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Krishnan CS, Li KC, Tompkins GR, Lyons KM, Cannon RD. Effects of simulated long-term exposure to bottled, neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water on the properties of denture base resins. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 132:267.e1-267.e10. [PMID: 38622046 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Denture stomatitis can pose serious health risks, especially to older people. Chemical denture cleaning agents must be effective, yet not adversely affect the longevity of removable dentures. Ready-to-use (RTU) neutral pH electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) is an effective biocide against Candida albicans biofilms on denture resins, but the effects of daily disinfection with EOW on the physical and mechanical properties of resins have not been established. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of simulated long-term exposure to RTU EOW on the color, surface characteristics, and flexural strength of denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Heat-polymerized (HP), 3D printed (3D) and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM)-milled (CC) denture resin specimens (square: 20×20×3.3 mm; beam: 64×10×3.3 mm) were immersed in tap water (TW), RTU EOW (Neutral Anolyte ANK; Envirolyte; EOW), or a commercial denture cleaning tablet solution (Polident 3-Minute; Glaxo SmithKline; PD), mimicking a 5-minute once daily disinfection routine performed up to 3.0 years. Color and surface roughness were recorded (n=3, squares), and changes in color (∆E00) and surface roughness (∆Ra) were calculated. Flexural strength (n=12, beams) and surface hardness (n=18, beams) were measured with a universal testing machine. The fractured surfaces of specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Data were assessed by performing the Shapiro-Wilk or D'Agostino and Pearson normality tests. Two-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test with a post hoc Tukey HSD or Dunn multiple comparisons (α=.05) was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS No significant changes were found in either color or surface roughness for HP, 3D, and CC resins after 1.5-year and 3.0-year immersion in any of the agents (P>.05). The surface hardness of 3D resins reduced by 14% with TW and by 23% with EOW and PD at 3.0 years. The flexural strengths of all 3 resins were unaffected by 3.0-year immersion (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Simulated long-term immersion disinfection with RTU neutral pH EOW did not adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties of HP or CC denture resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Shankar Krishnan
- Doctoral graduate, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Senior Lecturer, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Geoffrey R Tompkins
- Honorary Associate Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karl M Lyons
- Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Professor, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Sayed ME, Jain S, Jokhadar HF, Alshahrani AA, AlResayes SS, Alqahtani SM, Alqarni H, Anab NA, Alsubeaie NH, Alsubaie SH, Khalid A, Franco R, Minervini G. Effect of smokeless tobacco on color stability and surface roughness of CAD/CAM milled, 3D printed, and conventional provisional crown and fixed dental prosthesis materials: An in vitro study. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:1697-1711. [PMID: 37694329 DOI: 10.3233/thc-230723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provisional fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) plays an important role during fixed prosthodontic therapy till the definitive. Discoloration of materials used for provisional FDPs can cause patient dissatisfaction and may create doubt about the color stability of the definitive FDP. Surface roughness is the other major property to be taken into consideration for provisional FDP materials. Smokeless tobacco is reported to affect the color stability and surface roughness of different prosthetic materials. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of two types of smokeless tobacco (black and white) on color stability and surface roughness of 3D printed, CAD/CAM milled, and conventional provisional FDP resin materials. METHODS A total of 144 disc-shaped specimens were fabricated using four techniques CAD/CAM subtractive technique (milling), CAD/CAM additive technique (3D Printing), and conventional technique using autopolymerized PMMA, and autopolymerized Bis-acrylic resins. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups of twelve specimens each, and were submerged into three solutions (artificial salivary substitute, black smokeless tobacco, white smokeless tobacco). The change in color and surface roughness was evaluated and the data collected were statistically analyzed. RESULTS It was observed that black smokeless tobacco caused the maximum color change and the effect was highest in autopolymerized PMMA resin specimens (ΔE = 9.343 ± 0.489), followed by 3D printed (ΔE = 7.187 ± 0.391), autopolymerized Bis-acryl (ΔE = 6.464 ± 0.453) and milled (ΔE = 4.978 ± 0.227). White smokeless tobacco was found to cause a maximum change in surface roughness and the effect was highest in autopolymerized Bis-acryl specimens (ΔRa = 0.321 ± 0.015 μm), followed by autopolymerized PMMA (ΔRa = 0.297± 0.015 μm), 3D printed (ΔRa = 0.191 ± 0.019 μm), and milled (ΔRa = 0.168 ± 0.014 μm). Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) differences were observed among all techniques and solutions. CONCLUSIONS The change in color and surface roughness were maximum in the case of FDPs prepared using autopolymerizing resins, followed by 3D printed, and CAD/CAM milled reins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam F Jokhadar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahid Amer Alshahrani
- Department of Dental Technology, Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Saleh AlResayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Alqarni
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah, Saudi Arabia
- International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najwa Ali Anab
- Resident Services in Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery (OMFS), Mohammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rocco Franco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergate", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai, India
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Grachev DI, Zolotnitsky IV, Stepanov DY, Kozulin AA, Mustafaev MS, Deshev AV, Arutyunov DS, Tlupov IV, Panin SV, Arutyunov SD. Ranking Technologies of Additive Manufacturing of Removable Complete Dentures by the Results of Their Mechanical Testing. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:265. [PMID: 37999029 PMCID: PMC10670402 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a methodology was developed for ranking manufacturing technologies of removable complete dentures (RCDs) according to the results of their full-scale mechanical tests. The actuality of the study is motivated by establishing the advantages and drawbacks of 3D-printed RCDs in contrast with ones manufactured via an analog protocol. The RCDs were fabricated via four technological routes that included various combinations of subtractive technologies (hot polymerization/HP and CAD/CAM milling) and additive manufacturing (digital light processing/DLP) ones and the installation of commercially available cosmetic denture teeth (DT). In the mechanical tests, different blocks of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars) were loaded. To solve the ranking problem, it was proposed to interpret the results of the mechanical tests in terms of the reliability, durability and compliance/stiffness criteria. For this purpose, the combined AHP-VIKOR method was applied. In addition, a computer simulation of the mechanical loading conditions and the response of the RCDs was performed based on the finite element method (FEM). As the key conclusion, it was stated that additive manufacturing (AM) methods are competitive and cost-effective techniques for the fabrication of RCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I. Grachev
- Digital Dentistry Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.G.)
| | - Igor V. Zolotnitsky
- Orthopedic Dentistry Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Yu. Stepanov
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Polymer Composite Materials, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Alexander A. Kozulin
- Department of Solid Mechanics, Physical-Technical Faculty of National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Magomet Sh. Mustafaev
- Institution of Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Kabardino-Balkarian State University Named after H.M. Berbekov, 360004 Nalchik, Russia; (M.S.M.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.T.)
| | - Aslan V. Deshev
- Institution of Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Kabardino-Balkarian State University Named after H.M. Berbekov, 360004 Nalchik, Russia; (M.S.M.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.T.)
| | - Dmitriy S. Arutyunov
- Propaedeutics and Prosthodontics Technology Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Islam V. Tlupov
- Institution of Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Kabardino-Balkarian State University Named after H.M. Berbekov, 360004 Nalchik, Russia; (M.S.M.); (A.V.D.); (I.V.T.)
| | - Sergey V. Panin
- Laboratory of Mechanics of Polymer Composite Materials, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Sergey D. Arutyunov
- Digital Dentistry Department, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia; (D.I.G.)
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N J, Ahmed N, Rattan R. Evaluation and Assessment of the Colour Stability of Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Materials and Polyether Ether Ketone in a Cast Partial Denture Framework: An In-Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48189. [PMID: 38054115 PMCID: PMC10694397 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the frequent aesthetic issues patients confront is the loss of colour and lifeless appearance of the dentures of the base materials of their dentures after regular use. This leads to a lack of motivation to use the denture regularly. Due to the drawbacks of conventional PMMA, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and newer polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based materials have now started being used in cast partial denture frameworks due to their superior physical and biological properties. The lack of long-lasting colour is one of the main reasons for the repeat of dental prostheses. Hence, the need for the study is to help clinicians decide which would be the most suitable denture base material to be used based on colour stability. Aim To assess and compare the colour stability of PEEK, polyan, and biodentaplast denture base materials (DBMs) upon staining with distilled water, tea, coffee, and turmeric solutions after one day, seven days, and 30 days. Methods A total of 20 cuboidal specimens were constructed and immersed in distilled water, tea, coffee, and turmeric (five specimens of each material in each solution, a total of 60 specimens): Group 1: PEEK, Group 2: polyan, Group 3: biodentaplast. All specimens were subjected to colour measurements before exposure to beverage solutions, after 24 hours, on the seventh day and 30th day with a colour reflectance spectrophotometer with computer software. A one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) was performed for comparison of colour stability between the DBMs, revealing a significant difference between PEEK and polyan and PEEK and biodentaplast. Polyan showed the highest delta E values, followed by biodentaplast and PEEK. A two-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc, was done to compare the staining ability of various staining solutions. Turmeric had the highest delta E values, followed by coffee, tea, and distilled water. Data were assessed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 23) (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) software. Results The highest mean delta E value at T1 was seen in biodentaplast immersed in turmeric (12.3900+/-0.442), and the least value at T1 was obtained for PEEK immersed in distilled water (0.4460+/-0.036). The highest mean delta E value at T2 was seen in polyan immersed in turmeric (13.0160+/-0.28962), and the least value at T2 was obtained for PEEK immersed in distilled water (0.5860+/-0.051). At T3, the highest mean delta E value was seen in polyan immersed in turmeric (16.8600+/-0.49845), and the least value at T3 was obtained for PEEK immersed in distilled water (0.700+/-0.037). Conclusion PEEK had the highest colour stability when compared with polyan and biodentaplast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Nabeel Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rekha Rattan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Raffaini JC, Soares EJ, Oliveira RFDL, Vivanco RG, Amorim AA, Pereira ALC, Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of artificial aging on mechanical and physical properties of CAD-CAM PMMA resins for occlusal splints. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:227-237. [PMID: 37936836 PMCID: PMC10625884 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.5.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess and compare the color stability, flexural strength (FS), and surface roughness of occlusal splints fabricated from heat-cured acrylic resin, milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based resin, and 3D-printed (PMMA) based-resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples of each type of resin were obtained, and baseline measurements of color and surface roughness were recorded. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 10) and subjected to distinct aging protocols: thermomechanical cycling (TMC), simulated brushing (SB), and control (without aging). Final assessments of color and surface roughness and three-point bending test (ODM100; Odeme) were conducted, and data were statistically analyzed (2-way ANOVA, Tukey, P <.05). RESULTS Across all resin types, the most significant increase in surface roughness (Ra) was observed after TMC (P < .05), with the 3D-printed resin exhibiting the lowest Ra (P < .05). After brushing, milled resin displayed the highest Ra (P < .05) and greater color alteration (ΔE00) compared to 3D-printed resin. The most substantial ΔE00 was recorded after brushing for all resins, except for heat-cured resin subjected to TMC. Regardless of aging, milled resin exhibited the highest FS (P < .05), except when compared to 3D-printed resin subjected to TMC. Heat-cured resin exposed to TMC demonstrated the lowest FS, different (P < .05) from the control. Under control conditions, milled resin exhibited the highest FS, different (P < .05) from the brushed group. 3D-printed resin subjected to TMC displayed the highest FS (P < .05). CONCLUSION Among the tested resins, 3D-printed resin demonstrated superior longevity, characterized by minimal surface roughness and color alterations. Aging had a negligible impact on its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Correa Raffaini
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jose Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Franco de Lima Oliveira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rocio Geng Vivanco
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Mahrous AA, Alhammad A, Alqahtani F, Aljar Y, Alkadi A, Taymour N, Alotaibi A, Akhtar S, Gad MM. The Toothbrushing Effects on Surface Properties and Color Stability of CAD/CAM and Pressable Ceramic Fixed Restorations-An In Vitro Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2950. [PMID: 37109785 PMCID: PMC10142931 DOI: 10.3390/ma16082950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pressable ceramic restorations have been introduced and investigated, and found comparable to CAD/CAM ceramic in terms of mechanical properties; however, the effect of toothbrushing on the pressable ceramic has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of artificial toothbrushing simulation on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of different ceramic materials. Three lithium disilicate-based ceramics (IPS Emax CAD [EC], IPS Emax Press [EP]; (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), and LiSi Press [LP] (GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan)) were examined. For each ceramic material, eight bar-shaped specimens were prepared and subjected to 10,000 brushing cycles. Surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability (∆E) were measured before and after brushing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface profile analysis. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test, and paired sample t-test α = 0.05. The findings revealed a non-significant decrease in the surface roughness of EC, EP, and LP groups (p > 0.05), and both LP and EP have the lowest surface roughness values (0.64 ± 0.13, 0.64 ± 0.08 µm) after brushing, respectively. Toothbrushing showed a decrease in the microhardness of the three groups: EC and LP, p < 0.001; EP, p = 0.012). EP showed the lowest hardness value after brushing (862.45 ± 273.83). No significant changes (∆E) were observed in all groups (p > 0.05); however, the EC group was found to be considerably affected by color changes, in comparison to the EC and LP groups. Toothbrushing had no effect on surface roughness and color stability of all tested materials, but it decreased the microhardness. Material type, surface treatments, and glazing of ceramic materials contributed to the surface changes in the ceramic materials, necessitating further investigations in terms of the toothbrushing effect with different glazing as variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A. Mahrous
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alhammad
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Faisal Alqahtani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yousif Aljar
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alkadi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (F.A.); (Y.A.)
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulkareem Alotaibi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.M.); (N.T.); (A.A.)
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Mugri MH, Jain S, Sayed ME, Halawi AHA, Hamzi SAI, Aljohani RAS, Madkhali ZMA, Khalid A, Jokhadar HF, Almarzouki M, Alhumaidan GA, Alshahrani AA, Alqahtani SM, Alqahtani NM, Lunkad H. Effects of Smokeless Tobacco on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM-Milled, and Conventional Denture Base Materials: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020491. [PMID: 36831026 PMCID: PMC9953001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco consumption in its different forms can affect the optical and surface properties of dental materials that are used in the oral cavity. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two commercially available smokeless tobacco products on the color stability and surface roughness of denture base resins that were fabricated using three different techniques (CAD/CAM milling, 3D printing, and conventional heat polymerization). A total of 126 denture base resin specimens were fabricated using the three different manufacturing techniques (n = 42 each). Specimens from each group were further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 14 each) and immersed in three different immersion media (a khaini suspension, a tabbaq suspension, and artificial saliva). The differences in color and surface roughness were assessed according to data that were collected and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. The tabbaq smokeless tobacco was found to cause greatest changes in color and surface roughness; the effect was observed to be highest in the 3D-printed specimens followed by the conventional heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM milled specimens. The mean changes in color and surface roughness were the highest for the tabbaq smokeless tobacco followed by the khaini smokeless tobacco and the artificial saliva. Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05) differences were observed among all techniques and suspensions. We concluded that the mean changes in color and surface roughness were significantly higher for the 3D-printed dentures compared to the conventional heat-polymerized and CAD/CAM-milled dentures. Thus, the results of the present study strengthened the concept that tobacco in any form can lead to changes in the color and surface roughness of denture base materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam H. Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Jain
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Mohammed E. Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Correspondence: (S.J.); (M.E.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Hossam F. Jokhadar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Almarzouki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahid Amer Alshahrani
- Department of Dental Technology, Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M. Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Alqahtani
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Honey Lunkad
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Szerszeń M, Cierech M, Wojnarowicz J, Górski B, Mierzwińska-Nastalska E. Color Stability of Zinc Oxide Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposite-A New Biomaterial for Denture Bases. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224982. [PMID: 36433109 PMCID: PMC9692561 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color change and stability of a zinc oxide nanoparticle-poly(methyl methacrylate) (ZnO NP-PMMA) nanocomposite for denture base material after immersion in different dietary and cleaning agent solutions. (2) Methods: One hundred samples were prepared and divided into four equinumerous groups depending on the weight content of ZnO NPs. The color coordinates (CIE L*a*b*) were measured using a digital colorimeter, ColorReader (Datacolor AG Europe, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), before and after immersion of the specimens in five different solutions (distilled water, coffee, red wine, black tea, denture cleaning tablet solution) for 6 months. The color changes (ΔE) were calculated using Euclidean distance and analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test and the ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis multiple comparison and adequate post hoc tests. (3) Results: All tested materials showed significant color changes after their exposure to all solutions. Color changes were greatest in the case of red wine and progressed with the duration of the study. (4) Conclusions: The modification of PMMA with ZnO nanoparticles is acceptable in aesthetic terms in 2.5% and 5% weight content; however, color changes are more noticeable with higher nanoparticle content and must be discussed with the patient prior to possible use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szerszeń
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariusz Cierech
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Wojnarowicz
- Laboratory of Nanostructures, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Górski
- Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Dimitrova M, Chuchulska B, Zlatev S, Kazakova R. Colour Stability of 3D-Printed and Prefabricated Denture Teeth after Immersion in Different Colouring Agents—An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153125. [PMID: 35956640 PMCID: PMC9371044 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the colour stability of three dimensional (3D)-printed and conventional denture teeth after immersion in different colourants. A total of 60 artificial maxillary central incisors were selected from three types of materials: 3D-printed dental resin (NextDent, 3D Systems, Soesterberg, The Netherlands), prefabricated acrylic teeth in Ivostar Shade (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), and SpofaDent Plus in shade A2 (SpofaDental, Jičín, Czechia). These were immersed in four types of colourants at room temperature (23 °C ± 1 °C), including artificial saliva (pH = 6.8) as a control group, coffee, red wine, and Coca-Cola (n = 5). The temperature and the pH of the colouring agents were maintained throughout all immersion periods. After 7 days (T1), 14 days (T2), and 21 days (T3), the ∆E values were measured with a SpectroShade Micro (SpectroShade, Oxnard, CA, USA) spectrophotometer. Their means were then calculated and compared by two-way ANOVA. The independent factors, immersion time and different staining solutions, as well as the interaction between these factors, significantly influenced ΔE. The highest and the lowest mean ∆Es were recorded for prefabricated teeth in red wine, and 3D-printed teeth in artificial saliva, respectively. All the specimens demonstrated an increased colour change at T1 compared to T3, and the difference in mean ∆E was statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Dimitrova
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.C.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bozhana Chuchulska
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.C.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Stefan Zlatev
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.C.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rada Kazakova
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (B.C.); (S.Z.); (R.K.)
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine, Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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