, and the independent variables were the Peabody Developmental Motor scale (stationary, locomotion, grasping and visuomotor sub scales), the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 and the Hand Assessment for Infants. Outcomes related to gross motor function improved significantly more after mobility training than after hand use training, while fine motor function was improved to the same extent following both training types. Significantly higher improvements after the first training period were seen in one out of three outcome measures in both gross and fine motor assessments. The improvements observed were all independent of diagnosis at two years. The concept “you learn what you practice” was most clearly confirmed in the case of gross motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Löwing
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Linda Holmström
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Rita Almeida
- Stockholm University Brain Imaging Center (SUBIC), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Ann-Christin Eliasson
- Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (K.L.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46702538648
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20
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Akhbari Ziegler S, Hadders‐Algra M. Coaching approaches in early intervention and paediatric rehabilitation. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:569-574. [PMID: 32065385 PMCID: PMC7187136 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, coaching is increasingly applied to foster the involvement of families with an infant or young child with special needs in early intervention and paediatric rehabilitation. Coaching practices are included in many forms of intervention and are regarded as essential to reach beneficial outcomes for the child and family. There are, however, many ambiguities that blur the concept of coaching and hamper its understanding and integration as an evidence-based approach in early intervention and paediatric rehabilitation: lack of differentiation between coaching and training of families, for example. Challenges to incorporate coaching into professional practice relate to adult learning processes and knowledge acquisition, and transformation of attitudes, beliefs, and treatment habits. In this paper, we review the barriers encountered and the possibilities available to promote successful implementation of coaching in early childhood interventions. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Literature defines coaching ambiguously, which hampers its implementation in early intervention. The term 'coaching' should be reserved for relationship-directed, family-centred intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schirin Akhbari Ziegler
- School of Health ProfessionsInstitute of PhysiotherapyZurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAWWinterthurSwitzerland
| | - Mijna Hadders‐Algra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Paediatrics, Division of Developmental NeurologyGroningenthe Netherlands
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21
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Novak I, Morgan C, Fahey M, Finch-Edmondson M, Galea C, Hines A, Langdon K, Namara MM, Paton MC, Popat H, Shore B, Khamis A, Stanton E, Finemore OP, Tricks A, Te Velde A, Dark L, Morton N, Badawi N. State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:3. [PMID: 32086598 PMCID: PMC7035308 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-1022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability of childhood, but the rate is falling, and severity is lessening. We conducted a systematic overview of best available evidence (2012-2019), appraising evidence using GRADE and the Evidence Alert Traffic Light System and then aggregated the new findings with our previous 2013 findings. This article summarizes the best available evidence interventions for preventing and managing cerebral palsy in 2019. RECENT FINDINGS Effective prevention strategies include antenatal corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, caffeine, and neonatal hypothermia. Effective allied health interventions include acceptance and commitment therapy, action observations, bimanual training, casting, constraint-induced movement therapy, environmental enrichment, fitness training, goal-directed training, hippotherapy, home programs, literacy interventions, mobility training, oral sensorimotor, oral sensorimotor plus electrical stimulation, pressure care, stepping stones triple P, strength training, task-specific training, treadmill training, partial body weight support treadmill training, and weight-bearing. Effective medical and surgical interventions include anti-convulsants, bisphosphonates, botulinum toxin, botulinum toxin plus occupational therapy, botulinum toxin plus casting, diazepam, dentistry, hip surveillance, intrathecal baclofen, scoliosis correction, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and umbilical cord blood cell therapy. We have provided guidance about what works and what does not to inform decision-making, and highlighted areas for more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona Novak
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia.
| | - Catherine Morgan
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Claire Galea
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Hines
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation, Kids Rehab WA, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Maria Mc Namara
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Madison Cb Paton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Himanshu Popat
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin Shore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda Khamis
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Emma Stanton
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Olivia P Finemore
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Alice Tricks
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Anna Te Velde
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
| | - Leigha Dark
- Allied and Public Helath, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalie Morton
- Allied and Public Helath, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nadia Badawi
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 6427, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, 2086, Australia
- Grace Centre for Newborn Care, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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