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Saleh O, Shihadeh H, Yousef A, Erekat H, Abdallh F, Al-Leimon A, Elsalhy R, Altiti A, Dajani M, AlBarakat MM. The Effect of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Treatment. Pancreas 2024; 53:e450-e465. [PMID: 38728212 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Even though many substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms were made, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Even more, no standard classification system for pancreatic cancer is based on cellular biomarkers. This review will discuss and provide updates about the role of stem cells in the progression of PC, the genetic changes associated with it, and the promising biomarkers for diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The search process used PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify the relevant and related articles. Articles had to be published in English to be considered. RESULTS The increasing number of studies in recent years has revealed that the diversity of cancer-associated fibroblasts is far greater than previously acknowledged, which highlights the need for further research to better understand the various cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulations. Despite the huge diversity in pancreatic cancer, some common features can be noted to be shared among patients. Mutations involving CDKN2, P53, and K-RAS can be seen in a big number of patients, for example. Similarly, some patterns of genes and biomarkers expression and the level of their expression can help in predicting cancer behavior such as metastasis and drug resistance. The current trend in cancer research, especially with the advancement in technology, is to sequence everything in hopes of finding disease-related mutations. CONCLUSION Optimizing pancreatic cancer treatment requires clear classification, understanding CAF roles, and exploring stroma reshaping approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Saleh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | - Hana Erekat
- School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Fatima Abdallh
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | | | | | | | - Majd Dajani
- From the Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Majd M AlBarakat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Kobayashi N, Tanaka K, Muraoka S, Somekawa K, Kaneko A, Kubo S, Matsumoto H, Fujii H, Watanabe K, Horita N, Hara Y, Kaneko T. Influence of age, IGRA results, and inflammatory markers on mortality in hospitalized tuberculosis patients. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:48-52. [PMID: 37704163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally. Identifying the factors associated with mortality during hospitalization for TB is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors, including T-SPOT.TB test results and routine laboratory markers of inflammation, associated with death during hospitalization due to TB. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 244 hospitalized TB patients. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, T-SPOT.TB results, and laboratory parameters were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Among the patients, 206 survived and 38 died during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15, p = 0.001), a negative T-SPOT.TB test result (HR: 4.01, 95% CI: 1.78-9.01, p < 0.001), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08, p = 0.007), and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07, p = 0.025) were independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study identified age, a negative T-SPOT.TB result, elevated CRP levels, and a high NLR as significant independent risk factors for death in hospitalized TB patients. These findings underscore the importance of these parameters in the risk stratification and management of hospitalized TB patients. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms behind these associations and to validate these results in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Katsushi Tanaka
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Suguru Muraoka
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Somekawa
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayami Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sousuke Kubo
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Matsumoto
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujii
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yu Hara
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Tani M, Iida H, Maehira H, Mori H, Miyake T, Kaida S. A High C-Reactive Protein Level on Postoperative Day 7 Is Associated With Poor Survival of Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Resection. Am Surg 2022; 88:2024-2029. [PMID: 34049444 DOI: 10.1177/00031348211023406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common malignancy. While inflammation-related biomarkers influence patient survival after resection, it has not been known whether postoperative inflammations affect the survival of PDAC patients or not. METHODS It was investigated whether the universal biomarkers on postoperative day (POD) 7 affect the survival of PDAC patients in the retrospective view, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed via the Cox regression method. RESULTS Overall, 108 consecutive patients underwent resection; 98 (90.7%) had T3 disease and 73 (67.6%) had lymph node metastases. Thirty-four patients (31.5%) experienced postoperative complications. Compared with preoperative values, the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) level on POD 7 were significantly elevated (P < .001 for both); conversely, the lymphocyte count was significantly reduced (P < .001). Among 108 patients, 72 received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median overall survival was 21.0 months; the 5-year survival rate was 22.3%. On multivariate analysis, receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and low CRP levels on POD 7 (<7.6 mg/dL) were prognosticators of better survival. However, the CD classification was not a prognosticator of survival after resection. CONCLUSIONS Adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative low CRP levels on POD 7 were prognosticators of better survival of PDAC patients after resection. Surgeons should be aware of managing postoperative infections because a high postoperative CRP level is related with unfavorable survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaji Tani
- Department of Surgery, 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroya Iida
- Department of Surgery, 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maehira
- Department of Surgery, 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Haruki Mori
- Department of Surgery, 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Toru Miyake
- Department of Surgery, 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kaida
- Department of Surgery, 13051Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Shen F, Liu C, Zhang W, He S, Wang F, Wang J, Li Q, Zhou F. Serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can predict the efficacy of mFOLFIRINOX in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:964115. [PMID: 35965580 PMCID: PMC9372918 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.964115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is an urgent need for biomarkers that predict the survival outcome of patients diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer, undergoing systemic chemotherapy. This study aimed to identify biomarkers associated with the survival of mPC patients treated with modified FOLFIRINOX (mFOLFIRINOX) as first-line chemotherapy. Methods This was a retrospective study of 30 patients with mPC who received mFOLFIRINOX between October 2018 and March 2021. Data on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)199, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophils, platelets, lymphocytes, and albumin were collected and dichotomized using the upper or lower limit, as appropriate. These markers were examined for their association with progression-free survival (PFS). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to explore a suitable model to predict mFOLFIRINOX effectiveness. Results IL-6 and CRP levels were associated with poor progression (P = 0.004 and P = <0.001, respectively) of mPC. The high IL-6 level was an independent poor prognostic factor for PFS (HR=4.66, 95%CI: 1.32-16.37, P=0.016) in the multivariable analysis. Patients with high IL-6 levels had a shorter PFS than those with low IL-6 levels (median PFS: 257 vs. 150 days, P=0.020). An increase in IL-6 and CRP levels during chemotherapy positively correlated with disease progression (P = <0.001 for both). The model combining IL-6 with CRP levels helped predict the outcomes of mPC patients treated with mFOLFIRINOX (AUC: 0.811, 95%CI: 0.639-0.983, P=0.003). Conclusions The serum levels of IL-6 and CRP might be considered as valuable biomarkers in predicting the outcomes of patients with mPC who received the mFOLFIRINOX regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjue Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Zhou,
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Prognostic significance of the systemic immune-inflammation index in pancreatic carcinoma patients: A meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229290. [PMID: 34286342 PMCID: PMC8329648 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a prognostic indicator for several malignancies, including pancreatic carcinoma; however, there is no consensus on its significance. In the current study, a systematic meta-analysis was used to explore the correlation between SII and prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma patients. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were screened from inception to May 2020. Studies describing the prognostic role of SII in pancreatic carcinoma were then retrieved. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random- or fixed-effects models to determine the correlation between SII and prognosis. Results: A total of four studies, comprising 1749 patients, met the inclusion criteria of the study and were therefore included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that high SII indicated was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.24–1.65, P<0.001). These findings were validated through subgroup analyses, stratified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. In addition, patients with high SII showed poorer cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.55–3.48, P<0.001). However, analysis showed no significant correlations between SII and disease-free and relapse-free survival (RFS). Conclusion: These findings indicate that SII is a potential non-invasive and a promising tool for predicting clinical outcomes of pancreatic carcinoma patients. However, the current research did not explore whether neoadjuvant therapy has an effect on the prognostic value of SII. Further studies using adequate designs and larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
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Giannis D, Moris D, Barbas AS. Diagnostic, Predictive and Prognostic Molecular Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview for Clinicians. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051071. [PMID: 33802340 PMCID: PMC7959127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cancer-related cause of death in the United States and is usually asymptomatic in early stages. There is a scarcity of tests that facilitate early diagnosis or accurately predict the disease progression. To this end, biomarkers have been identified as important tools in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer. Despite the increasing number of biomarkers described in the literature, most of them have demonstrated moderate sensitivity and/or specificity and are far from being considered as screening tests. More efficient non-invasive biomarkers are needed to facilitate early-stage diagnosis and interventions. Multi-disciplinary collaboration might be required to facilitate the identification of such markers. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common pancreatic malignancy and is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor prognosis. Most patients with PDAC present with an advanced disease stage and treatment-resistant tumors. The lack of noninvasive tests for PDAC diagnosis and survival prediction mandates the identification of novel biomarkers. The early identification of high-risk patients and patients with PDAC is of utmost importance. In addition, the identification of molecules that are associated with tumor biology, aggressiveness, and metastatic potential is crucial to predict survival and to provide patients with personalized treatment regimens. In this review, we summarize the current literature and focus on newer biomarkers, which are continuously added to the armamentarium of PDAC screening, predictive tools, and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Giannis
- Institute of Health Innovations and Outcomes Research, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-21-6571-6614
| | - Andrew S. Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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Markus M, Abendroth A, Noureddine R, Paul A, Breitenbuecher S, Virchow I, Schmid KW, Markus P, Schumacher B, Wiesweg M, Wendling J, Mende B, Siveke JT, Schuler M, Kasper S. Combined systemic inflammation score (SIS) correlates with prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:579-591. [PMID: 32839836 PMCID: PMC7817578 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognosis of patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains dismal. New cytotoxic agents such as nab-paclitaxel and liposomal irinotecan (nal-Iri) have extended the armamentarium of therapeutic options in the last years. Nowadays, sequential therapeutic strategies with moderately toxic chemotherapeutic protocols can be administered to the patients. However, prognostic and predictive biomarkers are still missing to identify those patients, which profit most from a "continuum of care" concept rather than receiving intensive first-line protocols such as FOLFIRINOX. To this end, we retrospectively evaluated the impact of the systemic inflammation as one essential hallmark of cancer in patients with advanced PDAC treated with sequential systemic. METHODS A cohort of 193 PDAC patients treated at our center from January 2005 to August 2011 were retrospectively evaluated for the following systemic inflammatory response (SIR) markers: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) C-reactive protein (CRP), and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). SIR markers were correlated with clinico-pathological findings, response to chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional models. RESULTS All evaluated SIR markers were significantly associated with OS in patients with metastatic disease but not in patients with locally advanced PDAC. Interestingly, all SIR markers were only prognostic in patients not receiving antibiotics as surrogate marker for systemic bacterial infections. Based on the evaluated SIR markers, we propose a new Systemic Inflammation Score (SIS), which significantly correlated with reduced OS (HR: 3.418 (1.802-6.488, p < 0.001)) and the likelihood of receiving further-line systemic therapies (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Routinely assessed SIR biomarkers have potential to support therapeutic decision making in patients with metastatic PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Markus
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCMCVK), Charité - University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Abendroth
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R Noureddine
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - A Paul
- West German Cancer Center, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Breitenbuecher
- Institute for Quality Assurance, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - I Virchow
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - K W Schmid
- West German Cancer Center, Institute of Pathology Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Markus
- Department of General Surgery and Traumatology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Schumacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Elisabeth Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Wiesweg
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Wendling
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Mende
- Central Pharmacy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J T Siveke
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Schuler
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Kasper
- West German Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Prognostic prediction of a 12-methylation gene-based risk score system on pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:85-98. [PMID: 32565937 PMCID: PMC7285752 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) accounts for ~85% of all pancreatic cancer cases and is associated with a less favorable prognosis. Aberrant DNA methylation may influence the progression of PAAD by inducing abnormal gene expression. Methylation data of PAAD samples with prognosis information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (training set) and European Bioinformatics Institute Array Express databases (validation sets). Using the limma package, the differentially methylated genes in the training dataset were screened. Combined with the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis package, the co-methylated genes in key modules were identified. Then, a cor.test function in R software was applied to explore the functions of key the methylated genes. Correlation analyses of the expression levels and methylation levels of key methylated genes were performed, followed by identification of methylated genes associated with prognosis using Univariate Cox regression analysis. The optimal combination of prognosis related methylated genes was determined using a Cox-Proportional Hazards (Cox-PH) model. Subsequently, the risk score prognostic prediction system was constructed by combining the Cox-PH prognosis coefficients of the selected optimized genes. Based on the constructed risk score system, samples in all datasets were divided into high and low risk samples and the survival status was compared using survival curves. Furthermore, the correlation between independent prognostic factors and the risk score system was determined using the survival package. A total of 50 genes associated with prognosis of PAAD and a 12-gene optimal combination were obtained, including: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, histone cluster 1 H4E, STAM binding protein-like 1, phospholipase D3, centrosomal protein 55, ssDNA binding protein 4, glutamate AMPA receptor subunit 1, switch-associated protein 70, adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide 1 receptor 1, yippee-like 3, homeobox C4 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1. Subsequently, a risk score prognostic prediction system of these 12 genes was constructed and validated. In addition, pathological N category, radiotherapy and risk status were identified as independent prognostic factors. Overall, the risk score prognostic prediction system constructed in the present study may be effective for predicting the prognosis of patients with PAAD.
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Xu SS, Li S, Xu HX, Li H, Wu CT, Wang WQ, Gao HL, Jiang W, Zhang WH, Li TJ, Ni QX, Liu L, Yu XJ. Haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet predicts postoperative survival in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:828-838. [PMID: 32148380 PMCID: PMC7052532 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i8.828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation and nutrition status play an important role in cancer metastasis. The combined index of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP), consisting of haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocytes, and platelets, is considered as a novel marker to reflect both systemic inflammation and nutrition status. However, no studies have investigated the relationship between HALP and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer following radical resection.
AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative HALP in pancreatic cancer patients.
METHODS The preoperative serum levels of hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte counts, and platelet counts were routinely detected in 582 pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients who underwent radical resection. The relationship between postoperative survival and the preoperative level of HALP was investigated.
RESULTS Low levels of HALP were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.032), high TNM stage (P = 0.008), female patients (P = 0.005) and tumor location in the head of the pancreas (P < 0.001). Low levels of HALP were associated with early recurrence [7.3 mo vs 16.3 mo, P < 0.001 for recurrence-free survival (RFS)] and short survival [11.5 mo vs 23.6 mo, P < 0.001 for overall survival (OS)] in patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A low level of HALP was an independent risk factor for early recurrence and short survival irrespective of sex and tumor location.
CONCLUSION Low levels of HALP may be a significant risk factor for RFS and OS in patients with resected pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wang Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wu-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quan-Xing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 20032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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