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León‐Madero LF, Fregoso‐Ron CH, De León‐Carbajal JC, Valdés‐Miranda JM. Mexican patient with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and cleft palate: Importance of functional hemizygosity and phenotype expansion. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2451. [PMID: 38760995 PMCID: PMC11101913 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvCS) is a chondroectodermal dysplasia caused by germline pathogenic variants in ciliary complex subunit 1 and 2 genes (EVC, EVC2) on chromosome 4p16.2. This disease has a broad phenotype, and there are few described phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS Ethical Compliance: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents. Here, we report a genetically confirmed Mexican patient with EvCS having two inherited pathogenic variants in trans in EVC2: c.[1195C>T];[2161delC]. RESULTS This patient allowed a genotypic-phenotypic comparison with another Mexican subject who presented a more attenuated phenotype; furthermore, our patient also presented cleft palate, a rarely reported feature. CONCLUSION Our case shows the importance of comparing functional hemizygosity between patient's phenotypes when they share a variant, and our case also supports the association of alterations in the palate as part of the EvCS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe León‐Madero
- Medical Genetics DepartmentHospital General de México Dr. Eduardo LiceagaMexico CityMexico
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Cesar Humberto Fregoso‐Ron
- Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
- Maternal Fetal Medicine DepartmentHospital General de México Dr. Eduardo LiceagaMexico CityMexico
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Lai B, Jiang H, Gao Y, Zhou X. Skeletal ciliopathy: pathogenesis and related signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:811-823. [PMID: 37188988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are tiny organelles with conserved structures and components in eukaryotic cells. Ciliopathy is a set of diseases resulting from cilium dysfunction classified into first-order and second-order ciliopathy. With the advancement of clinical diagnosis and radiography, numerous skeletal phenotypes, including polydactyly, short limbs, short ribs, scoliosis, a narrow thorax, and numerous anomalies in bone and cartilage, have been discovered in ciliopathies. Mutation in genes encoding cilia core components or other cilia-related molecules have been found in skeletal ciliopathies. Meanwhile, various signaling pathways associated with cilia and skeleton development have been deemed to be significant for the occurrence and progression of diseases. Herein, we review the structure and key components of the cilium and summarize several skeletal ciliopathies with their presumable pathology. We also emphasize the signaling pathways involved in skeletal ciliopathies, which may assist in developing potential therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Sithambaram S, Jacob P, Neethukrishna K, Bhavani GS, Dalal A, Shah H, Girisha KM. PRKACA-related, atrial defects-polydactyly-multiple congenital malformation syndrome in an Indian patient. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63566. [PMID: 38357848 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PRKACA-related, atrial defects-polydactyly-multiple congenital malformation syndrome is a recently described skeletal ciliopathy, which is caused by disease-causing variants in PRKACA. The primary phenotypic description includes atrial septal defects, and limb anomalies including polydactyly and short limbs. To date, only four molecularly proven patients have been reported in the literature with a recurrent variant, c.409G>A p.Gly137Arg in PRKACA. In this study, we report the fifth affected individual with the same variant and review the clinical features and radiographic findings of this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prince Jacob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kausthubham Neethukrishna
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gandham SriLakshmi Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting & Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Lan R, Wu Y, Dai Q, Wang F. Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in syndromes with tooth agenesis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2401-2408. [PMID: 36219525 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to review the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations in syndromes with tooth agenesis (TA). Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed databases were searched for a comprehensive review. Previous publications reported complicated aetiologies of syndromic TA. Gene mutations in conserved signalling pathways (WNT, EDA, SHH, FGF, and TGF-β/BMP) and crucial molecules (PAX9, PIXT2, IRF6, the p53 family, and subunits of RNA polymerase III) are the main causes of syndromic TA. In the process of odontogenesis, antagonistic or synergistic interactions are demonstrated in patients and murine models. Mutations in some genes (WNT10A, WNT10B, AXIN2, ANTXR1, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) can result in both syndromic and isolated TA. In addition, chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for syndromic TA (Down syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Pierre Robin sequence). The causes and manifestations of syndromic TA are highly complex, and this constitutes a clinical challenge. Mutations in signalling pathways and crucial molecules as well as chromosomal anomalies are responsible for syndromic TA. And there are overlaps between the causative genes of syndromic and isolated TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Negrete-Torres N, Chima-Galán MDC, Sierra-López EA, Sánchez-Ramos J, Álvarez-González I, Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Garrido-Guerrero E, Amato D, Méndez-Catalá CF, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Cruz AR. Identification of Compound Heterozygous EVC2 Gene Variants in Two Mexican Families with Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040887. [PMID: 37107645 PMCID: PMC10137610 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvCS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy with a disproportionate short stature, polydactyly, dystrophic nails, oral defects, and cardiac anomalies. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the EVC or EVC2 genes. To obtain further insight into the genetics of EvCS, we identified the genetic defect for the EVC2 gene in two Mexican patients. METHODS Two Mexican families were enrolled in this study. Exome sequencing was applied in the probands to screen potential genetic variant(s), and then Sanger sequencing was used to identify the variant in the parents. Finally, a prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the mutant proteins was made. RESULTS One patient has a compound heterozygous EVC2 mutation: a novel heterozygous variant c.519_519 + 1delinsT inherited from her mother, and a heterozygous variant c.2161delC (p.L721fs) inherited from her father. The second patient has a previously reported compound heterozygous EVC2 mutation: nonsense mutation c.645G > A (p.W215*) in exon 5 inherited from her mother, and c.273dup (p.K92fs) in exon 2 inherited from her father. In both cases, the diagnostic was Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Three-dimensional modeling of the EVC2 protein showed that truncated proteins are produced in both patients due to the generation of premature stop codons. CONCLUSION The identified novel heterozygous EVC2 variants, c.2161delC and c.519_519 + 1delinsT, were responsible for the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome in one of the Mexican patients. In the second Mexican patient, we identified a compound heterozygous variant, c.645G > A and c.273dup, responsible for EvCS. The findings in this study extend the EVC2 mutation spectrum and may provide new insights into the EVC2 causation and diagnosis with implications for genetic counseling and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Negrete-Torres
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | | | | | - Janet Sánchez-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Julia Reyes-Reali
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Mendoza-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Efraín Garrido-Guerrero
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Dante Amato
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Claudia Fabiola Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
- División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Adolfo René Méndez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
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Novel Candidate Genes for Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis Identified Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206089. [PMID: 36294409 PMCID: PMC9605476 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic tooth agenesis (ns-TA) is one of the most common dental anomalies characterized by the congenital absence of at least one permanent tooth (excluding third molars). Regarding the essential role of genetic factors in ns-TA aetiology, the present study aimed to identify novel pathogenic variants underlying hypodontia and oligodontia. In a group of 65 ns-TA patients and 127 healthy individuals from the genetically homogenous Polish population, the coding sequences of 423 candidate genes were screened using targeted next-generation sequencing. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 37 (56.92%) patients, including eight nucleotide alternations of genes not previously implicated in ns-TA (CHD7, CREBBP, EVC, LEF1, ROR2, TBX22 and TP63). However, since only single variants were detected, future research is required to confirm and fully understand their role in the aetiology of ns-TA. Additionally, our results support the importance of already known ns-TA candidate genes (AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, IRF6, LAMA3, LRP6, MSX1, PAX9 and WNT10A) and provide additional evidence that ns-TA might be an oligogenic condition involving the cumulative effect of rare variants in two or more distinct genes.
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Zhang H, Chinoy A, Mousavi P, Beeler A, Louie K, Collier C, Mishina Y. Elevated WNT signaling and compromised Hedgehog signaling due to Evc2 loss of function contribute to the abnormal molar patterning. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022; 3:876015. [PMID: 38606060 PMCID: PMC11007741 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.876015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive chondrodysplasia. The affected individuals bear a series of skeleton defects, congenital heart septum anomalies, midfacial defects, and dental defects. Previous studies using Evc or Evc2 mutant mice have characterized the pathological mechanism leading to various types of congenital defects. Some patients with EVC have supernumerary tooth; however, it is not known yet if there are supernumerary tooth formed in Evc or Evc2 mutant mice, and if yes, what is the pathological mechanism associated. In the present study, we used Evc2 mutant mice and analyze the pattern of molars in Evc2 mutant mice at various stages. Our studies demonstrate that Evc2 loss of function within the dental mesenchymal cells leads to abnormal molar patterning, and that the most anterior molar in the Evc2 mutant mandible represents a supernumerary tooth. Finally, we provide evidence supporting the idea that both compromised Hedgehog signaling and elevated WNT signaling due to Evc2 loss of function contributes to the supernumerary tooth formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Afriti Chinoy
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Paymon Mousavi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Aubrey Beeler
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ke’ale Louie
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Crystal Collier
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Nayak S, Shrivastava AK. Exotropia in a case of Ellis Van Creveld syndrome: A rare case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2748-2750. [PMID: 35791234 PMCID: PMC9426087 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2551_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swatishree Nayak
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Ankur K Shrivastava
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India
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9
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Ibrahim R, Daood H, Srour S. Late diagnosis of Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome case report. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Thomas DC, Moorthy JD, Prabhakar V, Ajayakumar A, Pitchumani PK. Role of primary cilia and Hedgehog signaling in craniofacial features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:36-46. [PMID: 35393766 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (EvC) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder involving pathogenic variants of EVC and EVC2 genes and classified as a ciliopathy. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the EVC gene on chromosome 4p16, and EVC2 gene, located close to the EVC gene, in a head-to-head configuration. Regardless of the affliction of EVC or EVC2, the clinical features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome are similar. Both these genes are expressed in tissues such as, but not limited to, the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and placenta, while the predominant expression in the craniofacial tissues is that of EVC2. Biallelic mutations of EVC and EVC2 affect Hedgehog signaling and thereby ciliary function, crucial factors in vertebrate development, culminating in the phenotypical features characteristic of EvC. The clinical features of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome are consistent with significant abnormalities in morphogenesis and differentiation of the affected tissues. The robust role of primary cilia in histodifferentiation and morphodifferentiation of oral, perioral, and craniofacial tissues is becoming more evident in the most recent literature. In this review, we give a summary of the mechanistic role of primary cilia in craniofacial development, taking Ellis-van Creveld syndrome as a representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis C Thomas
- Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Zhang H, Louie KW, Kulkarni AK, Zapien‐Guerra K, Yang J, Mishina Y. The Posterior Part Influences the Anterior Part of the Mouse Cranial Base Development. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10589. [PMID: 35229066 PMCID: PMC8861986 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cranial base is a critical structure in the head, which is composed of endoskeletal and dermal skeletal. The braincase floor, part of the cranial base, is a midline structure of the head. Because it is a midline structure connecting the posterior skull with the facial region, braincase floor is critical for the orientation of the facial structure. Shortened braincase floor leads to mid‐facial hypoplasia and malocclusions. During embryonic development, elongation of the braincase floor occurs through endochondral ossification in the parachordal cartilage, hypophyseal cartilage, and trabecular cartilage, which leads to formation of basioccipital (BO), basisphenoid (BS), and presphenoid (PS) bones, respectively. Currently, little is known about whether maturation of parachordal cartilage, hypophyseal cartilage, and trabecular cartilage occurs in a simultaneous or sequential manner and if the formation of one impacts the others. Our previous studies demonstrated that loss of function of ciliary protein Evc2 leads to premature fusion in the intersphenoid synchondrosis (ISS). In this study, we take advantage of Evc2 mutant mice to delineate the mechanism governing synchondrosis formation. Our analysis supports a cascade mechanism on the spatiotemporal regulation of the braincase floor development that the hypertrophy of parachordal cartilage (posterior side) impacts the hypertrophy of hypophyseal cartilage (middle) and trabecular cartilage (anterior side) in a sequential manner. The cascade mechanism well explains the premature fusion of the ISS in Evc2 mutant mice and is instructive to understand the specifically shortened anterior end of the braincase floor in various types of genetic syndromes. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Ke'ale W Louie
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Anshul K Kulkarni
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Karen Zapien‐Guerra
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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Di Bartolomeo L, Di Benedetto A, Giunta L, Guarneri F, Vaccaro M. Hypoplastic nails and brachydactyly in a girl with moderate acne and hirsutism. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:1322-1323. [PMID: 34750885 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Di Bartolomeo
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Benedetto
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Loretta Giunta
- Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Zaka A, Shahzad S, Rao HZ, Kanwal S, Gul A, Basit S. An intrafamilial phenotypic variability in Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome due to a novel 27 bps deletion mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2888-2894. [PMID: 34037314 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ellis-van Creveld (EvC) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease, characterized by ectodermal, skeletal, and cardiac anomalies. We report intrafamilial phenotypic variability in three new EvC syndrome cases. Affected males in this study showed only ectodermal abnormalities, whereas an affected female showed the classical presentation of EvC Syndrome, including bilateral postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, and congenital heart defects. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify the causative variant, followed by validation and segregation analysis using Sanger sequencing. A homozygous deletion variant (c.731_757del) was identified in exon 6 of the EVC gene (NM_153717.2). The identified variant is considered to be the most likely candidate variant for the EvC syndrome in the family based on previous reports validating the role of EVC variants in the EvC syndrome. The disease correctly segregated in the family members, as all affected members were homozygous, and obligate carriers were heterozygous. Our family is remarkable in highlighting the variable expressivity of the EvC phenotype within the same family, due to a homozygous deletion mutation in the EVC gene. The variable expressivity might be due to the hypomorphic nature of mutation, or the presence of additional variants in modifier genes or in the regulatory regions of the EVC/EVC2 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zaka
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Shahzad
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hadi Zahid Rao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Kanwal
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Gul
- Genomics Research Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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