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Long M, Kar P, Forkert ND, Landman BA, Gibbard WB, Tortorelli C, McMorris CA, Huo Y, Lebel CA. Sex and age effects on gray matter volume trajectories in young children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1379959. [PMID: 38660010 PMCID: PMC11039858 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1379959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) occurs in ~11% of North American pregnancies and is the most common known cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD; ~2-5% prevalence). PAE has been consistently associated with smaller gray matter volumes in children, adolescents, and adults. A small number of longitudinal studies show altered gray matter development trajectories in late childhood/early adolescence, but patterns in early childhood and potential sex differences have not been characterized in young children. Using longitudinal T1-weighted MRI, the present study characterized gray matter volume development in young children with PAE (N = 42, 84 scans, ages 3-8 years) compared to unexposed children (N = 127, 450 scans, ages 2-8.5 years). Overall, we observed altered global and regional gray matter development trajectories in the PAE group, wherein they had attenuated age-related increases and more volume decreases relative to unexposed children. Moreover, we found more pronounced sex differences in children with PAE; females with PAE having the smallest gray matter volumes and the least age-related changes of all groups. This pattern of altered development may indicate reduced brain plasticity and/or accelerated maturation and may underlie the cognitive/behavioral difficulties often experienced by children with PAE. In conjunction with previous research on older children, adolescents, and adults with PAE, our results suggest that gray matter volume differences associated with PAE vary by age and may become more apparent in older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Long
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Preeti Kar
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nils D. Forkert
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bennett A. Landman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - W. Ben Gibbard
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christina Tortorelli
- Department of Child Studies and Social Work, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carly A. McMorris
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Catherine A. Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Yao X, Li Q, Chen Y, Du Z, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Zhang L, Xie J, Xu C, Ge Y, Zhou Y. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection in women from Xiamen, China, 2013 to 2023. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1332696. [PMID: 38590815 PMCID: PMC11000419 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1332696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is primarily caused by HPV infection. The epidemiology of HPV infection in specific areas is of great meaning of guide cervical cancer screening and formulating HPV vaccination strategies. Here, we evaluated the epidemiological characteristics of HPV infection in Xiamen population. Methods In total, 159,049 cervical exfoliated cell samples collected from female outpatients in Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen between January 2013 and July 2023 were analyzed. HPV DNA detection was performed using HPV genotyping kits (Hybribio Limited Corp, China). An analysis was conducted on the prevalence of HPV infection, taking into account factors such as age, year, and multiple patterns of HPV infection. The differences in prevalence among age groups and years were compared using χ2 test. Results The overall prevalence of any 21 HPV genotypes was 18.4%, of which the high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) positive rate was 14.6%. The age-specific prevalence of HPV infection showed a bimodal distribution, with two distinct peaks, one at <25 years (31.2%) and the other at 60-64 years (32.9%). There was a downward trend in the prevalence of HPV infection over time, decreasing from 26.2% in 2013 to 14.5% in 2021, and then increasing to 19.0% in 2023. The five most prevent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV52 (4.0%), 58 (2.6%), 16 (2.5%), 51 (1.8%), and 39 (1.7%). Among the positive cases, 76.7% were detected with only one genotype and 23.3% with multiple genotypes. The most common co-infection was HPV52 + HPV58 (0.24%), followed by HPV16 + HPV52 (0.24%), HPV52 + HPV53 (0.21%), HPV52 + HPV81 (0.21%), HPV51 + HPV52 (0.19%), HPV16 + HPV58 (0.18%), and HPV39 + HPV52 (0.17%). Conclusion The study provided the largest scale information on the recent epidemiological characteristics of HPV infection in Xiamen, and even in Fujian Province, China, which would support making the prevention and control strategies for cervical cancer in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Women Health Care, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhuowen Du
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanru Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yixi Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lutan Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Xie
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Information Center, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yunsheng Ge
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yulin Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Vyas J, Johns JR, Ali FM, Singh RK, Ingram JR, Salek S, Finlay AY. A systematic review of 454 randomized controlled trials using the Dermatology Life Quality Index: experience in 69 diseases and 43 countries. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:315-339. [PMID: 36971254 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 29 years of clinical application, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) has remained the most used patient-reported outcome (PRO) in dermatology due to its robustness, simplicity and ease of use. OBJECTIVES To generate further evidence of the DLQI's utility in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to cover all diseases and interventions. METHODS The methodology followed PRISMA guidelines and included seven bibliographical databases, searching articles published from 1 January 1994 until 16 November 2021. Articles were reviewed independently by two assessors, and an adjudicator resolved any opinion differences. RESULTS Of 3220 screened publications, 454 articles meeting the eligibility criteria for inclusion, describing research on 198 190 patients, were analysed. DLQI scores were primary endpoints in 24 (5.3%) of studies. Most studies were of psoriasis (54.1%), although 69 different diseases were studied. Most study drugs were systemic (85.1%), with biologics comprising 55.9% of all pharmacological interventions. Topical treatments comprised 17.0% of total pharmacological interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions, mainly laser therapy and ultraviolet radiation treatment, comprised 12.2% of the total number of interventions. The majority of studies (63.7%) were multicentric, with trials conducted in at least 42 different countries; 40.2% were conducted in multiple countries. The minimal clinically importance difference (MCID) was reported in the analysis of 15.0% of studies, but only 1.3% considered full score meaning banding of the DLQI. Forty-seven (10.4%) of the studies investigated statistical correlation of the DLQI with clinical severity assessment or other PRO/quality of life tools; and 61-86% of studies had within-group scores differences greater than the MCID in 'active treatment arms'. The Jadad risk-of-bias scale showed that bias was generally low, as 91.8% of the studies had Jadad scores of ≥ 3; only 0.4% of studies showed a high risk of bias from randomization. Thirteen per cent had a high risk of bias from blinding and 10.1% had a high risk of bias from unknown outcomes of all participants in the studies. In 18.5% of the studies the authors declared that they followed an intention-to-treat protocol; imputation for missing DLQI data was used in 34.4% of studies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides a wealth of evidence of the use of the DLQI in clinical trials to inform researchers' and -clinicians' decisions for its further use. Recommendations are also made for improving the reporting of data from future RCTs using the DLQI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey R Johns
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Faraz M Ali
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ravinder K Singh
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John R Ingram
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sam Salek
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Andrew Y Finlay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Wood MB, Nowak N, Fuchs PA. Damage-evoked signals in cochlear neurons and supporting cells. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1361747. [PMID: 38419694 PMCID: PMC10899329 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1361747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In addition to hearing loss, damage to the cochlea can lead to gain of function pathologies such as hyperacusis. It has been proposed that painful hyperacusis, noxacusis, may be carried to the central nervous system by type II cochlear afferents, sparse, unmyelinated neurons that share morphological and neurochemical traits with nociceptive C-fibers of the somatic nervous system. Also like in skin, damage elicits spreading calcium waves within cochlear epithelia. These are mediated by extracellular ATP combined with IP3-driven release from intracellular calcium stores. Type II afferents are excited by ATP released from damaged epithelia. Thus, the genesis and propagation of epithelial calcium waves is central to cochlear pathology, and presumably hyperacusis. Damage-evoked signals in type II afferents and epithelial cells have been recorded in cochlear explants or semi-intact otic capsules. These efforts have included intracellular electrical recording, use of fluorescent calcium indicators, and visualization of an activity-dependent, intrinsic fluorescent signal. Of relevance to hyperacusis, prior noise-induced hearing loss leads to the generation of prolonged and repetitive activity in type II neurons and surrounding epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Beers Wood
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nate Nowak
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD, United States
- The Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul Albert Fuchs
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Ezquer-Garin C, Aguilar G, Ferriols-Lisart R, Alos-Almiñana M. Validated HPLC-UV method for amphotericin B quantification in a critical patient receiving AmBisome and treated with extracorporeal replacement therapies. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5749. [PMID: 37727118 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB) is a polyene macrolide antifungal agent used for treating invasive fungal infections. Liposomal AMB is a lipid dosage form, available as AmBisome, which reduces the toxicity of the drug. A simple HPLC-UV method was developed for the determination of AMB in plasma to study its pharmacokinetic profile in a critical patient receiving AmBisome and treated with extracorporeal replacement therapies. Sample preparation was performed using plasma deproteinization and drug release from liposome by the addition of acetonitrile (ACN)/zinc sulfate and ultrasonication. Chromatographic separation was performed using a C18 column and a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0)/ACN (65/35, v/v). The UV detector was set at 407 nm. The total run time analysis was 23 min. The method was validated according to the standard guidelines and applied to study the pharmacokinetics of AMB in a critical patient. The total run time analysis obtained was shorter than that of the previously reported methods, being useful for therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetic profile research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ezquer-Garin
- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerardo Aguilar
- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Ferriols-Lisart
- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Alos-Almiñana
- INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, University Clinical Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Finley AK, Andoni L, May CA, Stark LA, Dent KM. Exploring the impact of virtual SPIKES training on genetic counselors' confidence to deliver difficult news. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:1266-1275. [PMID: 37787411 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Delivering difficult news is a common occurrence in genetic counseling. This is evidenced by widespread instruction among genetic counseling programs. There is a disconnect in the confidence level of being able to deliver difficult news (DDN) following educational training across healthcare disciplines. Other healthcare professions have addressed this issue with simulation-based training based on the SPIKES protocol, a stepwise process for delivering difficult news. To our knowledge, there is limited research that investigates the impact of simulation-based training in delivering difficult news for genetic counselors. Our aim was to develop simulation-based training in how to deliver difficult news for genetic counselors and analyze the extent to which it increased their confidence to deliver difficult news. Board-certified genetic counselors from all specialties were recruited to participate in a 2-h training session which included the opportunity to practice delivering difficult news. We collected self-reported confidence scores in each of the SPIKES steps from 16 genetic counselors pre- and post-intervention. Participants answered open-ended evaluations about the program's strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in delivering difficult news content. Almost all participants (N = 15) stated that they had gained confidence in delivering difficult news following training completion. Confidence significantly improved in four of seven SPIKES steps. Participants found strengths of the training program to be in their ability to practice with a simulated patient, to reference concrete examples, and to follow the program easily. The results of this study suggest that post-graduate training in how to deliver difficult news using the SPIKES protocol may strengthen genetic counselors' confidence in performing this important skill.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laila Andoni
- Intermountain Healthcare Precision Genomics, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Caitlyn A May
- GeneScreen Counseling, Bernardsville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Louisa A Stark
- Department of Human Genetics, Genetic Science Learning Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karin M Dent
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Chen FZ, Tan PC, Yang Z, Li Q, Zhou SB. Identifying characteristics of dermal fibroblasts in skin homeostasis and disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:1317-1327. [PMID: 37566911 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous dermal fibroblasts are the main components that constitute the dermis. Distinct fibroblast subgroups show specific characteristics and functional plasticity that determine dermal structure during skin development and wound healing. Although researchers have described the roles of fibroblast subsets, this is not completely understood. We review recent evidence supporting understanding about the heterogeneity of fibroblasts. We summarize the origins and the identified profiles of fibroblast subpopulations. The characteristics of fibroblast subpopulations in both healthy and diseased states are highlighted, and the potential of subpopulations to be involved in wound healing in different ways was discussed. Additionally, we review the plasticity of subpopulations and the underlying signalling mechanisms. This review may provide greater insights into potential novel therapeutic targets and tissue regeneration strategies for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Chen
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Baldry E, Baty BJ, Kaphingst KA, Gammon A, Erby LH, Roter DL. Applying the practice-based competencies to evaluate and characterize the contracting process within genetic counseling sessions. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 37746670 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Contracting is a skill used by genetic counselors (GCs) to establish a shared vision for the session. Ensuring that patients and GCs are aligned on expectations for the encounter allows GCs to meet patient needs and support patient autonomy. Although contracting is described in the practice-based competencies (PBCs), the process has not been systematically observed in practice. We sought to further elucidate the skills used for contracting within genetic counseling sessions through directed content analysis of transcripts from 148 simulated prenatal and cancer genetic counseling sessions. An a priori codebook and rating scale were developed based on four contracting sample skills described in the PBCs: (a) describing the genetic counseling process, (b) eliciting client concerns, (c) applying client concerns to a session agenda, (d) modifying the agenda in response to emerging concerns. The rating scale described the quality of each skill on a 4-point scale of "absent," "minimal," "adequate," and "excellent." The codebook and rating scale were pilot tested with 40% of transcripts (n = 60). Three authors independently coded and rated the final 60% of transcripts (n = 88), resolving discrepancies via a consensus process. We found that the four PBC skills were present in most sessions (88%-98%), and on average, GCs received "adequate" scores on all four skills. We also identified three additional components of contracting not described in the PBCs: assessing whether client concerns were met, inviting to interrupt, and providing opportunity for partner concerns. This study represents the first attempt to evaluate GC performance of a PBC during a genetic counseling session. Our findings demonstrate that the PBC sample contracting skills reflect practice and suggest that they can be used in assessment of the genetic counseling contracting process. This type of analysis could be adapted in the future to provide support for other standards of practice in the genetic counseling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Baldry
- University of Utah Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bonnie J Baty
- University of Utah Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Amanda Gammon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lori H Erby
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra L Roter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lan R, Wu Y, Dai Q, Wang F. Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in syndromes with tooth agenesis. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2401-2408. [PMID: 36219525 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to review the pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations in syndromes with tooth agenesis (TA). Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and PubMed databases were searched for a comprehensive review. Previous publications reported complicated aetiologies of syndromic TA. Gene mutations in conserved signalling pathways (WNT, EDA, SHH, FGF, and TGF-β/BMP) and crucial molecules (PAX9, PIXT2, IRF6, the p53 family, and subunits of RNA polymerase III) are the main causes of syndromic TA. In the process of odontogenesis, antagonistic or synergistic interactions are demonstrated in patients and murine models. Mutations in some genes (WNT10A, WNT10B, AXIN2, ANTXR1, MSX1, EDA, EDAR, and EDARADD) can result in both syndromic and isolated TA. In addition, chromosomal anomalies are also responsible for syndromic TA (Down syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, Williams syndrome, and Pierre Robin sequence). The causes and manifestations of syndromic TA are highly complex, and this constitutes a clinical challenge. Mutations in signalling pathways and crucial molecules as well as chromosomal anomalies are responsible for syndromic TA. And there are overlaps between the causative genes of syndromic and isolated TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggang Dai
- Department of Second Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Mantovani A, Pelusi S, Margarita S, Malvestiti F, Dell'Alma M, Bianco C, Ronzoni L, Prati D, Targher G, Valenti L. Adverse effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M genetic variant on kidney function in middle-aged individuals with metabolic dysfunction. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 57:1093-1102. [PMID: 36947711 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PNPLA3 p.I148M variant is the main genetic determinant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and PNPLA3 silencing is being evaluated to treat this liver condition. Data suggest that the p.I148M variant predisposes to kidney damage, but the relative contribution to kidney function, compared to overall genetic susceptibility, is not defined. AIMS We aimed to assess the effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in individuals with metabolic dysfunction. METHODS We included 1144 middle-aged individuals from the Liver-Bible-2022 cohort. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M on eGFRCKD-EPI levels was tested under additive genetic models adjusted for clinical predictors, ethnicity and a polygenic risk score of chronic kidney disease (PRS-CKD). In a subset of 144 individuals, we examined the effect of PNPLA3 p.I148M on eGFRCKD-EPI over a median follow-up of 17 months. RESULTS The p.I148M variant was associated with lower eGFRCKD-EPI levels (-1.24 mL/min/1.73 m2 per allele, 95% CI: -2.32 to -0.17; p = 0.023), independent of age, sex, height, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, transaminases, fasting insulin, albuminuria, lipid-lowering drugs, ethnicity and PRS-CKD score. In the prospective evaluation, the p.I148M variant was independently associated with faster eGFRCKD-EPI decline (ΔeGFRCKD-EPI -3.57 mL/min/1.73 m2 per allele, 95% CI: -6.94 to -0.21; p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS We found a detrimental impact of the PNPLA3 p.I148M variant on eGFRCKD-EPI levels in middle-aged individuals with metabolic dysfunction. This association was independent of established risk factors, ethnicity and genetic predisposition to CKD. PNPLA3 p.I148M silencing may protect against kidney damage progression in carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Pelusi
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center - Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margarita
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center - Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Malvestiti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Dell'Alma
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center - Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center - Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center - Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center - Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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11
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Abu-Sultaneh S, Iyer NP, Fernández A, Gaies M, González-Dambrauskas S, Hotz JC, Kneyber MCJ, López-Fernández YM, Rotta AT, Werho DK, Baranwal AK, Blackwood B, Craven HJ, Curley MAQ, Essouri S, Fioretto JR, Hartmann SMM, Jouvet P, Korang SK, Rafferty GF, Ramnarayan P, Rose L, Tume LN, Whipple EC, Wong JJM, Emeriaud G, Mastropietro CW, Napolitano N, Newth CJL, Khemani RG. Executive Summary: International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pediatric Ventilator Liberation, A Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network Document. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:17-28. [PMID: 36583619 PMCID: PMC9952867 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202204-0795so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Pediatric-specific ventilator liberation guidelines are lacking despite the many studies exploring elements of extubation readiness testing. The lack of clinical practice guidelines has led to significant and unnecessary variation in methods used to assess pediatric patients' readiness for extubation. Methods: Twenty-six international experts comprised a multiprofessional panel to establish pediatrics-specific ventilator liberation clinical practice guidelines, focusing on acutely hospitalized children receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours. Eleven key questions were identified and first prioritized using the Modified Convergence of Opinion on Recommendations and Evidence. A systematic review was conducted for questions that did not meet an a priori threshold of ⩾80% agreement, with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodologies applied to develop the guidelines. The panel evaluated the evidence and drafted and voted on the recommendations. Measurements and Main Results: Three questions related to systematic screening using an extubation readiness testing bundle and a spontaneous breathing trial as part of the bundle met Modified Convergence of Opinion on Recommendations criteria of ⩾80% agreement. For the remaining eight questions, five systematic reviews yielded 12 recommendations related to the methods and duration of spontaneous breathing trials, measures of respiratory muscle strength, assessment of risk of postextubation upper airway obstruction and its prevention, use of postextubation noninvasive respiratory support, and sedation. Most recommendations were conditional and based on low to very low certainty of evidence. Conclusions: This clinical practice guideline provides a conceptual framework with evidence-based recommendations for best practices related to pediatric ventilator liberation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Abu-Sultaneh
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Narayan Prabhu Iyer
- Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Analía Fernández
- Pediatric Critical Care Unit, Acute Care General Hospital “Carlos G. Durand,” Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Gaies
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Heart Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sebastián González-Dambrauskas
- Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network), Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Niños del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Justin Christian Hotz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Martin C. J. Kneyber
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda M. López-Fernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alexandre T. Rotta
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David K. Werho
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiothoracic Intensive Care, Rady Children’s Hospital, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Arun Kumar Baranwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bronagh Blackwood
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah J. Craven
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martha A. Q. Curley
- Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandrine Essouri
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jose Roberto Fioretto
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, Department of Pediatrics, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia M. M. Hartmann
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philippe Jouvet
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven Kwasi Korang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrard F. Rafferty
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, and
| | - Padmanabhan Ramnarayan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Rose
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London United Kingdom
| | - Lyvonne N. Tume
- Edge Hill University Health Research Institute, Ormskirk, England
| | - Elizabeth C. Whipple
- Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Guillaume Emeriaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Mastropietro
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Christopher J. L. Newth
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robinder G. Khemani
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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12
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Balch H, Gradick C, Kukhareva PV, Wanner N. Association of Mobile Workstations and Rounding-in-Flow with Resident Efficiency: A Controlled Study at an Academic Internal Medicine Department. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:3700-3706. [PMID: 35513750 PMCID: PMC9585150 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents commonly use a batched workflow to round on hospitalized patients, creating redundancy and decreasing efficiency. OBJECTIVE To improve resident efficiency through a novel workflow using mobile laptops and modified rounding-in-flow. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS A controlled experimental study conducted at an academic medical center for 3 months. One internal medicine team served as the intervention group, and two other teams served as a control group; 34 interns and 20 senior residents participated. INTERVENTION Residents in the intervention group were provided a novel workflow and a mobile laptop to allow them to round "in-flow." Control group residents rounded as usual (batched workflow without laptops). MAIN MEASURES Fourteen interns were monitored for a time-motion study. Time-stamped electronic medical record (EMR) data were used to assess percentage of progress notes and orders placed during rounds (9 a.m.-12:30 p.m.) and percentage of discharge summaries signed within 24 h of discharge. A post-intervention survey measured perceived efficiency. RESULTS A time-motion study showed non-significant differences between time in the intervention group and that in the control group: communication time with patients (128 min vs 105 min, p = 0.37) and computer time (289 min vs 306 min, p = 0.71). EMR data for 664 visits in the control group and 374 in the intervention group showed that rounding-in-flow was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5 for placing progress notes during rounds (95% CI: 1.2-1.7, p < 0.001), an OR of 1.1 for placing non-discharge orders during rounds (95% CI: 1.0-1.2, p = 0.01), and an OR of 3.9 for signing discharge summaries within 24 h of discharge (95% CI: 2.3-7.2, p < 0.001). Post-intervention survey, completed by 23 of 34 interns, showed that interns in the intervention group perceived that orders were completed during rounds more often than the control group (OR 7.8; 95% CI: 1.3-60.1, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Using mobile laptops with modified rounding-in-flow was associated with earlier completion of residents' work, suggesting improved efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Balch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N. 1900 E., RM 5R218, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Casey Gradick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N. 1900 E., RM 5R218, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Polina V Kukhareva
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N. 1900 E., RM 5R218, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nathan Wanner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N. 1900 E., RM 5R218, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
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13
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Tomaz LB, Liu BA, Meroshini M, Ong SLM, Tan EK, Tolwinski NS, Williams CS, Gingras AC, Leushacke M, Dunn NR. MCC is a centrosomal protein that relocalizes to non-centrosomal apical sites during intestinal cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259272. [PMID: 36217793 PMCID: PMC10658790 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) encodes a coiled-coil protein implicated, as its name suggests, in the pathogenesis of hereditary human colon cancer. To date, however, the contributions of MCC to intestinal homeostasis and disease remain unclear. Here, we examine the subcellular localization of MCC, both at the mRNA and protein levels, in the adult intestinal epithelium. Our findings reveal that Mcc transcripts are restricted to proliferating crypt cells, including Lgr5+ stem cells, where the Mcc protein is distinctly associated with the centrosome. Upon intestinal cellular differentiation, Mcc is redeployed to the apical domain of polarized villus cells where non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (ncMTOCs) are positioned. Using intestinal organoids, we show that the shuttling of the Mcc protein depends on phosphorylation by casein kinases 1δ and ε, which are critical modulators of WNT signaling. Together, our findings support a role for MCC in establishing and maintaining the cellular architecture of the intestinal epithelium as a component of both the centrosome and ncMTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian B. Tomaz
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernard A. Liu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Meroshini M
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sheena L. M. Ong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Ee Kim Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | | | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marc Leushacke
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
| | - N. Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
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14
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Redecke V, Tawaratsumida K, Larragoite ET, Williams ESCP, Planelles V, Spivak AM, Hirayama L, Elgort M, Swenson S, Smith R, Worthen B, Zimmerman R, Slev P, Cahoon B, Astill M, Häcker H. A rapid and affordable point of care test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 based on hemagglutination and artificial intelligence interpretation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24507. [PMID: 34969960 PMCID: PMC8718524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic tests that detect antibodies (AB) against SARS-CoV-2 for evaluation of seroprevalence and guidance of health care measures are important tools for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Current tests have certain limitations with regard to turnaround time, costs and availability, particularly in point-of-care (POC) settings. We established a hemagglutination-based AB test that is based on bi-specific proteins which contain a dromedary-derived antibody (nanobody) binding red blood cells (RBD) and a SARS-CoV-2-derived antigen, such as the receptor-binding domain of the Spike protein (Spike-RBD). While the nanobody mediates swift binding to RBC, the antigen moiety directs instantaneous, visually apparent hemagglutination in the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific AB generated in COVID-19 patients or vaccinated individuals. Method comparison studies with assays cleared by emergency use authorization demonstrate high specificity and sensitivity. To further increase objectivity of test interpretation, we developed an image analysis tool based on digital image acquisition (via a cell phone) and a machine learning algorithm based on defined sample-training and -validation datasets. Preliminary data, including a small clinical study, provides proof of principle for test performance in a POC setting. Together, the data support the interpretation that this AB test format, which we refer to as 'NanoSpot.ai', is suitable for POC testing, can be manufactured at very low costs and, based on its generic mode of action, can likely be adapted to a variety of other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Redecke
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Signal Transduction, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kazuki Tawaratsumida
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Signal Transduction, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin T Larragoite
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth S C P Williams
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Adam M Spivak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lincoln Hirayama
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marc Elgort
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Slev
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Mark Astill
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hans Häcker
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Signal Transduction, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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15
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Rogers CR, Brooks E, Curtin K, De Vera MA, Qeadan F, Rogers TN, Petersen E, Gallagher P, Pesmen C, Johnson W, Henley C, Hickman W, Newcomb E, Korous KM, Handley MA. Protocol for #iBeatCRC: a community-based intervention to increase early-onset colorectal cancer awareness using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048959. [PMID: 34862279 PMCID: PMC8647393 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Th last two decades have seen a twofold increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence among individuals under the recommended screening age of 50 years. Although the origin of this early-onset CRC (EOCRC) spike remains unknown, prior studies have reported that EOCRC harbours a distinct molecular and clinical phenotype in younger individuals. The sharp increase in EOCRC incidence rates may be attributable to a complex interplay of factors, including race; lifestyle; and ecological, sociodemographic and geographical factors. However, more research that address psychosocial experiences and accounts for lifestyle-related behaviours before, during and after an EOCRC diagnosis are warranted. This study aims to develop and pilot test a theory-driven, community-based intervention to increase awareness of EOCRC, reduce its associated risk factors and improve early detection among adults aged 18-49 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel, we will use a multistage mixed-methods study design. We will pilot a sequential mixed-methods intervention study as follows: (1) First, we will analyse linked quantitative data from the Utah Cancer Registry and National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry, linked to state-wide demographic and vital records in the Utah Population Database to identify EOCRC hotspots in Utah by examining the EOCRC incidence and survival variance explained by personal and county-level factors. (2) Next, we will conduct one-on-one interviews with 20 EOCRC survivors residing in EOCRC hotspots to ascertain psychosocial and lifestyle challenges that accompany an EOCRC diagnosis. (3) Finally, we will consider existing evidence-based approaches, our integrated results (quantitative +qualitative) and community action board input to design a community-based intervention to increase EOCRC awareness that can feasibly be delivered by means of outdoor mass media, and via social media. We will pilot the multicomponent media campaign with a quasiexperimental design among 17 EOCRC hotspot residents and 17 EOCRC 'coldspot' residents. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Utah Institutional Review Board (IRB_00138357). Signed informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to any data collection. Study results will be disseminated through CRC community blogs, targeted infographics, conference presentations at national and international professional conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals. Final intervention-specific data will be available on reasonable request from the corresponding author. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04715074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Rogers
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ellen Brooks
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary A De Vera
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fares Qeadan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tiana N Rogers
- Sorenson Impact Center, University of Utah Eccles School of Business, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ethan Petersen
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Curt Pesmen
- BoCo Media, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Fight Colorectal Cancer, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin M Korous
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Margaret A Handley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kirubakaran Sundar
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Ashokkumar Srinivasan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
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17
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Liu H, Burns RT, Spencer BR, Page GP, Mast AE. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica in a large cohort of blood donors. Transfusion 2021; 61:2090-2098. [PMID: 33913181 PMCID: PMC8571648 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pica is characterized as repeatedly eating or chewing a non-nutritious substance including, but not limited to ice, clay and dirt, starch, raw pasta, chalk, coal, paint, or paper. Pica symptoms can be intense and addiction-like and disrupt quality of life. It is strongly linked to iron deficiency. Since substantial iron loss occurs during blood donation, blood donors may be susceptible to development of pica behaviors. METHODS We investigated demographic, clinical, hematological, and biochemical factors associated with pica using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis in a cohort of 11,418 racially diverse blood donors. Pica was defined by questionnaire responses as consuming at least 8 oz of ice daily and/or consumption of non-ice substances regardless of the amount and frequency. RESULTS Pica was present in 2.2% of the donors. The sensitivity and specificity of pica in iron-deficient donors were 36% and 82%, respectively. Lower ferritin (p = .001), non-Asian race (p < .001), higher red cell distribution width (p < .001), younger age, and restless legs syndrome (p = .008) were independently associated with pica. Female sex is associated with iron deficiency but was not an independent predictor of pica suggesting that iron deficient males and females were equally susceptible to the development of pica behaviors. Donors with normal ferritin levels also reported pica, reinforcing the role of non-iron related factors in its presentation. CONCLUSIONS We have identified demographic, clinical, and biochemical predictors of pica that help identify those most at risk for developing pica behaviors, and thereby assist in its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Liu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert T. Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bryan R. Spencer
- Department of Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Grier P. Page
- BioStatEpi, RTI International, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alan E. Mast
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Au KM, Medik Y, Ke Q, Tisch R, Wang AZ. Immune Checkpoint-Bioengineered Beta Cell Vaccine Reverses Early-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2101253. [PMID: 33963786 PMCID: PMC8222180 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from autoreactive T cells destroying insulin-producing pancreatic beta (β) cells. The development of T1DM is associated with the deficiency of co-inhibitory immune checkpoint ligands (e.g., PD-L1, CD86, and Gal-9) in β cells. Here, a new translational approach based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry, which bioengineers β cells with co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules that induce antigen-specific immunotolerance and reverse early-onset hyperglycemia is reported. To achieve this goal, a subcutaneous injectable acellular pancreatic extracellular matrix platform for localizing the bioengineered β cells while creating a pancreas-like immunogenic microenvironment, in which the autoreactive T cells can interface with the β cells, is devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Man Au
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yusra Medik
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Roland Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Laboratory of Nano- and Translational Medicine, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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McCulloch DJ, Jackson ML, Hughes JP, Lester S, Mills L, Freeman B, Rasheed MAU, Thornburg NJ, Chu HY. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Seattle, Washington: October 2019-April 2020. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252235. [PMID: 34043706 PMCID: PMC8158900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first US case of SARS-CoV-2 infection was detected on January 20, 2020. However, some serology studies suggest SARS-CoV-2 may have been present in the United States prior to that, as early as December 2019. The extent of domestic COVID-19 detection prior to 2020 has not been well-characterized. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among healthcare users in the greater Seattle, Washington area from October 2019 through early April 2020. STUDY DESIGN We tested residual samples from 766 Seattle-area adults for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies utilizing an ELISA against prefusion-stabilized Spike (S) protein. RESULTS No antibody-positive samples were found between October 2, 2019 and March 13, 2020. Prevalence rose to 1.2% in late March and early April 2020. CONCLUSIONS The absence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody-positive samples in October 2019 through mid-March, 2020, provides evidence against widespread circulation of COVID-19 among healthcare users in the Seattle area during that time. A small proportion of this metropolitan-area cohort had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by spring of 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise J. McCulloch
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James P. Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sandra Lester
- Synergy America, Inc., Duluth, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lisa Mills
- Eagle Global Scientific, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brandi Freeman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Natalie J. Thornburg
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Helen Y. Chu
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Kasuga Y, Tanaka M, Ochiai D. Preterm delivery and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy were reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single hospital-based study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2703-2704. [PMID: 33029880 PMCID: PMC7675257 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Kasuga
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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21
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Gentzsch M, Rossier BC. A Pathophysiological Model for COVID-19: Critical Importance of Transepithelial Sodium Transport upon Airway Infection. Function (Oxf) 2020; 1:zqaa024. [PMID: 33201937 PMCID: PMC7662147 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a serious public health problem and will continue to be until effective drugs and/or vaccines are available. The rational development of drugs critically depends on our understanding of disease mechanisms, that is, the physiology and pathophysiology underlying the function of the organ targeted by the virus. Since the beginning of the pandemic, tireless efforts around the globe have led to numerous publications on the virus, its receptor, its entry into the cell, its cytopathic effects, and how it triggers innate and native immunity but the role of apical sodium transport mediated by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) during the early phases of the infection in the airways has received little attention. We propose a pathophysiological model that defines the possible role of ENaC in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gentzsch
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bernard C Rossier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Love NR, Lang UE, Cheung C, Kim J. Depletion of primary cilium in acral melanoma. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:665-671. [PMID: 31020686 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A eukaryotic cell's primary cilium (PC) is critical for cell signaling, migration and homeostasis. Primary cilium dysfunction has been demonstrated in several malignancies, but whether primary cilia loss occurs in acral melanoma has remained unknown. To address this, we examined the ciliation index (% melanocytes containing a PC) of patient-derived, biopsy-proven acral melanoma and compared these to benign acral nevi. METHODS We generated a pilot initiative study that included six acral melanomas and seven acral nevi derived from the foot. Using fluorescent immunohistochemistry, we calculated ciliation indexes of Sox10+ melanocytes. RESULTS Average ciliation index for acral nevi was 74.0% (SE of the mean [SEM] 3.3%) vs 9.3% for acral melanoma (SEM 5.7%), finding a statistically significant difference between the groups (P-value <.001, two tailed t test). CONCLUSION The data show a significant loss of primary cilia in malignant acral melanoma vs benign acral nevi, suggesting that cilia may play an important role during acral melanoma formation. Our data, which should be validated by a larger study with longer follow-up period, suggest that examining ciliation index may be a useful diagnostic test when distinguishing benign acral nevi from melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R Love
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Ursula E Lang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Christine Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Jinah Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California
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23
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Ludwig KD, Fain SB, Nguyen SM, Golos TG, Reeder SB, Bird IM, Shah DM, Wieben OE, Johnson KM. Perfusion of the placenta assessed using arterial spin labeling and ferumoxytol dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the rhesus macaque. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:1964-1978. [PMID: 30357902 PMCID: PMC6715150 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correspondence between arterial spin labeling (ASL) flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) and ferumoxytol DCE MRI for the assessment of placental intervillous perfusion. METHODS Ten pregnant macaques in late second trimester were imaged at 3 T using a 2D ASL FAIR, with and without outer-volume saturation pulses used to control the bolus width, and a 3D ferumoxytol DCE-MRI acquisition. The ASL tagged/control pairs were averaged, subtracted, and normalized to create perfusion ratio maps. Contrast arrival time and uptake slope were estimated by fitting the DCE data to a sigmoid function. Macaques (N = 4) received interleukin-1β to induce inflammation and disrupt perfusion. RESULTS The FAIR tag modification with outer-volume saturation reduced the median ASL ratio percentage compared with conventional FAIR (0.64% ± 1.42% versus 0.71% ± 2.00%; P < .05). Extended ferumoxytol arrival times (34 ± 25 seconds) were observed across the placenta. No significant DCE signal change was measured in fetal tissue ( - 0.6% ± 3.0%; P = .52) or amniotic fluid (1.9% ± 8.8%; P = .59). High ASL ratio was significantly correlated with early arrival time and high uptake slope (P < .05), but ASL signal was not above noise in late-DCE-enhancing regions. No significant differences were observed in perfusion measurements between the interleukin-1β and controls (P > .05). CONCLUSION The ASL-FAIR and ferumoxytol DCE-MRI methods are feasible to detect early blood delivery to the macaque placenta. Outer volume saturation reduced the high macrovascular ASL signal. Interleukin-1β exposure did not alter placental intervillous perfusion. An endogenous-labeling perfusion technique is limited due to extended transit times for flow within the placenta beyond the immediate vicinity of the maternal spiral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai D. Ludwig
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53705
| | - Sean B. Fain
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53705
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
| | - Sydney M. Nguyen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, USA 53715
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA 53792
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI, USA 53715
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA 53792
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
| | - Scott B. Reeder
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53705
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
- Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
| | - Ian M. Bird
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA 53792
| | - Dinesh M. Shah
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, USA 53792
| | - Oliver E. Wieben
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53705
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
| | - Kevin M. Johnson
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53705
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53792
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24
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Erickson ML, Karanth S, Ravussin E, Schlegel A. FOXN3 hyperglycemic risk allele and insulin sensitivity in humans. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000688. [PMID: 31543974 PMCID: PMC6731827 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene is significantly and independently associated with fasting blood glucose in humans. We have previously shown that the hyperglycemia risk allele (A) increases FOXN3 expression in primary human hepatocytes; over-expression of human FOXN3 in zebrafish liver increases fasting blood glucose; and heterozygous deletion of the zebrafish ortholog foxn3 decreases fasting blood glucose. Paralleling these model organism findings, we found that rs8004664 A|A homozygotes had blunted glucagon suppression during an oral glucose tolerance test. Here, we test associations between insulin sensitivity and the rs8004664 variation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 92 participants (49±13 years, body mass index: 32±6 kg/m2, 28 with and 64 without type 2 diabetes mellitus) were genotyped at rs8004664. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. RESULTS The "A" allele frequency was 59%; the protective (G) allele frequency was 41% (A|A: n=29; G|G: n=12; A|G: n=50). Clamp-measured glucose disposal rate (GDR) was not different by genotype (F=0.046, p=0.96) or by "A" allele carrier (p=0.36). Female G|G homozygotes had better insulin sensitivity compared to female "A" allele carriers (GDR; G|G: 9.9±3.0 vs A|A+A|G: 7.1±3.0 mg/kg fat-free mass+17.7/min; p=0.04). Insulin sensitivity was not different by genotype or by "A" allele carriers. CONCLUSION The rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene may modulate insulin sensitivity in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Erickson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Santhosh Karanth
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry, and Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amnon Schlegel
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Biochemistry, and Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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25
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Wagoner AL, Tarbell SE, Shaltout HA, Diz DI, Weese-Mayer DE, Fortunato JE. Chronic nausea and orthostatic intolerance: Diagnostic utility of orthostatic challenge duration, Nausea Profile Questionnaire, and neurohumoral measures. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13433. [PMID: 30101470 PMCID: PMC8045406 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic nausea in pediatrics is a debilitating condition with unclear etiology. We aimed to define hemodynamic and neurohumoral characteristics of chronic nausea associated with orthostatic intolerance in order to improve identification and elucidate mechanism. METHODS Children (10-18 years) meeting Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia with nausea and symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (OI) completed a Nausea Profile Questionnaire followed by prolonged (45 minutes rather than the traditional 10 minutes) head-upright tilt (HUT) (70° tilt up) test. Circulating catecholamines, vasopressin, aldosterone, renin, and angiotensins were measured supine and after 15 minutes into HUT. Beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure were continuously recorded to calculate their variability and baroreflex sensitivity. KEY RESULTS Within 10 and 45 minutes of HUT, 46% and 85% of subjects, respectively, had an abnormal tilt test (orthostatic hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia, or syncope). At 15 and 45 minutes of HUT, nausea was elicited in 42% and 65% of subjects respectively. Higher Nausea Profile Questionnaire scores correlated with positive HUT testing at 10 minutes (P = 0.004) and baroreflex sensitivity at 15 minutes (P ≤ 0.01). Plasma vasopressin rose 33-fold in subjects with HUT-induced nausea compared to twofold in those who did not experience HUT-induced nausea (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In children with chronic nausea and OI, longer duration HUT elicited higher frequency of abnormal tilt testing and orthostatic-induced nausea. The Nausea Profile Questionnaire predicted the orthostatic response to tilt testing. Exaggerated vasopressin release differentiated patients with HUT-induced nausea (vs those without nausea), suggesting a possible mechanism for chronic nausea in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Wagoner
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sally E. Tarbell
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Hossam A. Shaltout
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- SurgeryWake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Debra I. Diz
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- SurgeryWake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Debra E. Weese-Mayer
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Chicago, IL
| | - John E. Fortunato
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Center for Autonomic Medicine in Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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26
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Rauen KA, Schoyer L, Schill L, Stronach B, Albeck J, Andresen BS, Cavé H, Ellis M, Fruchtman SM, Gelb BD, Gibson CC, Gripp K, Hefner E, Huang WYC, Itkin M, Kerr B, Linardic CM, McMahon M, Oberlander B, Perlstein E, Ratner N, Rogers L, Schenck A, Shankar S, Shvartsman S, Stevenson DA, Stites EC, Stork PJS, Sun C, Therrien M, Ullian EM, Widemann BC, Yeh E, Zampino G, Zenker M, Timmer W, McCormick F. Proceedings of the fifth international RASopathies symposium: When development and cancer intersect. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2924-2929. [PMID: 30302932 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes and highlights the fifth International RASopathies Symposium: When Development and Cancer Intersect, held in Orlando, Florida in July 2017. The RASopathies comprise a recognizable pattern of malformation syndromes that are caused by germ line mutations in genes that encode components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Because of their common underlying pathogenetic etiology, there is significant overlap in their phenotypic features, which includes craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and ocular abnormalities, neurological and neurocognitive issues, and a predisposition to cancer. The RAS pathway is a well-known oncogenic pathway that is commonly found to be activated in somatic malignancies. As in somatic cancers, the RASopathies can be caused by various pathogenetic mechanisms that ultimately impact or alter the normal function and regulation of the MAPK pathway. As such, the RASopathies represent an excellent model of study to explore the intersection of the effects of dysregulation and its consequence in both development and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | | | - John Albeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Genetics Department, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Karen Gripp
- Departments of Division of Medical Genetics, AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Erin Hefner
- Costello Syndrome Family Network, Creve Coeur, Illinois
| | - William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin McMahon
- Departments of McMahon, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Nancy Ratner
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Annette Schenck
- Departments of Ratner, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suma Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Stanislav Shvartsman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David A Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Edward C Stites
- Departments of Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Philip J S Stork
- Departments of Stork, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenrative Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Therrien
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Departments of Peiatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Departments of Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Departments of Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - William Timmer
- Departments of Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank McCormick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Departments of McCormick, RAS Initiative, Frederick National Lab, Frederick, Maryland
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