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Rajhi AA. Mechanical Characterization of Hybrid Nano-Filled Glass/Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4852. [PMID: 36432980 PMCID: PMC9694528 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials are very versatile in use because of their high specific stiffness and high specific strength characteristics. The main limitation of this material is its brittle nature (mainly due to the low stiffness and low fracture toughness of resin) that leads to reduced properties that are matrix dominated, including impact strength, compressive strength, in-plane shear, fracture toughness, and interlaminar strength. One method of overcoming these limitations is using nanoparticles as fillers in an FRP composite. Thereby, this present paper is focused on studying the effect of nanofillers added to glass/epoxy composite materials on mechanical behavior. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), nano-silica (NS), and nano-iron oxide (NFe) are the nanofillers selected, as they can react with the resin system in the present-case epoxy to contribute a significant improvement to the polymer cross-linking web. Glass/epoxy composites are made with four layers of unidirectional E-glass fiber modified by nanoparticles with four different weight percentages (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0%). For reference, a sample without nanoparticles was made. The mechanical characterizations of these samples were completed under tensile, compressive, flexural, and impact loading. To understand the failure mechanism, an SEM analysis was also completed on the fractured surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rajhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Tiwari N, Shaikh AA. Effect of size and surface area of graphene nanoplatelets on the thermomechanical and interfacial properties of shape memory multiscale composites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2061864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Tiwari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat. India
| | - A. A. Shaikh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat. India
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3
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Okonkwo UC, Idumah CI, Okafor CE, Ohagwu CC, Aronu ME, Okokpujie IP, Chukwu NN, Chukwunyelu CE. Development, Characterization, and Properties of Polymeric Nanoarchitectures for Radiation Attenuation. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shi X, Luo S, Du X, Li Q, Cheng S. Improvement the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153091. [PMID: 35956608 PMCID: PMC9370361 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface chemical modification of carbon nanotubes can enhance the compatibility with polymers and improve flame retardancy performances. In this work, the double bond active sites were constructed on the surface of carbon nanotubes modified by the γ-methacryloyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH570). Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was further grafted onto the surface of carbon nanotubes via free radical polymerization. Finally, the flame retardant melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was bonded to the surface of carbon nanotubes by the ring-opening reaction. This modification process was proved to be achieved by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric test. The carbon nanotubes modified by flame retardant were added into the epoxy matrix and cured to prepare flame retardant and thermal conductive composites. The flame retardancy of composites were studied by cone calorimetry, UL94 vertical combustion test and limiting oxygen index. The thermal conductivity of composites was characterized by laser thermal conductivity instrument. The results showed that when the addition amount of flame retardant MPP-modified carbon nanotubes in composites was 10 wt%, the flame retardant level of UL94 reached to V2, the limiting oxygen index increased from 25.1 of pure epoxy resin to 28.3, the PHRR of pure epoxy resin was reduced from 800 kW/m2 to 645 kW/m2 of composites and thermal conductivity of composites was enhanced from 0.21 W/m·K−1 of pure epoxy resin to 0.42 W/m·K−1 of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Shiying Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiangxiang Du
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
| | - Qingbin Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China; (X.S.); (S.L.); (X.D.)
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shiping Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-Economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (S.C.)
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Highly Aligned Ni-Decorated GO–CNT Nanostructures in Epoxy with Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132583. [PMID: 35808627 PMCID: PMC9269130 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide–carbon nanotubes nanostructures decorated with nickel nanoparticles (NiGNT) were prepared through the molecular-level-mixing method, followed by a reduction process, and then applied as reinforcements to enhance the epoxy resin matrix. The ferromagnetism of the Ni nanoparticles allowed NiGNT nanostructures to be vertically aligned within the composite with the assistance of a magnetic field. Due to the alignment distribution of the NiGNT, the composites demonstrated enhanced anisotropic thermal and electrical conduction performances, compared with pure epoxy and randomly distributed composites. The aligned distribution of NiGNT–epoxy composites displayed 2.7 times higher thermal conductivity and around 104 times better electrical conduction performance, compared with pure epoxy. The thermal expansion of NiGNT–epoxy composite was also restricted in the aligned direction of NiGNT nanostructures. Thus, NiGNT–epoxy composites show great potential as future aerospace, aviation, and automobile materials.
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Velo MMDAC, Filho FGN, de Lima Nascimento TR, Obeid AT, Castellano LC, Costa RM, Brondino NCM, Fonseca MG, Silikas N, Mondelli RFL. Enhancing the mechanical properties and providing bioactive potential for graphene oxide/montmorillonite hybrid dental resin composites. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10259. [PMID: 35715426 PMCID: PMC9205868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study synthetized hybrid composite nanoparticles of graphene oxide (GO) and montmorillonite MMt (GO-MMt) by ultrasound treatments. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-Raman, FTIR, TEM and SEM. The effect of their incorporation (0.3% and 0.5%) on the mechanical properties in a resin-based composite (RBC) and their bioactivity potential were evaluated. The specimens were characterized by evaluating their 3-point flexural strength (n = 6), modulus of elasticity (n = 6), degree of conversion (n = 6), microhardness (n = 6), contact angle (n = 3) and SEM analysis (n = 3). In vitro test in SBF were conducted in the RBCs modified by the hybrid. Overall, the synthetized hybrid composite demonstrated that GO was intercalated with MMt, showing a more stable compound. ANOVA and Tukey test showed that RBC + 0.3% GO-MMt demonstrated superior values of flexural strength, followed by RBC + 0.5% GO-MMt (p < 0.05) and both materials showed higher values of microhardness. All groups presented a contact angle below 90°, characterizing hydrophilic materials. RBCs modified by the hybrid showed Ca and P deposition after 14 days in SBF. In conclusion, RBCs composed by the hybrid showed promising results in terms of mechanical properties and bioactive potential, extending the application of GO in dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Mattar de Amôedo Campos Velo
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Gilmário Nunes Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Extension Center for Fuels and Materials Laboratory (NPELACOM), Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rita de Lima Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Extension Center for Fuels and Materials Laboratory (NPELACOM), Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alyssa Teixeira Obeid
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Cançado Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), UFPB Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Mendonça Costa
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Gardennia Fonseca
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Extension Center for Fuels and Materials Laboratory (NPELACOM), Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
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Influence of Elevated Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Flax-Fiber-Epoxy Composites Incorporating Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091841. [PMID: 35567010 PMCID: PMC9101349 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural fibers are now becoming widely adopted as reinforcements for polymer matrices to produce biodegradable and renewable composites. These natural composites have mechanical properties acceptable for use in many industrial and structural applications under ambient temperatures. However, there is still limited understanding regarding the mechanical performance of natural fiber composites when exposed to in-service elevated temperatures. Moreover, nanoparticle additives are widely utilized in reinforced composites as they can enhance mechanical, thermal, and physical performance. Therefore, this research extensively investigates the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural properties of flax fiber composites with graphene at different weight percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and exposed to in-service elevated temperatures (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C). Mechanical tests were conducted followed by microscopic observations to analyze the interphase between the flax fibers and epoxy resin. The results showed that a significant improvement in flexural strength, modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of the composites was achieved by adding 0.5% of graphene. Increasing the graphene to 1.0% and 1.5% gradually decreased the enhancement in the flexural and ILSS strength. SEM observations showed that voids caused by filler agglomeration were increasingly formed in the natural fiber reinforced composites with the increase in graphene addition.
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Sharma H, Kumar A, Rana S, Guadagno L. An Overview on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites: Effect of Graphene Oxide Incorporation on Composites Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081548. [PMID: 35458296 PMCID: PMC9032017 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are used in a variety of applications such as aircraft, automobiles, body armors, and the sports sector owing to their ultra-strong and lightweight characteristics. However, the incorporation of an untreated pristine carbon fiber surface leads to a weak interfacial interaction with the polymeric matrix, thus triggering catastrophic failure of the composite material. Graphene oxide, a 2D-macromolecule consisting of several polar functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl on the basal planes and edges, tends to increase the surface area and has thus been applied between the fiber and matrix, helping to improve CFRP properties. Herein, we condense different routes of functionalization of GO nanosheets and their incorporation onto a fiber surface or in a carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix, helping to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix, and thus allowing effective stress transfer and energy absorption. The improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix is due to the peculiar structure of GO nanoparticles composed of polar groups, especially on the edges of the nanosheets, able to provide strong interaction with the hosting cured epoxy matrix, and the "core" part similar to the structure of CFs, and hence able to establish strong π-π interactions with the reinforcing CFs. The article also covers the effect of functionalized graphene oxide incorporation on the mechanical, thermal, electrical, and viscoelastic properties of composite materials reinforced with carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Sharma
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Ajay Kumar
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (S.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Sravendra Rana
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (S.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Liberata Guadagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (S.R.); (L.G.)
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Reinforced Epoxy Composites Modified with Functionalized Graphene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020338. [PMID: 35054744 PMCID: PMC8778462 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using graphene oxide as a modifying additive for polymer fiber-reinforced composites based on epoxy resin and basalt roving has been studied. The content of graphene oxide in the system has been experimentally selected, which has the best effect on the physico-mechanical properties of the obtained polymer composite material. The efficiency of the modification of the graphene oxide surface with APTES finishing additives and aminoacetic acid, which provides chemical interaction at the polymer matrix–filler interface, has been considered. The influence of graphene oxide and functionalizing additives on the polymer curing process was investigated using the thermometric method and differential scanning calorimetry.
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Shcherbakov AS, Mostovoy AS, Yakovlev NA, Arzamastsev SV. Effect of Carbon Nanotube Functionalization on the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Modified Fiber-Reinforced Composites Based on an Epoxy Resin. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427221080097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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A. Abu Saleem R, Abdelal N, Alsabbagh A, Al-Jarrah M, Al-Jawarneh F. Radiation Shielding of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Incorporating Lead Nanoparticles-An Empirical Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3699. [PMID: 34771256 PMCID: PMC8587508 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, an empirical approach based on a computational analysis is performed to study the shielding properties of epoxy/carbon fiber composites and epoxy/glass fiber composites incorporating lead nanoparticle (PbNPs) additives in the epoxy matrix. For this analysis, an MCNP5 model is developed for calculating the mass attenuation coefficients of the two fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites incorporating lead nanoparticles of different weight fractions. The model is verified and validated for different materials and different particle additives. Empirical correlations of the mass attenuation coefficient as a function of PbNPs weight fraction are developed and statistically analyzed. The results show that the mass attenuation coefficient increases as the weight fraction of lead nanoparticles increases up to a certain threshold (~15 wt%) beyond which the enhancement in the mass attenuation coefficient becomes negligible. Furthermore, statistical parameters of the developed correlations indicate that the correlations can accurately capture the behavior portrayed by the simulation data with acceptable root mean square error (RMSE) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabie A. Abu Saleem
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.A.); (M.A.-J.); (F.A.-J.)
| | - Nisrin Abdelal
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Ahmad Alsabbagh
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.A.); (M.A.-J.); (F.A.-J.)
| | - Maram Al-Jarrah
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.A.); (M.A.-J.); (F.A.-J.)
| | - Fatima Al-Jawarneh
- Nuclear Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.A.); (M.A.-J.); (F.A.-J.)
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Kaushal A, Singh V. Analysis of mechanical, thermal, electrical and
EMI
shielding properties of graphite/carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites prepared via a twin screw extruder. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kaushal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Hamirpur India
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Hamirpur India
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Gas separation using graphene nanosheet: insights from theory and simulation. J Mol Model 2020; 26:322. [PMID: 33118096 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of porous graphene, especially experimental research, is a challenging issue in related academic and technology and has become a hot topic in recent years. It is well known that the preparation of porous graphene is a difficult problem in experimental techniques. To prepare nanoporous graphene, much attention must focus on the quality of nanoporous structures and throughput array pores. Therefore, a comprehensive summary as much as possible has been made to provide a better understanding of the progress. A summary of synthesis techniques, the properties of nanoporous graphene membranes from the synthesis point of view, and potential applications of porous graphene and graphene oxide for gas separation on the basis of theoretical studies were given attention in this paper. Gas separation, including carbon dioxide capture, gas storage, natural gas sweetening, and flue gas purification through porous graphene, is of great interest. Porous graphene with narrow pore distribution provides exciting opportunities in gas separation processes.
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McClements J, Koutsos V. Thin Polymer Film Force Spectroscopy: Single Chain Pull-out and Desorption. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:152-157. [PMID: 35638675 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to investigate the force associated with chain pull-out and single chain desorption of poly(styrene-co-butadiene) random copolymer thin films on mica, silicon, and graphite substrates. Chain pull-out events were common and produced a force of 20-25 pN. The polymer desorption force was strongest on the graphite substrate and weakest on the mica, which agreed with the calculated work of adhesion for each system and the substrate hydrophobicity. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that there was a systematic order to when each of these phenomena occurred during the tip retraction from the surface, which provided information about the structure of the thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake McClements
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom
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Yang Z, Sun Y. Tension dynamics of graphene oxide and peculiar change of yield strain. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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