1
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Pierpont EI, Bennett AM, Schoyer L, Stronach B, Anschutz A, Borrie SC, Briggs B, Burkitt-Wright E, Castel P, Cirstea IC, Draaisma F, Ellis M, Fear VS, Frone MN, Flex E, Gelb BD, Green T, Gripp KW, Khoshkhoo S, Kieran MW, Kleemann K, Klein-Tasman BP, Kontaridis MI, Kruszka P, Leoni C, Liu CZ, Merchant N, Magoulas PL, Moertel C, Prada CE, Rauen KA, Roelofs R, Rossignol R, Sevilla C, Sevilla G, Sheedy R, Stieglitz E, Sun D, Tiemens D, White F, Wingbermühle E, Wolf C, Zenker M, Andelfinger G. The 8th International RASopathies Symposium: Expanding research and care practice through global collaboration and advocacy. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63477. [PMID: 37969032 PMCID: PMC10939912 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are the molecular cause of RASopathies, a group of clinically overlapping genetic syndromes. RASopathies constitute a wide clinical spectrum characterized by distinct facial features, short stature, predisposition to cancer, and variable anomalies in nearly all the major body systems. With increasing global recognition of these conditions, the 8th International RASopathies Symposium spotlighted global perspectives on clinical care and research, including strategies for building international collaborations and developing diverse patient cohorts in anticipation of interventional trials. This biannual meeting, organized by RASopathies Network, was held in a hybrid virtual/in-person format. The agenda featured emerging discoveries and case findings as well as progress in preclinical and therapeutic pipelines. Stakeholders including basic scientists, clinician-scientists, practitioners, industry representatives, patients, and family advocates gathered to discuss cutting edge science, recognize current gaps in knowledge, and hear from people with RASopathies about the experience of daily living. Presentations by RASopathy self-advocates and early-stage investigators were featured throughout the program to encourage a sustainable, diverse, long-term research and advocacy partnership focused on improving health and bringing treatments to people with RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah C Borrie
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases
| | - Benjamin Briggs
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
| | - Emma Burkitt-Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Ion C Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University
| | - Fieke Draaisma
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Vanessa S. Fear
- Translational Genetics, Precision Health, Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia
| | - Megan N. Frone
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Instituo Superiore di Sanità
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine
| | - Tamar Green
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Karen W. Gripp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Hospital
| | - Sattar Khoshkhoo
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Karolin Kleemann
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen
| | | | - Maria I Kontaridis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational Medicine, Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, New York, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Chiara Leoni
- Center for Rare Diseases and Birth Defects, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clifford Z. Liu
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine
| | | | - Pilar L. Magoulas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Carlos E. Prada
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Metabolism, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A. Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of California Davis
| | - Renée Roelofs
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California
| | - Daochun Sun
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Dagmar Tiemens
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children’s Hospital
| | - Forest White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Ellen Wingbermühle
- Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Cordula Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill School of Biomedical Sciences
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2
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Kontaridis MI, Roberts AE, Schill L, Schoyer L, Stronach B, Andelfinger G, Aoki Y, Axelrad ME, Bakker A, Bennett AM, Broniscer A, Castel P, Chang CA, Cyganek L, Das TK, den Hertog J, Galperin E, Garg S, Gelb BD, Gordon K, Green T, Gripp KW, Itkin M, Kiuru M, Korf BR, Livingstone JR, López‐Juárez A, Magoulas PL, Mansour S, Milner T, Parker E, Pierpont EI, Plouffe K, Rauen KA, Shankar SP, Smith SB, Stevenson DA, Tartaglia M, Van R, Wagner ME, Ware SM, Zenker M. The seventh international RASopathies symposium: Pathways to a cure-expanding knowledge, enhancing research, and therapeutic discovery. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1915-1927. [PMID: 35266292 PMCID: PMC9117434 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies are a group of genetic disorders that are caused by genes that affect the canonical Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the molecular consequences of these genetic anomalies, little movement has been made in translating these findings to the clinic. This year, the seventh International RASopathies Symposium focused on expanding the research knowledge that we have gained over the years to enhance new discoveries in the field, ones that we hope can lead to effective therapeutic treatments. Indeed, for the first time, research efforts are finally being translated to the clinic, with compassionate use of Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors for the treatment of RASopathies. This biannual meeting, organized by the RASopathies Network, brought together basic scientists, clinicians, clinician scientists, patients, advocates, and their families, as well as representatives from pharmaceutical companies and the National Institutes of Health. A history of RASopathy gene discovery, identification of new disease genes, and the latest research, both at the bench and in the clinic, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Kontaridis
- Department of Biomedical Research and Translational MedicineMasonic Medical Research InstituteUticaNew YorkUSA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Amy E. Roberts
- Department of CardiologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Division of Genetics, Department of PediatricsBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lisa Schill
- RASopathies Network USAAltadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint‐Justine Research CentreUniversité de MontréalMontréalCanada
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical GeneticsTohoku University School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Marni E. Axelrad
- Section of Psychology, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Anton M. Bennett
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems MetabolismYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Alberto Broniscer
- Division of Hematology‐OncologyUPMC Children's Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Pau Castel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Caitlin A. Chang
- Department of Medical GeneticsBC Women and Children's HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Tirtha K. Das
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative BiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute‐KNAW and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Institute Biology LeidenLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Shruti Garg
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of Manchester & Child & Adolescent Mental Health ServicesManchesterUK
| | - Bruce D. Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and the Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kristiana Gordon
- Lymphovascular Medicine, Dermatology DepartmentSt. George's UniversityLondonUK
| | - Tamar Green
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen W. Gripp
- Department of GeneticsAI duPont Hospital for ChildrenWilmingtonDelawareUSA
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Center for Lymphatic Disorders, Department of RadiologyUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Maija Kiuru
- Department of Dermatology, Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruce R. Korf
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | | | - Alejandro López‐Juárez
- Department of Health and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexasUSA
| | - Pilar L. Magoulas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Sahar Mansour
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences InstituteSt George's UniversityLondonUK
- South West Thames Regional Genetics ServiceSt George's NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | | | | | - Elizabeth I. Pierpont
- Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Katherine A. Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, MIND InstituteUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Suma P. Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, MIND InstituteUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - David A. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical GeneticsStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research DivisionOspedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Richard Van
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Morgan E. Wagner
- NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology ProgramFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Stephanie M. Ware
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University HospitalOtto‐von‐Guericke UniversityMagdeburgGermany
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3
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Gross AM, Frone M, Gripp KW, Gelb BD, Schoyer L, Schill L, Stronach B, Biesecker LG, Esposito D, Hernandez ER, Legius E, Loh ML, Martin S, Morrison DK, Rauen KA, Wolters PL, Zand D, McCormick F, Savage SA, Stewart DR, Widemann BC, Yohe ME. Advancing RAS/RASopathy therapies: An NCI-sponsored intramural and extramural collaboration for the study of RASopathies. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:866-876. [PMID: 31913576 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RASopathies caused by germline pathogenic variants in genes that encode RAS pathway proteins. These disorders include neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome (NS), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC), and Costello syndrome (CS), and others. RASopathies are characterized by heterogenous manifestations, including congenital heart disease, failure to thrive, and increased risk of cancers. Previous work led by the NCI Pediatric Oncology Branch has altered the natural course of one of the key manifestations of the RASopathy NF1. Through the conduct of a longitudinal cohort study and early phase clinical trials, the MEK inhibitor selumetinib was identified as the first active therapy for the NF1-related peripheral nerve sheath tumors called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs). As a result, selumetinib was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the FDA for the treatment of PN. Other RASopathy manifestations may also benefit from RAS targeted therapies. The overall goal of Advancing RAS/RASopathy Therapies (ART), a new NCI initiative, is to develop effective therapies and prevention strategies for the clinical manifestations of the non-NF1 RASopathies and for tumors characterized by somatic RAS mutations. This report reflects discussions from a February 2019 initiation meeting for this project, which had broad international collaboration from basic and clinical researchers and patient advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan Frone
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Department of Genetics, Division of Pediatrics, Al duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Pediatrics, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dominic Esposito
- NCI RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Edjay Ralph Hernandez
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Legius
- Laboratory for Neurofibromatosis Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Staci Martin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah K Morrison
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Pamela L Wolters
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dina Zand
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Frank McCormick
- NCI RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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4
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Gripp KW, Schill L, Schoyer L, Stronach B, Bennett AM, Blaser S, Brown A, Burdine R, Burkitt-Wright E, Castel P, Darilek S, Dias A, Dyer T, Ellis M, Erickson G, Gelb BD, Green T, Gross A, Ho A, Holder JL, Inoue SI, Jelin AC, Kennedy A, Klein R, Kontaridis MI, Magoulas P, McConnell DB, McCormick F, Neel BG, Prada CE, Rauen KA, Roberts A, Rodriguez-Viciana P, Rosen N, Rumbaugh G, Sablina A, Solman M, Tartaglia M, Thomas A, Timmer WC, Venkatachalam K, Walsh KS, Wolters PL, Yi JS, Zenker M, Ratner N. The sixth international RASopathies symposium: Precision medicine-From promise to practice. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:597-606. [PMID: 31825160 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The RASopathies are a group of genetic disorders that result from germline pathogenic variants affecting RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway genes. RASopathies share RAS/MAPK pathway dysregulation and share phenotypic manifestations affecting numerous organ systems, causing lifelong and at times life-limiting medical complications. RASopathies may benefit from precision medicine approaches. For this reason, the Sixth International RASopathies Symposium focused on exploring precision medicine. This meeting brought together basic science researchers, clinicians, clinician scientists, patient advocates, and representatives from pharmaceutical companies and the National Institutes of Health. Novel RASopathy genes, variants, and animal models were discussed in the context of medication trials and drug development. Attempts to define and measure meaningful endpoints for treatment trials were discussed, as was drug availability to patients after trial completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Gripp
- Al duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Lisa Schill
- RASopathies Network USA, Altadena, California
| | | | | | | | - Susan Blaser
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Brown
- Noonan Syndrome Foundation, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Emma Burkitt-Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pau Castel
- UCSF, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Alwyn Dias
- Bridge Group Consulting, Morristown, New Jersey
| | - Tuesdi Dyer
- CFC International, Saint Petersburg, Florida
| | | | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Pediatrics, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Alan Ho
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Annie Kennedy
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | - Frank McCormick
- UCSF, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Amy Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Neal Rosen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Anna Sablina
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maja Solman
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karin S Walsh
- Children's National Hospital & The George Washington School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Pamela L Wolters
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jae-Sung Yi
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin Zenker
- University Hospital Magdeburg, Institute of Human Genetics, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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5
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Rauen KA, Schoyer L, Schill L, Stronach B, Albeck J, Andresen BS, Cavé H, Ellis M, Fruchtman SM, Gelb BD, Gibson CC, Gripp K, Hefner E, Huang WYC, Itkin M, Kerr B, Linardic CM, McMahon M, Oberlander B, Perlstein E, Ratner N, Rogers L, Schenck A, Shankar S, Shvartsman S, Stevenson DA, Stites EC, Stork PJS, Sun C, Therrien M, Ullian EM, Widemann BC, Yeh E, Zampino G, Zenker M, Timmer W, McCormick F. Proceedings of the fifth international RASopathies symposium: When development and cancer intersect. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2924-2929. [PMID: 30302932 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This report summarizes and highlights the fifth International RASopathies Symposium: When Development and Cancer Intersect, held in Orlando, Florida in July 2017. The RASopathies comprise a recognizable pattern of malformation syndromes that are caused by germ line mutations in genes that encode components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Because of their common underlying pathogenetic etiology, there is significant overlap in their phenotypic features, which includes craniofacial dysmorphology, cardiac, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal and ocular abnormalities, neurological and neurocognitive issues, and a predisposition to cancer. The RAS pathway is a well-known oncogenic pathway that is commonly found to be activated in somatic malignancies. As in somatic cancers, the RASopathies can be caused by various pathogenetic mechanisms that ultimately impact or alter the normal function and regulation of the MAPK pathway. As such, the RASopathies represent an excellent model of study to explore the intersection of the effects of dysregulation and its consequence in both development and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Rauen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, MIND Institute, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | | | - John Albeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hélène Cavé
- Genetics Department, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bruce D Gelb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Karen Gripp
- Departments of Division of Medical Genetics, AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Erin Hefner
- Costello Syndrome Family Network, Creve Coeur, Illinois
| | - William Y C Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Radiology, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bronwyn Kerr
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne M Linardic
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Martin McMahon
- Departments of McMahon, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Nancy Ratner
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Annette Schenck
- Departments of Ratner, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Suma Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Stanislav Shvartsman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David A Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Edward C Stites
- Departments of Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Philip J S Stork
- Departments of Stork, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenrative Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Therrien
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erik M Ullian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Departments of Peiatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erika Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Departments of Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Departments of Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - William Timmer
- Departments of Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Frank McCormick
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Departments of McCormick, RAS Initiative, Frederick National Lab, Frederick, Maryland
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Stronach
- a University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics ; Pittsburgh , PA USA
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7
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Garlena RA, Gonda RL, Green AB, Pileggi RM, Stronach B. Regulation of mixed-lineage kinase activation in JNK-dependent morphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:3177-88. [PMID: 20736302 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.063313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal cells respond appropriately to various signals, while sustaining proper developmental programs and tissue homeostasis. Inappropriate signal reception, response or attenuation, can upset the normal balance of signaling within cells, leading to dysfunction or tissue malformation. To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate protein-kinase-based signaling in the context of tissue morphogenesis, we analyzed the domain requirements of Drosophila Slpr, a mixed-lineage kinase (MLK), for Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. The N-terminal half of Slpr is involved in regulated signaling whereas the C-terminal half promotes cortical protein localization. The SH3 domain negatively regulates Slpr activity consistent with autoinhibition via a conserved proline motif. Also, like many kinases, conserved residues in the activation segment of the catalytic domain regulate Slpr. Threonine 295, in particular, is essential for function. Slpr activation requires dual input from the MAP4K Misshapen (Msn), through its C-terminal regulatory domain, and the GTPase Rac, which both bind to the LZ-CRIB region of Slpr in vitro. Although Rac is sufficient to activate JNK signaling, our results indicate that there are Slpr-independent functions for Rac in dorsal closure. Finally, expression of various Slpr constructs alone or with upstream activators reveals a wide-ranging response at the cell and tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Garlena
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Abstract
In the absence of moesin, RhoA slips out of its normal role as a GTPase to activate the JNK MAPK pathway and spur apoptosis. Precisely controlled growth and morphogenesis of developing epithelial tissues require coordination of multiple factors, including proliferation, adhesion, cell shape, and apoptosis. RhoA, a small GTPase, is known to control epithelial morphogenesis and integrity through its ability to regulate the cytoskeleton. In this study, we examine a less well-characterized RhoA function in cell survival. We demonstrate that the Drosophila melanogaster RhoA, Rho1, promotes apoptosis independently of Rho kinase through its effects on c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling. In addition, Rho1 forms a complex with Slipper (Slpr), an upstream activator of the JNK pathway. Loss of Moesin (Moe), an upstream regulator of Rho1 activity, results in increased levels of Rho1 at the plasma membrane and cortical accumulation of Slpr. Together, these results suggest that Rho1 functions at the cell cortex to regulate JNK activity and implicate Rho1 and Moe in epithelial cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Neisch
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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9
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Abstract
POSH (Plenty of SH3 domains) is a scaffold for signaling proteins regulating cell survival. Specifically, POSH promotes assembly of a complex including Rac GTPase, mixed lineage kinase (MLK), MKK7, and Jun kinase (JNK). In Drosophila, genetic analysis implicated POSH in Tak1-dependent innate immune response, in part through regulation of JNK signaling. Homologs of the POSH signaling complex components, MLK and MKK7, are essential in Drosophila embryonic dorsal closure. Using a gain-of-function approach, we tested whether POSH plays a role in this process. Ectopic expression of POSH in the embryo causes dorsal closure defects due to apoptosis of the amnioserosa, but ectodermal JNK signaling is normal. Phenotypic consequences of POSH expression were found to be dependent on Drosophila Nc, the caspase-9 homolog, but only partially on Tak1 and not at all on Slpr and Hep. These results suggest that POSH may use different signaling complexes to promote cell death in distinct contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Lennox
- Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Annex, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Polaski S, Whitney L, Barker BW, Stronach B. Genetic analysis of slipper/mixed lineage kinase reveals requirements in multiple Jun-N-terminal kinase-dependent morphogenetic events during Drosophila development. Genetics 2006; 174:719-33. [PMID: 16888342 PMCID: PMC1602089 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.056564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) function as Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) kinase kinases to transduce extracellular signals during development and homeostasis in adults. slipper (slpr), which encodes the Drosophila homolog of mammalian MLKs, has previously been implicated in activation of the JNK pathway during embryonic dorsal epidermal closure. To further define the specific functions of SLPR, we analyzed the phenotypic consequences of slpr loss and gain of function throughout development, using a semiviable maternal-effect allele and wild-type or dominant-negative transgenes. From these analyses we confirm that failure of dorsal closure is the null phenotype in slpr germline clones. In addition, there is a functional maternal contribution, which can suffice for embryogenesis in the zygotic null mutant, but rarely suffices for pupal metamorphosis, revealing later functions for slpr as the maternal contribution is depleted. Zygotic null mutants that eclose as adults display an array of morphological defects, many of which are shared by hep mutant animals, deficient in the JNK kinase (JNKK/MKK7) substrate for SLPR, suggesting that the defects observed in slpr mutants primarily reflect loss of hep-dependent JNK activation. Consistent with this, the maternal slpr contribution is sensitive to the dosage of positive and negative JNK pathway regulators, which attenuate or potentiate SLPR-dependent signaling in development. Although SLPR and TAK1, another JNKKK family member, are differentially used in dorsal closure and TNF/Eiger-stimulated apoptosis, respectively, a Tak1 mutant shows dominant genetic interactions with slpr, suggesting potential redundant or combinatorial functions. Finally, we demonstrate that SLPR overexpression can induce ectopic JNK signaling and that the SLPR protein is enriched at the epithelial cell cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Polaski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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12
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Abstract
Specificity in signal transduction is essential to ensure distinct and appropriate cellular responses to extracellular cues. Determining the mechanisms that mediate specificity is key to understanding complex cell behaviors in development, when multiple pathways fire simultaneously and individual pathways are used recurrently. Jun kinase (JNK) signal transduction exemplifies a pathway that is used multiple times in animal development and homeostasis. Indeed, molecular genetic analysis of JNK signaling in Drosophila has shown that a core signaling module consisting of Hep (JNKK), Bsk (JNK), and Jun regulates various processes, including tissue morphogenesis, wound repair, stress response, innate immune response, and others. Six putative JNKK kinase (JNKKK) family members are present in the fly genome, which could activate the core module in response to distinct stimuli. The diversity of kinases at this level of the signaling hierarchy could substantially increase the number of possible signals that feed into activation of the core module. Recent studies have described the distinct phenotypic consequences of mutations in three of the genes, Slpr (dMLK), Tak1, and Mekk1. These data, together with Drosophila cell culture and genomic array analyses support the contention that the choice of JNKKK may contribute to signaling specificity in vivo. Whether this is achieved by individual JNKKKs or by means of a combinatorial mechanism will require a systematic characterization of compound mutants and a toolbox of transcriptional reporters specific for distinct JNK-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Stronach
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, USA.
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Abstract
Myosins are a superfamily of actin-dependent molecular motor proteins, among which the bipolar filament forming myosins II have been the most studied. The activity of smooth muscle/non-muscle myosin II is regulated by phosphorylation of the regulatory light chains, that in turn is modulated by the antagonistic activity of myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase. The phosphatase activity is mainly regulated through phosphorylation of its myosin binding subunit MYPT. To identify the function of these phosphorylation events, we have molecularly characterized the Drosophila homologue of MYPT, and analyzed its mutant phenotypes. We find that Drosophila MYPT is required for cell sheet movement during dorsal closure, morphogenesis of the eye, and ring canal growth during oogenesis. Our results indicate that the regulation of the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains, or dynamic activation and inactivation of myosin II, is essential for its various functions during many developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Change Tan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Stronach
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Author for correspondence ()
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Stronach B, Perrimon N. Activation of the JNK pathway during dorsal closure in Drosophila requires the mixed lineage kinase, slipper. Genes Dev 2002; 16:377-87. [PMID: 11825878 PMCID: PMC155330 DOI: 10.1101/gad.953002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2001] [Accepted: 12/05/2001] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Jun kinase (JNK) pathway has been characterized for its role in stimulating AP-1 activity and for modulating the balance between cell growth and death during development, inflammation, and cancer. Six families of mammalian kinases acting at the level of JNKKK have emerged as upstream regulators of JNK activity (MLK, LZK, TAK, ASK, MEKK, and TPL); however, the specificity underlying which kinase is utilized for transducing a distinct signal is poorly understood. In Drosophila, JNK signaling plays a central role in dorsal closure, controlling cell fate and cell sheet morphogenesis during embryogenesis. Notably, in the fly genome, there are single homologs of each of the mammalian JNKKK families. Here, we identify mutations in one of those, a mixed lineage kinase, named slipper (slpr), and show that it is required for JNK activation during dorsal closure. Furthermore, our results show that other putative JNKKKs cannot compensate for the loss of slpr function and, thus, may regulate other JNK or MAPK-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Stronach
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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15
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Abstract
Establishing cellular polarity is critical for tissue organization and function. Initially discovered in the landmark genetic screen for Drosophila developmental mutants, bazooka, crumbs, shotgun and stardust mutants exhibit severe disruption in apicobasal polarity in embryonic epithelia, resulting in multilayered epithelia, tissue disintegration, and defects in cuticle formation. Here we report that stardust encodes single PDZ domain MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) proteins that are expressed in all primary embryonic epithelia from the onset of gastrulation. Stardust colocalizes with Crumbs at the apicolateral boundary, although their expression patterns in sensory organs differ. Stardust binds to the carboxy terminus of Crumbs in vitro, and Stardust and Crumbs are mutually dependent in their stability, localization and function in controlling the apicobasal polarity of epithelial cells. However, for the subset of ectodermal cells that delaminate and form neuroblasts, their polarity requires the function of Bazooka, but not of Stardust or Crumbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0725, USA
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Nie W, Stronach B, Panganiban G, Shippy T, Brown S, Denell R. Molecular characterization of Tclabial and the 3' end of the Tribolium homeotic complex. Dev Genes Evol 2001; 211:244-51. [PMID: 11455439 DOI: 10.1007/s004270100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2000] [Accepted: 02/20/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The homeotic selector gene labial is located at the 3' end of the Antennapedia complex (ANTC) and is required for proper head development in Drosophila. We have cloned and characterized the Tribolium ortholog of labial, Tclabial (Tclab). Similar to Drosophila labial, Tclab contains a single large intron upstream of the homeobox. In contrast, Tclab lacks an intron within the homeobox. The Tribolium ortholog of chaoptic, Tcchaoptic, transcribed from the opposite strand, is located immediately downstream of the homeotic complex, and its 3'UTR overlaps that of Tclab by 50 nucleotides. We have also sequenced the 13.5 kb interval between Tclab and maxillopedia (the Tribolium ortholog of Drosophila proboscipedia). In contrast to Drosophila, there is not a cluster of cuticle genes in this region. Finally, we have examined the expression of Tclab transcripts in Tribolium embryos. As previously described for Drosophila and other insects, the expression of Tclab is specific to the intercalary segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nie
- Division of Biology, Ackert Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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