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Hirano Y, Kuroda Y, Enomoto Y, Naruto T, Muroya K, Kurosawa K. Noonan syndrome-like phenotype associated with an ERF frameshift variant. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63652. [PMID: 38741564 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome is a so-called "RASopathy," that is characterized by short stature, distinctive facial features, congenital heart defects, and developmental delay. Of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Noonan syndrome, 80%-90% have pathogenic variants in the known genes implicated in the disorder, but the molecular mechanism is unknown in the remaining cases. Heterozygous pathogenic variants of ETS2 repressor factor (ERF), which functions as a repressor in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, cause syndromic craniosynostosis. Here, we report an ERF frameshift variant cosegregating with a Noonan syndrome-like phenotype in a family. The proband was a 3-year-old female who presented with dysmorphic facial features, including proptosis, hypertelorism, slightly down slanted palpebral fissures, low-set posteriorly rotated ears, depressed nasal bridge, short stature, and developmental delay. Exome sequencing of the proband identified a heterozygous ERF variant [NM_006494.4: c.185del p.(Glu62Glyfs*15)]. Her mother and sister showed a similar phenotype and had the same heterozygous ERF variant. A large proportion of the previously reported patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and pathogenic ERF variants also showed characteristic features that overlap with those of Noonan syndrome. The present finding supports an association between heterozygous ERF variants and a Noonan syndrome-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kuroda
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumi Enomoto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Naruto
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Muroya
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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Morán-Álvarez P, Gianviti A, Diomedi-Camassei F, Ginevrino M, de Benedetti F, Bracaglia C. Monogenic systemic lupus erythematosus onset in a 13-year-old boy with Noonan like-syndrome: a case report and literature review. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:17. [PMID: 38238724 PMCID: PMC10797908 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) has been considered as a polygenic autoimmune disease; however, a monogenic lupus-like phenotype is emerging with the recent recognition of several related novel high-penetrance genetic variants. RASopathies, a group of disorders caused by mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway, have been recently described as a cause of monogenic lupus. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 13-year-old boy with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair who developed a monogenic lupus. The renal biopsy confirmed a class III lupus nephritis and identified the presence of zebra bodies. CONCLUSIONS RASopathies represent a cause of monogenic lupus. We report a new case of monogenic lupus in a child with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair. Lupus nephritis which has never been described in this context, may be part of the presentation. The presence of zebra bodies in SLE or RASopathies in unclear, but no other known conditions (Fabry disease or drugs) were identified as the cause of zebra bodies in our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morán-Álvarez
- Division of Rheumatology, ERN RITA center, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
- Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Monia Ginevrino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Reseach Unit, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio de Benedetti
- Division of Rheumatology, ERN RITA center, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Bracaglia
- Division of Rheumatology, ERN RITA center, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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3
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Olsen GM, Johnson L, Castel P, Stevenson DA, White K, Chiu YE, Krol A, Siegel DH. Papillomas of Costello syndrome are not associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a small case series. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)00533-9. [PMID: 37028601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerilyn M Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
| | - Luke Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, 13 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 450 East 29(th) Street, New York, NY 10016
| | | | - Kevin White
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Yvonne E Chiu
- Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Alfons Krol
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Dawn H Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford, 450 Broadway, Discovery Hall, 1(st) Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063
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Cheng X, Jia X, Wang C, Zhou S, Chen J, Chen L, Chen J. Hyperglycemia induces PFKFB3 overexpression and promotes malignant phenotype of breast cancer through RAS/MAPK activation. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:112. [PMID: 36973739 PMCID: PMC10044395 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-02990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common tumor in women worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is a global chronic metabolic disease with increasing incidence. Diabetes mellitus has been reported to positively regulate the development of many tumors. However, the specific mechanism of hyperglycemic environment regulating breast cancer remains unclear. PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructose-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 3) is a key regulatory factor of the glycolysis process in diabetes mellitus, as well as a promoter of breast cancer. So, we want to explore the potential link between PFKFB3 and the poor prognosis of breast cancer patients with hyperglycemia in this study. METHODS Cell culture was utilized to construct different-glucose breast cancer cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to analyze the protein level of PFKFB3 in benign breast tissues, invasive ductal carcinoma with diabetes and invasive ductal carcinoma without diabetes. The Kaplan-Meier plotter database and GEO database (GSE61304) was adopted to analyze the survival of breast cancer patients with different PFKFB3 expression. Western blot was adopted to analyze the protein level of PFKFB3, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) in breast cancer cells. Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA) was utilized to investigate the potential downstream signaling pathways of PFKFB3. TargetScan and OncomiR were utilized to explore the potential mechanism of PFKFB3 overexpression by hyperglycemia. Transfections (including siRNAs and miRNA transfection premiers) was utilized to restrain or mimic the expression of the corresponding RNA. Cell functional assays (including cell counting, MTT, colony formation, wound-healing, and cell migration assays) were utilized to explore the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of PFKFB3 in breast cancer complicated with hyperglycemia was higher than that in breast cancer with euglycemia through cell experiment in vitro and histological experiment. PFKFB3 overexpression decreased the survival period of breast cancer patients and was correlated with a number of clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer complicated with diabetes. PFKFB3 promoted the proliferation and migration of breast cancer in a hyperglycemic environment and might be regulated by miR-26. In addition, PFKFB3 stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer in a hyperglycemic environment. In terms of downstream mechanism exploration, we predicted and verified the cancer-promoting effect of PFKFB3 in breast cancer complicated with hyperglycemia through RAS/MAPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PFKFB3 could be overexpressed by hyperglycemia and might be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer complicated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiupeng Jia
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunnian Wang
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangyan Zhou
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Cytopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Department of Histopathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China.
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Fujita A, Kato M, Sugano H, Iimura Y, Suzuki H, Tohyama J, Fukuda M, Ito Y, Baba S, Okanishi T, Enoki H, Fujimoto A, Yamamoto A, Kawamura K, Kato S, Honda R, Ono T, Shiraishi H, Egawa K, Shirai K, Yamamoto S, Hayakawa I, Kawawaki H, Saida K, Tsuchida N, Uchiyama Y, Hamanaka K, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Miyake N, Kakita A, Matsumoto N. An integrated genetic analysis of epileptogenic brain malformed lesions. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:33. [PMID: 36864519 PMCID: PMC9983246 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia is the most common malformation during cortical development, sometimes excised by epilepsy surgery and often caused by somatic variants of the mTOR pathway genes. In this study, we performed a genetic analysis of epileptogenic brain malformed lesions from 64 patients with focal cortical dysplasia, hemimegalencephy, brain tumors, or hippocampal sclerosis. Targeted sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray detected four germline and 35 somatic variants, comprising three copy number variants and 36 single nucleotide variants and indels in 37 patients. One of the somatic variants in focal cortical dysplasia type IIB was an in-frame deletion in MTOR, in which only gain-of-function missense variants have been reported. In focal cortical dysplasia type I, somatic variants of MAP2K1 and PTPN11 involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway were detected. The in-frame deletions of MTOR and MAP2K1 in this study resulted in the activation of the mTOR pathway in transiently transfected cells. In addition, the PTPN11 missense variant tended to elongate activation of the mTOR or RAS/MAPK pathway, depending on culture conditions. We demonstrate that epileptogenic brain malformed lesions except for focal cortical dysplasia type II arose from somatic variants of diverse genes but were eventually linked to the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sugano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Jun Tohyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, 950-2085, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukuda
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, 950-2085, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ito
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital, Niigata, 950-2085, Japan
| | - Shimpei Baba
- Department of Child Neurology, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hideo Enoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Ayataka Fujimoto
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, 430-8558, Japan
| | - Akiyo Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Ryoko Honda
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, 856-8562, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ono
- Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Omura, 856-8562, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Egawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shirai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, 300-0028, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, 300-0028, Japan
| | - Itaru Hayakawa
- Division of Neurology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawawaki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan
| | - Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Colic E, Patel PU, Kent OA. Aberrant MAPK Signaling Offers Therapeutic Potential for Treatment of Ovarian Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1331-1346. [PMID: 36388156 PMCID: PMC9645123 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s361512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide due to lack of effective screening, vague early symptoms, poor description of biomarkers, and absence of effective treatment regimes. Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is categorized into five distinct disease subtypes which collectively account for ~90% of ovarian carcinomas. Most women present at advanced stages contributing to a poor overall 5-year survival rate. Standard treatment for EOC is cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy; however, most patients suffer from recurrence and platinum-resistant disease, which highlights an urgent need for targeted therapy. The high frequency of molecular alterations affecting gain-of-function signaling through the RAS mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in EOC has prompted pre-clinical and clinical efforts toward research into the effectiveness of MAPK pathway inhibition as a second-line treatment. The RAS/MAPK pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction cascade, often disrupted in cancer, that regulates tumorigenic phenotypes including cellular proliferation, survival, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. Herein, the role of the MAPK pathway in EOC with emphasis on targetability of the pathway is described. Pre-clinical and clinical efforts to target MAPK signaling in EOC have identified several MAPK pathway inhibitors that offer efficacious potential for monotherapy and in combination with other compounds. Thus, inhibition of the RAS/MAPK pathway is emerging as a tractable strategy for treatment of ovarian cancer that may permit development of personalized therapy and improved prognosis for women challenged by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Colic
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Preya U Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oliver A Kent
- Department of Pharmacology, adMare BioInnovations, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Aboubakar Nana F, Ocak S. Targeting BRAF Activation as Acquired Resistance Mechanism to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091478. [PMID: 34575554 PMCID: PMC8471192 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib has become a standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring exon 19 and 21 activating mutations in the EGFR gene. Nevertheless, the 18.9-month median progression-free survival emphasizes the fact that resistance to osimertinib therapy is inevitable. Acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib in EGFR-driven NSCLC include MET amplification, EGFR C797S mutation, neuroendocrine differentiation, small-cell lung carcinoma histologic transformation, PD-L1 and KRAS amplifications and ESR1-AKAP12 and MKRN1-BRAF translocations, as well as BRAF V600 mutation. This last one represents 3% of the acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib. In this review, we discuss the rationale for EGFR/BRAF/MEK co-inhibition in the light of a clinical case of EGFR-mutant NSCLC developing a BRAF V600 mutation as an acquired resistance mechanism to osimertinib and responding to the association of osimertinib plus dabrafenib and trametinib. Additionally, we discuss the acquired resistance mechanisms to osimertinib plus dabrafenib and trametinib combination in that context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Aboubakar Nana
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie (PNEU), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Division of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebahat Ocak
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie (PNEU), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Division of Pneumology, CHU UCL Namur (Godinne Site), UCLouvain, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Gautam A, Sun Z, Winkler E, Su H, McCalmont TH, Kim H, Tihan T, Hoffman WY, Dowd CF, Frieden IJ, Cooke DL. Concurrent presentation of brain arteriovenous malformation, peripheral arteriovenous malformation, and cerebellar astrocytoma: Case report. Interdiscip Neurosurg 2020; 20. [PMID: 34307056 PMCID: PMC8302203 DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: We report a rare case of a 19-year-old female progressively affected by a peripheral arteriovenous malformation (pAVM), a midline cerebellar astrocytoma, and a brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM). Case description: She presented with a pulsatile mass on her left cheek, which was classified as a pAVM through angiography. Following treatment with embolization and surgical resection, she returned with enlargement of the mass and imaging incidentally identified a cerebellar astrocytoma. Suboccipital craniotomy, C1 laminectomy, and endoscopic third ventriculostomy were subsequently performed. She was later treated again for growth of her pAVM, and angiography revealed the presence of a left temporal bAVM, which was resected via a pterional craniotomy. Conclusions: Pathological staining identified activation of mTOR and RAS/MAPK pathway in the patient’s pAVM and bAVM tissue samples. Furthermore, genetic sequencing demonstrated an activating MAPK21 (K57N) mutation in the pAVM and a gain of distal chromosome 7q in the pilocytic astrocytoma. No germline mutation was identified to explain all pathologies. This case demonstrates the need for continued development and further integration of multi-disciplinary genetic, radiological, and neurological treatment teams to effectively care for such complex presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Gautam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zhengda Sun
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ethan Winkler
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hua Su
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Timothy H. McCalmont
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Helen Kim
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tarik Tihan
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - William Y. Hoffman
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chris F. Dowd
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ilona J. Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel L. Cooke
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, United States. (D.L. Cooke)
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9
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Daoud E, Zwick D. Noonan Syndrome Case Report: PTPN11 and Other Potential Genetic Factors Contributing to Lethal Hypertrophic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:386-390. [PMID: 30665336 DOI: 10.1177/1093526618825411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome is a genetic condition with a heterogeneous phenotype and multisystem involvement. The pathogenesis of this disorder has been attributed to the mutations in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. The most common clinical presentations are related to cardiovascular abnormalities with congestive heart failure as the most common mechanism of death. We present the autopsy findings from a Noonan syndrome patient who died as a result of an unusual form of right ventricular obstruction associated with a rare PTPN11 variant previously reported without details of the cardiac findings. Discussion follows that includes overview of the incidence, genetic causes, types of right-sided obstructive lesions, PTPN11 genotype-cardiac phenotype correlations, and other potential mechanisms that may contribute to disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daoud
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - David Zwick
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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10
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Gripp KW, Morse LA, Axelrad M, Chatfield KC, Chidekel A, Dobyns W, Doyle D, Kerr B, Lin AE, Schwartz DD, Sibbles BJ, Siegel D, Shankar SP, Stevenson DA, Thacker MM, Weaver KN, White SM, Rauen KA. Costello syndrome: Clinical phenotype, genotype, and management guidelines. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1725-1744. [PMID: 31222966 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS) is a RASopathy caused by activating germline mutations in HRAS. Due to ubiquitous HRAS gene expression, CS affects multiple organ systems and individuals are predisposed to cancer. Individuals with CS may have distinctive craniofacial features, cardiac anomalies, growth and developmental delays, as well as dermatological, orthopedic, ocular, and neurological issues; however, considerable overlap with other RASopathies exists. Medical evaluation requires an understanding of the multifaceted phenotype. Subspecialists may have limited experience in caring for these individuals because of the rarity of CS. Furthermore, the phenotypic presentation may vary with the underlying genotype. These guidelines were developed by an interdisciplinary team of experts in order to encourage timely health care practices and provide medical management guidelines for the primary and specialty care provider, as well as for the families and affected individuals across their lifespan. These guidelines are based on expert opinion and do not represent evidence-based guidelines due to the lack of data for this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | - Marni Axelrad
- Psychology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Aaron Chidekel
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - William Dobyns
- Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Doyle
- Division of Endocrinology, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Manchester Center for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David D Schwartz
- Psychology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara J Sibbles
- Division of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dawn Siegel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Suma P Shankar
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - David A Stevenson
- Division of Medical Genetic, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Mihir M Thacker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nemoirs-Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - K Nicole Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sue M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
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11
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Niihori T, Nagai K, Fujita A, Ohashi H, Okamoto N, Okada S, Harada A, Kihara H, Arbogast T, Funayama R, Shirota M, Nakayama K, Abe T, Inoue SI, Tsai IC, Matsumoto N, Davis EE, Katsanis N, Aoki Y. Germline-Activating RRAS2 Mutations Cause Noonan Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1233-1240. [PMID: 31130285 PMCID: PMC6562005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by distinctive craniofacial appearance, short stature, and congenital heart disease. Approximately 80% of individuals with NS harbor mutations in genes whose products are involved in the RAS/mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. However, the underlying genetic causes in nearly 20% of individuals with NS phenotype remain unexplained. Here, we report four de novo RRAS2 variants in three individuals with NS. RRAS2 is a member of the RAS subfamily and is ubiquitously expressed. Three variants, c.70_78dup (p.Gly24_Gly26dup), c.216A>T (p.Gln72His), and c.215A>T (p.Gln72Leu), have been found in cancers; our functional analyses showed that these three changes induced elevated association of RAF1 and that they activated ERK1/2 and ELK1. Notably, prominent activation of ERK1/2 and ELK1 by p.Gln72Leu associates with the severe phenotype of the individual harboring this change. To examine variant pathogenicity in vivo, we generated zebrafish models. Larvae overexpressing c.70_78dup (p.Gly24_Gly26dup) or c.216A>T (p.Gln72His) variants, but not wild-type RRAS2 RNAs, showed craniofacial defects and macrocephaly. The same dose injection of mRNA encoding c.215A>T (p.Gln72Leu) caused severe developmental impairments and low dose overexpression of this variant induced craniofacial defects. In contrast, the RRAS2 c.224T>G (p.Phe75Cys) change, located on the same allele with p.Gln72His in an individual with NS, resulted in no aberrant in vitro or in vivo phenotypes by itself. Together, our findings suggest that activating RRAS2 mutations can cause NS and expand the involvement of RRAS2 proto-oncogene to rare germline disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Koki Nagai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuko Harada
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka 569-1192, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Onomichi General Hospital, Hiroshima 722-8508, Japan
| | - Thomas Arbogast
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Department of Cell Proliferation, United Center for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Taiki Abe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - I-Chun Tsai
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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12
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Wojtas B, Gielniewski B, Wojnicki K, Maleszewska M, Mondal SS, Nauman P, Grajkowska W, Glass R, Schüller U, Herold-Mende C, Kaminska B. Gliosarcoma Is Driven by Alterations in PI3K/Akt, RAS/MAPK Pathways and Characterized by Collagen Gene Expression Signature. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030284. [PMID: 30818875 PMCID: PMC6468745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliosarcoma is a very rare brain tumor reported to be a variant of glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype. While differences in molecular and histological features between gliosarcoma and GBM were reported, detailed information on the genetic background of this tumor is lacking. We intend to fill in this knowledge gap by the complex analysis of somatic mutations, indels, copy number variations, translocations and gene expression patterns in gliosarcomas. Using next generation sequencing, we determined somatic mutations, copy number variations (CNVs) and translocations in 10 gliosarcomas. Six tumors have been further subjected to RNA sequencing analysis and gene expression patterns have been compared to those of GBMs. We demonstrate that gliosarcoma bears somatic alterations in gene coding for PI3K/Akt (PTEN, PI3K) and RAS/MAPK (NF1, BRAF) signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor growth. Interestingly, the frequency of PTEN alterations in gliosarcomas was much higher than in GBMs. Aberrations of PTEN were the most frequent and occurred in 70% of samples. We identified genes differentially expressed in gliosarcoma compared to GBM (including collagen signature) and confirmed a difference in the protein level by immunohistochemistry. We found several novel translocations (including translocations in the RABGEF1 gene) creating potentially unfavorable combinations. Collected results on genetic alterations and transcriptomic profiles offer new insights into gliosarcoma pathobiology, highlight differences in gliosarcoma and GBM genetic backgrounds and point out to distinct molecular cues for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartlomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Shamba S Mondal
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Pawel Nauman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw 02-957, Poland.
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland.
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics, LMU Munich 80539, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf 20251, Germany.
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Rauen KA, Schoyer L, Schill L, Stronach B, Albeck J, Andresen BS, Cavé H, Ellis M, Fruchtman SM, Gelb BD, Gibson CC, Gripp K, Hefner E, Huang WYC, Itkin M, Kerr B, Linardic CM, McMahon M, Oberlander B, Perlstein E, Ratner N, Rogers L, Schenck A, Shankar S, Shvartsman S, Stevenson DA, Stites EC, Stork PJS, Sun C, Therrien M, Ullian EM, Widemann BC, Yeh E, Zampino G, Zenker M, Timmer W, McCormick F. Proceedings of the fifth international RASopathies symposium: When development and cancer intersect. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2924-2929. [PMID: 30302932 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes and highlights the fifth International RASopathies Symposium: When Development and Cancer Intersect, held in Orlando, Florida in July 2017. The RASopathies comprise a recognizable pattern of malformation syndromes that are caused by germ line mutations in genes that encode components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Because of their common underlying pathogenetic etiology, there is significant overlap in their phenotypic features, which includes craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and ocular abnormalities, neurological and neurocognitive issues, and a predisposition to cancer. The RAS pathway is a well-known oncogenic pathway that is commonly found to be activated in somatic malignancies. As in somatic cancers, the RASopathies can be caused by various pathogenetic mechanisms that ultimately impact or alter the normal function and regulation of the MAPK pathway. As such, the RASopathies represent an excellent model of study to explore the intersection of the effects of dysregulation and its consequence in both development and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | | | - John Albeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Genetics Department, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Karen Gripp
- Departments of Division of Medical Genetics, AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Erin Hefner
- Costello Syndrome Family Network, Creve Coeur, Illinois
| | - William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin McMahon
- Departments of McMahon, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Nancy Ratner
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Annette Schenck
- Departments of Ratner, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suma Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Stanislav Shvartsman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David A Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Edward C Stites
- Departments of Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Philip J S Stork
- Departments of Stork, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenrative Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Therrien
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Departments of Peiatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Departments of Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Departments of Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - William Timmer
- Departments of Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank McCormick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Departments of McCormick, RAS Initiative, Frederick National Lab, Frederick, Maryland
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14
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Vazhappilly CG, Saleh E, Ramadan W, Menon V, Al-Azawi AM, Tarazi H, Abdu-Allah H, El-Shorbagi AN, El-Awady R. Inhibition of SHP2 by new compounds induces differential effects on RAS/RAF/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways in different cancer cell types. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:252-261. [PMID: 29947013 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Kinases and phosphatases are important players in growth signaling and are involved in cancer development. For development of targeted cancer therapy, attention is given to kinases rather than phosphatases inhibitors. Src homology region 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase2 (SHP2) is overexpressed in different types of cancers. We investigated the SHP2-inhibitory effects of two new 5-aminosalicylate-4-thiazolinones in human cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231) cancer cells. In-silico molecular docking showed preferential affinity of the two compounds towards the catalytic over the allosteric site of SHP2. An enzymatic assay confirmed the docking results whereby 0.01 μM of both compounds reduced SHP2 activity to 50%. On cellular level, the two compounds significantly reduced the expression of SHP2, KRAS, p-ERK and p-STAT3 in HeLa but not in the other two cell lines. Phosphorylation of AKT and JNK was enhanced in HeLa and MCF7. Both compounds exhibited anti-proliferative/anti-migratory effects on HeLa and MCF7 but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results indicate that inhibition of SHP2 and its downstream pathways by the two compounds might be a promising strategy for cancer therapy in some but not all cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cijo George Vazhappilly
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ekram Saleh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Ramadan
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Varsha Menon
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Mudhafar Al-Azawi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, University City Road, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hajjaj Abdu-Allah
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Nasser El-Shorbagi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, University City Road, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Medicinal Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, University City Road, 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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15
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Sterken MG, van Bemmelen van der Plaat L, Riksen JAG, Rodriguez M, Schmid T, Hajnal A, Kammenga JE, Snoek BL. Ras/MAPK Modifier Loci Revealed by eQTL in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (Bethesda) 2017; 7:3185-93. [PMID: 28751501 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The oncogenic Ras/MAPK pathway is evolutionarily conserved across metazoans. Yet, almost all our knowledge on this pathway comes from studies using single genetic backgrounds, whereas mutational effects can be highly background dependent. Therefore, we lack insight in the interplay between genetic backgrounds and the Ras/MAPK-signaling pathway. Here, we used a Caenorhabditis elegans RIL population containing a gain-of-function mutation in the Ras/MAPK-pathway gene let-60 and measured how gene expression regulation is affected by this mutation. We mapped eQTL and found that the majority (∼73%) of the 1516 detected cis-eQTL were not specific for the let-60 mutation, whereas most (∼76%) of the 898 detected trans-eQTL were associated with the let-60 mutation. We detected six eQTL trans-bands specific for the interaction between the genetic background and the mutation, one of which colocalized with the polymorphic Ras/MAPK modifier amx-2. Comparison between transgenic lines expressing allelic variants of amx-2 showed the involvement of amx-2 in 79% of the trans-eQTL for genes mapping to this trans-band. Together, our results have revealed hidden loci affecting Ras/MAPK signaling using sensitized backgrounds in C. elegans. These loci harbor putative polymorphic modifier genes that would not have been detected using mutant screens in single genetic backgrounds.
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16
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Freiman E, Wojcik MH, Krone K, Casey A, Winn AS, Roberts AE, Harper BD. Congenital Chylothorax as the Initial Presentation of PTPN11-Associated Noonan Syndrome. J Pediatr 2017; 185:248-248.e1. [PMID: 28363362 PMCID: PMC5529256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding Author: Dr. Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Department of Medicine & Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Phone: 617-919-4377; Fax: 617-738-7066;
| | - Eli Freiman
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica H. Wojcik
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie Krone
- Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia Casey
- Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ariel S. Winn
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy E. Roberts
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth D. Harper
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Keeler AB, Suo D, Park J, Deppmann CD. Delineating neurotrophin-3 dependent signaling pathways underlying sympathetic axon growth along intermediate targets. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 82:66-75. [PMID: 28461220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postganglionic sympathetic neurons detect vascular derived neurotrophin 3 (NT3) via the axonally expressed receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA, to promote chemo-attraction along intermediate targets. Once axons arrive to their final target, a structurally related neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor (NGF), also acts through TrkA to promote final target innervation. Does TrkA signal differently at these different locales? We previously found that Coronin-1 is upregulated in sympathetic neurons upon exposure to NGF, thereby endowing the NGF-TrkA complex with new signaling capabilities (i.e. calcium signaling), which dampens axon growth and branching. Based on the notion that axons do not express functional levels of Coronin-1 prior to final target innervation, we developed an in vitro model for axon growth and branching along intermediate targets using Coro1a-/- neurons grown in NT3. We found that, similar to NGF-TrkA, NT3-TrkA is capable of inducing MAPK and PI3K in the presence or absence of Coronin-1. However, unlike NGF, NT3 does not induce calcium release from intracellular stores. Using a combination of pharmacology, knockout neurons and in vitro functional assays, we suggest that the NT3-TrkA complex uses Ras/MAPK and/or PI3K-AKT signaling to induce axon growth and inhibit axon branching along intermediate targets. However, in the presence of Coronin-1, these signaling pathways lose their ability to impact NT3 dependent axon growth or branching. This is consistent with a role for Coronin-1 as a molecular switch for axon behavior and suggests that Coronin-1 suppresses NT3 dependent axon behavior.
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18
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Baldassarre G, Mussa A, Banaudi E, Rossi C, Tartaglia M, Silengo M, Ferrero GB. Phenotypic variability associated with the invariant SHOC2 c.4A>G (p.Ser2Gly) missense mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:3120-5. [PMID: 25331583 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair (NS/LAH; OMIM 607721) is a developmental disorder clinically related to Noonan syndrome (NS) and characterized by facial dysmorphisms, postnatal growth retardation, cardiac anomalies (in particular dysplasia of the mitral valve and septal defects), variable neurocognitive impairment, and florid ectodermal features. A distinctive trait of NS/LAH is its association with easily pluckable, slow growing, sparse, and thin hair. This rare condition is due to the invariant c.4A > G missense (p.Ser2Gly) change in SHOC2, which encodes a regulatory protein that participate in RAS signaling. Here we report two patients with molecularly confirmed NS/LAH, with extremely different phenotypic expression, in particular concerning the severity of the cardiac phenotype and neurocognitive profile. While the first available clinical records outlined a relatively homogeneous phenotype in NS/LAH, the present data emphasize that the phenotype spectrum associated with this invariant mutation is wider than previously recognized.
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