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Kaabi HH, Khounganian RM, Alomar MA, Ali Al-Qarni RA, Alshaiban SG, Aljumah SM, Alzahrani MA, Alanazi AA, Almslam A, Alghamdi AA. Association Between Kidney Stone and Dental Calculus in a Saudi Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e37279. [PMID: 37051443 PMCID: PMC10085292 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between dental calculus and kidney stones, and to identify the risk factors associated with the presence of these conditions. METHODS This study was carried out at the medical city, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 2020 and 2021. The study included 141 participants (70 with kidney stones and 71 with controls). The dental plaque and calculus indices were used to record plaque and calculus scores, respectively. All information was statistically investigated and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS The plaque and calculus indices were significantly higher in the control group when compared to the kidney stone group (p<0.05). A weak positive correlation between age and the calculus index in the kidney stone group was revealed (r=0.31, p=0.01). However, only within the age group 36-55, the results showed that the control group had a significantly higher calculus index than that of the kidney stone group (p=0.02). The married patients with kidney stones scored a significantly higher plaque index than the unmarried patients (p=0.03). CONCLUSION The dental plaque and calculus indices were lower in the kidney stone group than those of the non-kidney stone group. Therefore, the clinical observation of dental plaque and calculus may not be indicators of kidney stones. However, within the kidney stone group, elderly and married patients could be at a higher risk for developing dental calculus and plaque, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan H Kaabi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Rita M Khounganian
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammad A Alomar
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Almslam
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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D'souza LL, Lawande SA, Samuel J, Wiseman Pinto MJ. Effect of salivary urea, pH and ureolytic microflora on dental calculus formation and its correlation with periodontal status. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:8-12. [PMID: 36345494 PMCID: PMC9636048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Dental calculus, formed by mineralization of plaque predisposes to the development of periodontal disease. Aim To evaluate the influence of salivary urea and the presence of ureolytic bacteria on dental calculus formation and periodontal status in patients with good, fair and poor oral hygiene. Material and methods An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on 135 patients, 18–60 years of age. Based on the simplified calculus index, patients were divided into three groups, good oral hygiene, fair oral hygiene and poor oral hygiene. Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level and salivary pH were recorded for each subject. Saliva samples were collected to evaluate the urea levels using autoanalyzer method. Supragingival calculus samples were collected and presence and quantification of ureolytic bacteria were done by gram staining and bacterial culture and confirmed by biochemical reaction. For statistical analysis, test like Shapiro-Wilk test, Kruskal Wallis and Spearman's rho were used. Results Increase in salivary pH was associated with increased odds of higher calculus index score (odds ratio = 2.785). There was a non-significant weak correlation between salivary urea and ureolytic bacteria in dental calculus in all the three groups (p > 0.05). Higher calculus index score was associated with increased odds of presence of ureolytic bacteria (odds ratio>1). Conclusions Higher level of ureolytic bacteria with increasing calculus index score may breakdown the salivary urea to ammonia resulting in a ureolytic pH rise that facilitate calcium phosphate saturation leading to more calculus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberia L D'souza
- Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - Sandeep A Lawande
- Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
| | - James Samuel
- Department of Periodontics, Goa Dental College & Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Kumar A, Grover V, Satpathy A, Jain A, Grover HS, Khatri M, Kolte A, Dani N, Melath A, Chahal GS, Thomas B, Pradeep AR, Pandit N, Pillai BRM, Manjunath RGS, Nandkeoliar T, Puri K, Singhal R, Dodwad V, Bhardwaj A, Thakur R, Jalaluddin M, Boyapati R, Singh MK, Bansal M. ISP good clinical practice recommendations for gum care. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2023; 27:4-30. [PMID: 36873963 PMCID: PMC9979817 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_561_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is vital for the general well-being, overall body health and the quality of life throughout our lifetime. Most of the oral diseases and conditions are largely related to the maintenance of oral hygiene, lacking that people suffer from diverse oral diseases at different times in their life. With greater life expectancy, the individuals have teeth involved with periodontal diseases that would not only require professional care but also home gum care for them to last a lifetime. Indian Society of Periodontology (ISP) has recognized the need for systematic documents to update everyday clinical practice of general dental practitioners and have provided evidence-based consensus documents, namely good clinical practice recommendations from time to time to raise the oral health-related awareness and standards of oral healthcare delivery across the country. The current set of clinical practice recommendations focused to "Gum Care for All", is aimed at emphasizing and enhancing the awareness regarding oral health promotion, maintenance, and disease prevention. Twenty-five subject matter experts from across the nation, prepared these recommendations after a thorough literature review and group discussions. The document has been prepared in three distinct sections, namely pretherapeutic, therapeutic, and post therapeutic, to provide guidance during the respective phases of patient management and may serve as a quick and concise reference to the readers. The guidelines shall provide the distinct definitions, signs and symptoms, treatment required; recall visit specifications for plausible clinical case situations, home care advice regarding maintenance of oral hygiene including information on brushing technique, care and change of brush, use of interdental aids, and mouthwashes, etc. The document should advocate and guide the combined efforts of general dentists, and the population at large toward an empowered, evidence based, integrated, and comprehensive oral health care, which shall enhance the healthful functioning and longevity of the dentition and general health of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anurag Satpathy
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Institute, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Manish Khatri
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Kolte
- Department of Periodontics, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Anil Melath
- Department of Periodontics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Puducherry, India
| | - Gurparkash Singh Chahal
- Department of Periodontology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biju Thomas
- Department of Periodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangaluru, India
| | - Avni Raju Pradeep
- Department of Periodontology, The Oxford Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nymphea Pandit
- Department of Periodontology, D.A.V Dental College and Hospital, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | | | - R. G. Shiva Manjunath
- Department of Periodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanya Nandkeoliar
- Department of Periodontology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Komal Puri
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, PDM University, Bahadurgarh, Haryana, India
| | - Rameshwari Singhal
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vidya Dodwad
- Department of Periodontology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - Amit Bhardwaj
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Roshani Thakur
- Department of Periodontics, Saraswati Dhanvantari Dental College and Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Jalaluddin
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ramanarayana Boyapati
- Department of Periodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mansi Bansal
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Iwama R, Nagai H, Suzuki N, Izumi R, Kumamoto H, Takahashi T. A case of giant dental calculus in a patient with centronuclear myopathy. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2022. [PMID: 36031707 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centronuclear myopathy is a hereditary congenital muscle disease. It is characterized by generalized muscle hypotonia from early childhood, elongated cacial appearance, mandibular undergroth, and dental malposition. In this report, we discuss the clinical course and management of a patient with centronuclearmyopathy, who developed a giant dental calculus in the floor of the mouth and underwent surgical excision. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital, and reported a swelling in the floor of the mouth. The patient affects centronuclear myopathy and has generalized muscle weakness. CT images showed a high-density area in the floor of the mouth measuring 35 × 28 × 20 mm. The lesion was clinically diagnosed as giant dental calculus, and surgically removed. CONCLUSION We have experienced a case of giant dental calculus in a patient with centronuclear myopathy. In dental treatment, we must consider generalized muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Iwama
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nagai
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rumiko Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kumamoto
- Division of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takahashi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Enlund KB, Pettersson A, Eldh AC. Dog Owners' Ideas and Strategies Regarding Dental Health in Their Dogs-Thematic Analysis of Free Text Survey Responses. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:878162. [PMID: 35591871 PMCID: PMC9113195 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.878162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is the most common disease in dogs over 3 years of age. In dogs, as in humans, daily tooth brushing, as a means of active dental home care, is considered the gold standard for prophylaxis and prevention of periodontal disease progression. However, the performance of adequate tooth brushing is insufficient in dogs. There is no full account as to why dog owners fail to comply with this routine, but in order to facilitate better practice, a further understanding of dog owner's perspectives is needed. The aim of this study was to investigate dog owners' ideas and strategies regarding their dogs' dental health. In a large-scale Swedish survey regarding dental health in dogs, dog owners' free text comments (n = 8,742) from a concluding open-ended query were analyzed using qualitative methods. Many different notions concerning dental health in dogs were identified, of which perceived importance of different diets and chewing being the most prominent. Five common themes represented dog owners' ideas and strategies regarding dental health in their dogs: what is considered to cause dental problems; what is deemed not to promote dental health; how to prevent dental problems; what impedes proper dental care, and; needs for increased knowledge and support. Contrary to existing research and knowledge in the field, the respondents commonly trusted that diet procure good dental health in the dog, as does chewing on bones. Seemingly, a range of misconceptions flourish among dog owners, indicating a need to share information and experiences, as well as support to bridge barriers to tooth brushing and other aspects that can enhance dog owners' knowledge and practice. In addition, this study highlights the need for randomized controlled trials on effects of diets and supplements on different aspects of dental health; calculus, periodontal disease, and dental fractures, including dogs of different breeds, sizes and ages. Further research is also needed with respect to which strategies that best aid dog owners, by whom the support is best provided, when, and at what time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Brunius Enlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Karolina Brunius Enlund
| | - Ann Pettersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Catrine Eldh
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mae M, Alam MI, Yamashita Y, Ozaki Y, Higuchi K, Ziauddin SM, Montenegro Raudales JL, Sakai E, Tsukuba T, Yoshimura A. The Role of Cytokines Produced via the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mouse Macrophages Stimulated with Dental Calculus in Osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212434. [PMID: 34830316 PMCID: PMC8618367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental calculus (DC) is a common deposit in periodontitis patients. We have previously shown that DC contains both microbial components and calcium phosphate crystals that induce an osteoclastogenic cytokine IL-1β via the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages. In this study, we examined the effects of cytokines produced by mouse macrophages stimulated with DC on osteoclastogenesis. The culture supernatants from wild-type (WT) mouse macrophages stimulated with DC accelerated osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), but inhibited osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-primed RAW-D cells. WT, but not NLRP3-deficient, mouse macrophages stimulated with DC produced IL-1β and IL-18 in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent production of IL-1β and IL-18. Both WT and NLRP3-deficient mouse macrophages stimulated with DC produced IL-10, indicating the NLRP3 inflammasome-independent production of IL-10. Recombinant IL-1β accelerated osteoclastogenesis in both RANKL-primed BMMs and RAW-D cells, whereas recombinant IL-18 and IL-10 inhibited osteoclastogenesis. These results indicate that DC induces osteoclastogenic IL-1β in an NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent manner and anti-osteogenic IL-18 and IL-10 dependently and independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome, respectively. DC may promote alveolar bone resorption via IL-1β induction in periodontitis patients, but suppress resorption via IL-18 and IL-10 induction in some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Mae
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Mohammad Ibtehaz Alam
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.); (K.H.)
| | - Kanako Higuchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.); (K.H.)
| | - S. M. Ziauddin
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City 474-8511, Japan;
| | - Jorge Luis Montenegro Raudales
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100, Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0851, Japan;
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Takayuki Tsukuba
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; (M.M.); (M.I.A.); (Y.Y.); (Y.O.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-95-819-7681
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Allende MKG, Samplonius A. Dental anthropological report: Exploring plant-based treatments through the analysis of dental calculus and sediment of dental caries in a woman from the Late Preceramic period, Peru. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151849. [PMID: 34699992 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reconstructing plant-based healing treatments of past societies from a dental anthropological perspective is still challenging due to a wide range of plant species, many with both medicinal and nutritional properties, and limitations on plant-taxa identification. Starch grains and phytoliths retrieved in samples from dental calculus and sediment contained in the cavity of dental caries were examined to investigate the supply of a plant-based treatment in an individual buried in the Late Preceramic site of Huaca El Paraíso (2100-1500 BCE), whose osteological analysis reported the absence of any pathological condition at a bone tissue level. A variety of starch grains such as pumpkins, manioc, maize, and beans had an important role in the diet of the individual. The starch grains were embedded in their dental calculus, all of which, except for manioc, showed signs of cooking damage. Considering the context and characteristics of the crops, the nutritional properties of maize, pumpkins and beans are evident. However, parallel medicinal properties of manioc and maize could not be entirely denied. Phytoliths morphologically ascribed to the Asteraceae plant family, which suggest the consumption of medicinal plants of Andean vernacular use, were retrieved in the sediment of dental caries. Our results prove that the analysis of sediment obtained from dental caries is as valuable in tracing medicinal plant-based treatments as dental calculus in archaeological populations. There are still several limitations to approach this topic in dental anthropology, which are discussed in this report. The performance of both analyses -dental calculus and sediment of dental caries, is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kolp-Godoy Allende
- Amt für Städtebau (AFS), Archäologie und Denkmalpflege, Stadtarchäologie Zürich & Kantonsarchäologie, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Anton Samplonius
- Dent. Surg. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
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