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Tesfamariam K, Argaw A, Hanley-Cook GT, Gebreyesus SH, Kolsteren P, Belachew T, Van de Velde M, De Saeger S, De Boevre M, Lachat C. Multiple mycotoxin exposure during pregnancy and risks of adverse birth outcomes: a prospective cohort study in rural Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107052. [PMID: 34952355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mycotoxin exposure during pregnancy has been associated with adverse birth outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. The evidence, however, is inconsistent and mainly limited to the assessment of a single mycotoxin. We assessed biomarkers of exposure to multiple mycotoxins during pregnancy and their associations with adverse birth outcomes in rural Ethiopia. METHODS We analyzed data from 579 pregnant women between 8 and 24 weeks of completed gestation enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Serum mycotoxin concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear probability models, adjusted for potential confounding factors and multiple comparisons, were fitted to assess the associations between mycotoxin exposure and small for gestational age and preterm birth. We applied principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of biomarker data from several taxonomic mycotoxin groups. RESULTS All pregnant women were co-exposed to at least five mycotoxins, and one pregnant woman was co-exposed to 27 mycotoxins. Fumonisins (FB), i.e., FB2, FB3, FB1, and tenuazonic acid were the most frequently identified mycotoxins in 98.8, 95.3, 93.3, and 81.4% of the samples respectively. Deoxynivalenol was detected in 38.7%, nivalenol in 50.1%, ochratoxin α in 67.9%, and zearalenone in 50.9% of the serum samples. After adjustment, we found no statistically significant (all P ≥ 0.05) associations between mycotoxin exposures and birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Despite our study providing no evidence for relationships between mycotoxin biomarkers and adverse birth outcomes, our findings do indicate an extensive presence of multiple mycotoxin exposure among pregnant women. Public health policies and nutrition-sensitive interventions must ensure exposure to mycotoxins is reduced in rural Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokeb Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia; Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, MYTOX-SOUTH® Coordination Unit, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Argaw
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Giles T Hanley-Cook
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Seifu H Gebreyesus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mario Van de Velde
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, MYTOX-SOUTH® Coordination Unit, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, MYTOX-SOUTH® Coordination Unit, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, MYTOX-SOUTH® Coordination Unit, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Adugna DG, Worku MG. Maternal and neonatal factors associated with low birth weight among neonates delivered at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:899922. [PMID: 36046473 PMCID: PMC9420907 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.899922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low birth weight is a major contributory factor to infant mortality. Although low birth weight remains an important public health problem in Ethiopia, little emphasis is paid to its intervention as a means of reducing neonatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of low birth weight and its associated maternal and neonatal factors in newborns delivered at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. METHODS Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted, and 481 study participants were selected using systematic random sampling methods. Pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression was implemented. Finally, the odds ratio with a 95% CI and a p-value of <0.05 were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight. RESULT The prevalence of low birth weight was 12.5% (95% CI; 9.8, 15.7%). Preterm birth (AOR = 38; 95% CI: 15.3, 93.0), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (AOR = 2.6; 95%CI: 1.1, 6.4), maternal body mass index (BMI) of < 18.5 kg/m2 (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 1.5, 31.1), and grand multiparity (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.2, 16) were factors positively associated with low birth weight. However, babies delivered from mothers with age > 35 years (AOR = 0.14:95% CI 0.03, 0.7) had lower odds of low birth weight. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of low birth weight was higher than in the previous studies. The study revealed preterm birth, PIH, BMI of < 18.5 kg/m2, and grand multiparity were independent factors that increase the low birth weight while maternal age > 35 years reduces the low birth weight. Therefore, healthcare professionals should emphasize the early identification and management of women with PIH, tackling prematurity, and preventing maternal malnutrition through nutritional counseling as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Gebrie Worku
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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