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Prasannakumar A, Kumar V, Mailankody P, Appaji A, Battu R, Berendschot TTJM, Rao NP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:707-720. [PMID: 37070475 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2203231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to the common neurodevelopmental origin and easy accessibility, the retina serves as a surrogate marker for changes in the brain. Hence, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a tool to examine the neuronal layers of retina has gained importance in investigating psychiatric disorders. Several studies in the last decade have reported retinal structural alterations in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the findings are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate alterations in OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD. METHODS We searched electronic databases for studies that examined OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD published up to January 2023. The primary outcome measures were thickness and volumes of the retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL). We conducted meta-analysis using a random effects model. RESULTS The searches yielded 2638 publications of which 43 studies were included in the final analysis across all disorders. Compared to controls, the RNFL was thinner in SCZ patients (SMD = -0.37, p = <0.001) and BD patients (SMD = -0.67, p = < 0.001), but not in MDD patients (SMD = -0.08, p = 0.54). On quadrant wise analysis, temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner in SCZ but not in BD, while all other quadrants were thinner in both SCZ and BD. CONCLUSION We found significant reductions in RNFL thickness in SCZ and BD, but not in MDD. The differential involvement in various quadrants and parameters across the disorders has potential implications for using retinal parameters as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Prasannakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Mailankody
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Appaji
- Department of Medical Electronics, BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Opthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rajani Battu
- Department of Opthalmology, Centre for Eye Genetics and Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- Department of Opthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Naren P Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Olfactory impairment in psychiatric disorders: Does nasal inflammation impact disease psychophysiology? Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 35927242 PMCID: PMC9352903 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory impairments contribute to the psychopathology of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression. Recent neuroscience research has shed light on the previously underappreciated olfactory neural circuits involved in regulation of higher brain functions. Although environmental factors such as air pollutants and respiratory viral infections are known to contribute to the risk for psychiatric disorders, the role of nasal inflammation in neurobehavioral outcomes and disease pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we will first provide an overview of published findings on the impact of nasal inflammation in the olfactory system. We will then summarize clinical studies on olfactory impairments in schizophrenia and depression, followed by preclinical evidence on the neurobehavioral outcomes produced by olfactory dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss the potential impact of nasal inflammation on brain development and function, as well as how we can address the role of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders. Considering the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which often causes nasal inflammation and serious adverse effects for olfactory function that might result in long-lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae, this line of research is particularly critical to understanding of the potential significance of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Hong KE, Kim SA, Shin DY, Park CK, Park HYL. Ocular and Hemodynamic Factors Contributing to the Central Visual Function in Glaucoma Patients With Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:26. [PMID: 35604665 PMCID: PMC9150826 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the ocular and hemodynamic factors contributing to the central visual function in glaucoma patients with myopia. Methods This study was a prospective observational study, which included 236 eyes of 140 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), which includes 114 eyes with mild myopia (axial length ≥24 and <26 mm) and 122 eyes with moderate-to-severe myopia (axial length ≥26 mm). Ocular characteristics were axial length and posterior pole profiles, including peripapillary atrophy (PPA) to disc area ratio, disc tilt ratio, disc torsion, and disc-foveal angle. Hemodynamic factors included standard deviation of the mean of qualified normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) of a heart rate variability (HRV) test and vessel density (VD) parameters from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The root mean square error was estimated as a measure of the VD fluctuation. Association between ocular characteristics and VD parameters of the OCTA with the central sensitivity of the 10-degree visual field or the presence of central scotoma were analyzed. Results Deep layer VD of the peripapillary and macular areas showed significant differences between mild and moderate-to-severe myopia (P = 0.034 and P = 0.045, respectively). Structural parameters, especially PPA to disc area ratio, had significant correlation with peripapillary VD parameters in myopic eyes. Lower SDNN value (ß = 0.924, P = 0.011), lower deep VD of the macular area (ß = 0.845, P = 0.001), and greater fluctuation of deep VD in the peripapillary area (ß = 1.517, P = 0.005) were associated with the presence of central scotoma in patients with glaucoma with myopia in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions The structural changes by myopia, especially in the peripapillary region, affected VD parameters in myopic eyes. Lower deep VD and greater VD fluctuation in the peripapillary region showed association with central scotoma in patients with glaucoma with myopia, suggesting both structural and vascular changes by myopia may be related to central visual function in glaucoma patients with myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Euy Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ah Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kee Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lopilly Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen S, Zhong H, Mei G. Stable abnormalities of contrast discrimination sensitivity in subthreshold depression: A longitudinal study. Psych J 2022; 11:194-204. [PMID: 35168295 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Subthreshold depression (StD), as a subclinical state, is highly prevalent and increases the risk for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several studies have reported deficits of contrast sensitivity in MDD patients, it is unclear whether individuals with StD could demonstrate deficits of contrast sensitivity and whether the deficits could remain stable over time. Here we used a contrast discrimination task (a suprathreshold task) and a contrast detection task (a near-threshold task) to compare contrast sensitivity of the StD group with that of matched non-depressed controls. For each task, a spatial four-alternative forced-choice method and a psychophysical QUEST procedure were used to measure contrast discrimination threshold or contrast detection threshold. Participants performed an initial assessment and a follow-up assessment 4 months later. Compared to the non-depressed controls, individuals with StD demonstrated reduced contrast discrimination sensitivity, not only at the initial assessment but also at the follow-up assessment, indicating a stable abnormality. Contrast discrimination thresholds at the initial assessment did not predict changes of depression symptom severity over time. For contrast detection sensitivity, there was no significant difference between the StD group and non-depressed controls. We concluded that contrast discrimination testing might provide a trait-dependent biomarker for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Education, Guiyang Ninth High School, Guiyang, China
| | - Han Zhong
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gaoxing Mei
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Liu X, Lai S, Ma S, Yang H, Liu L, Yu G, Zhong S, Jia Y, Zhong J. Development of a Novel Retina-Based Diagnostic Score for Early Detection of Major Depressive Disorder: An Interdisciplinary View. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:897759. [PMID: 35664496 PMCID: PMC9162334 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically effective markers for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) are lacking. Alterations in retinal features are closely related to the pathophysiological progression of MDD. However, the reliable retina-related diagnostic model for MDD remains to be developed. Thus, our study aimed to quantitatively evaluate retinal vascular and structural changes in MDD patients and to develop a reliable diagnostic model of MDD based on retinal parameters. METHODS Seventy-eight patients with MDD and 47 healthy controls (HCs) underwent retinal vessel density and structure examination using optical coherence tomography angiography and visual field examination using perimetry. Independent-sample t test was used to assess the differences in retinal parameters between the groups. Meanwhile, we constructed the corresponding retina-based diagnostic model by LASSO logistic regression. Finally, the diagnostic ability of the model was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration plot of nomogram. RESULTS MDD patients showed lower retinal vessel density (including radial peripapillary capillary vessel density, superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel density), thinner subfoveal choroidal thickness, and poorer visual fields compared to HCs (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, a retina-based diagnostic model was constructed and shows a strong diagnostic capability for MDD (AUC = 0.9015, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with MDD showed distinct retinal features compared to HCs. The retina-based diagnostic model is expected to be a necessary complement to the diagnosis of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shisi Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocheng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Sesar I, Pušić-Sesar A, Jurišić D, Sesar A, Merdžo I, Ćavar I. HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA PATIENTS. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:623-631. [PMID: 34285433 PMCID: PMC8253074 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.04.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the relationship between general health-related quality of life (GHRQL) and sociodemographic factors in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. A prospective cross-sectional study included 207 glaucoma patients. GHRQL was determined via two self-administered questionnaires: the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) and the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Male and 50- to 69-year-old glaucoma patients, followed by patients who regularly used antiglaucoma therapy and those without progression of glaucoma reported a significantly higher quality of life as measured by the EQ-5D index and the EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) (p<0.05 all). Similarly, the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) of SF-36 had significantly higher values for these patients (p<0.05 all). Furthermore, glaucoma patients with higher education and economic status, glaucoma patients who lived in rural areas, and those who were married achieved higher scores on EQ-5D and SF-36. In conclusion, progression of the disease, female sex, older age, lower education and economic status, urban area and unmarried status negatively affect quality of life in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Pušić-Sesar
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mostar University Hospital, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Darija Jurišić
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mostar University Hospital, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Antonio Sesar
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mostar University Hospital, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivan Merdžo
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mostar University Hospital, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivan Ćavar
- 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mostar University Hospital, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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