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Hassan N, Krieg T, Kopp A, Bach AD, Kröger N. Challenges and Pitfalls of Research Designs Involving Magnesium-Based Biomaterials: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6242. [PMID: 38892430 PMCID: PMC11172609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-based biomaterials hold remarkable promise for various clinical applications, offering advantages such as reduced stress-shielding and enhanced bone strengthening and vascular remodeling compared to traditional materials. However, ensuring the quality of preclinical research is crucial for the development of these implants. To achieve implant success, an understanding of the cellular responses post-implantation, proper model selection, and good study design are crucial. There are several challenges to reaching a safe and effective translation of laboratory findings into clinical practice. The utilization of Mg-based biomedical devices eliminates the need for biomaterial removal surgery post-healing and mitigates adverse effects associated with permanent biomaterial implantation. However, the high corrosion rate of Mg-based implants poses challenges such as unexpected degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity. The biocompatibility and degradability of materials based on magnesium have been studied by many researchers in vitro; however, evaluations addressing the impact of the material in vivo still need to be improved. Several animal models, including rats, rabbits, dogs, and pigs, have been explored to assess the potential of magnesium-based materials. Moreover, strategies such as alloying and coating have been identified to enhance the degradation rate of magnesium-based materials in vivo to transform these challenges into opportunities. This review aims to explore the utilization of Mg implants across various biomedical applications within cellular (in vitro) and animal (in vivo) models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Alexander D. Bach
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH-Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital Eschweiler, 52249 Eschweiler, Germany
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Raducanu D, Cojocaru VD, Nocivin A, Drob SI, Hendea RE, Stanciu D, Ivanescu S, Raducanu VA, Serban N, Cojocaru EM, Campian RS. The Characterization of a Biodegradable Mg Alloy after Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam/Metal Processing for Custom Shaped Implants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1682. [PMID: 38612195 PMCID: PMC11012606 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
A new Mg-Zn-Zr-Ca alloy in a powder state, intended to be used for custom shaped implants, was obtained via a mechanical alloying method from pure elemental powder. Further, the obtained powder alloy was processed by a PBF-LB/M (powder bed fusion with laser beam/of metal) procedure to obtain additive manufactured samples for small biodegradable implants. A series of microstructural, mechanical and corrosion analyses were performed. The SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis of the powder alloy revealed a good dimensional homogeneity, with a uniform colour, no agglutination and almost rounded particles, suitable for the powder bed fusion procedure. Further, the PBF-LB/M samples revealed a robust and unbreakable morphology, with a suitable porosity (that can reproduce that of cortical bone) and without an undesirable balling effect. The tested Young's modulus of the PBF-LB/M samples, which was 42 GPa, is close to that of cortical bone, 30 GPa. The corrosion tests that were performed in PBS (Phosphate-buffered saline) solution, with three different pH values, show that the corrosion parameters have a satisfactory evolution comparative to the commercial ZK 60 alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Raducanu
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Vasile Danut Cojocaru
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Anna Nocivin
- Faculty of Mechanical, Industrial and Maritime Engineering, OVIDIUS University of Constanta, 900527 Constanța, Romania
| | - Silviu Iulian Drob
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Emil Hendea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.E.H.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Doina Stanciu
- ZIRCON DENT SRL, 400690 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (S.I.)
| | | | - Vlad Andrei Raducanu
- Faculty of Decorative Arts and Design, National University of Arts, 010702 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nicolae Serban
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.R.); (V.D.C.); (N.S.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.E.H.); (R.S.C.)
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Franke A, Sequenc AF, Sembdner P, Seidler A, Matschke JB, Leonhardt H. Three-dimensional measurements of symmetry for the mandibular ramus. Ann Anat 2024; 253:152229. [PMID: 38367950 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study examines a sample of patients presenting for viscerocranial computer tomography that does not display any apparent signs of asymmetry, assesses the three-dimensional congruency of the mandibular ramus, and focuses on differences in age and gender. METHODS This cross-sectional cohort study screened viscerocranial CT data of patients without deformation or developmental anomalies. Segmentations were obtained from the left and right sides and superimposed according to the best-fit alignment. Comparisons were made to evaluate three-dimensional congruency and compared between subgroups according to age and gender. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-eight patients were screened, and one hundred patients met the inclusion criteria. There were no statistical differences between the left and right sides of the mandibular ramus. Also, there were no differences between the subgroups. The overall root mean square was 0.75 ± 0.15 mm, and the mean absolute distance from the mean was 0.54 ± 0.10 mm. CONCLUSION The mean difference was less than one millimetre, far below the two-millimetre distance described in the literature that defines relative symmetry. Our study population displays a high degree of three-dimensional congruency. Our findings help to understand that there is sufficient three-dimensional congruency of the mandibular ramus, thus contributing to facilitating CAD-CAM-based procedures based on symmetry for this specific anatomic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Franke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Philipp Sembdner
- Chair of Virtual Product Development, Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Seidler
- Chair of Virtual Product Development, Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Bernard Matschke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany
| | - Henry Leonhardt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany
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吴 雨, 白 浪, 刘 妍, 韩 潜, 刘 俏, 艾 义, 徐 美, 温 暖, 单 智, 尹 战. [Research progress of magnesium and magnesium alloy implants in sports medicine]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2024; 38:380-386. [PMID: 38500435 PMCID: PMC10982037 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202401072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress of magnesium and magnesium alloy implants in the repair and reconstruction of sports injury. Methods Relevant literature of magnesium and magnesium alloys for sports injury repair and reconstruction was extensively reviewed. The characteristics of magnesium and its alloys and their applications in the repair and reconstruction of sports injuries across various anatomical sites were thoroughly discussed and summarized. Results Magnesium and magnesium alloys have advantages in mechanical properties, biosafety, and promoting tendon-bone interface healing. Many preclinical studies on magnesium and magnesium alloy implants for repairing and reconstructing sports injuries have yielded promising results. However, successful clinical translation still requires addressing issues related to mechanical strength and degradation behavior, where alloying and surface treatments offer feasible solutions. Conclusion The clinical translation of magnesium and magnesium alloy implants for repairing and reconstructing sports injuries holds promise. Subsequent efforts should focus on optimizing the mechanical strength and degradation behavior of magnesium and magnesium alloy implants. Conducting larger-scale biocompatibility testing and developing novel magnesium-containing implants represent new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- 雨宽 吴
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 浪 白
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 妍兰 刘
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 潜 韩
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 俏男 刘
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 义翔 艾
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 美光 徐
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 暖洋 温
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
| | - 智伟 单
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
- 西安交通大学材料科学与工程学院(西安 710049)Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - 战海 尹
- 西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科(西安 710061)Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China
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Joshua RJN, Raj SA, Hameed Sultan MT, Łukaszewicz A, Józwik J, Oksiuta Z, Dziedzic K, Tofil A, Shahar FS. Powder Bed Fusion 3D Printing in Precision Manufacturing for Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:769. [PMID: 38591985 PMCID: PMC10856375 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Precision manufacturing requirements are the key to ensuring the quality and reliability of biomedical implants. The powder bed fusion (PBF) technique offers a promising solution, enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific implants with a high degree of precision. This technology is revolutionizing the biomedical industry, paving the way for a new era of personalized medicine. This review explores and details powder bed fusion 3D printing and its application in the biomedical field. It begins with an introduction to the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology and its various classifications. Later, it analyzes the numerous fields in which powder bed fusion 3D printing has been successfully deployed where precision components are required, including the fabrication of personalized implants and scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review also discusses the potential advantages and limitations for using the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology in terms of precision, customization, and cost effectiveness. In addition, it highlights the current challenges and prospects of the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology. This work offers valuable insights for researchers engaged in the field, aiming to contribute to the advancement of the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology in the context of precision manufacturing for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan John Nekin Joshua
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sakthivel Aravind Raj
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Aerospace Malaysia Innovation Centre (944751-A), Prime Minister’s Department, MIGHT Partnership Hub, Jalan Impact, Cyberjaya 63000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrzej Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Józwik
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
- Institute of Technical Sciences and Aviation, University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100 Chełm, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Oksiuta
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Dziedzic
- Institute of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Tofil
- Institute of Technical Sciences and Aviation, University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, Pocztowa 54, 22-100 Chełm, Poland;
| | - Farah Syazwani Shahar
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Van Hai L, Nhu Ngoc D, Mai Khanh P, Van Tuan L, Nhat Dinh V, Viet Nam N. Effect of coating time on the formation of coating layer and degradation behavior of hydroxyapatite coated ZK60 alloy. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2024; 22:22808000241251564. [PMID: 38912599 DOI: 10.1177/22808000241251564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effect of coating time on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) coating layer on ZK60 substrate and understand the biodegradation behavior of the coated alloy for biodegradable implant applications. METHODS Biodegradable ZK60 alloy was coated by HA layer for different times of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h by chemical conversion method. After coating, all the coated specimens were used for immersion test in Hanks' solution to understand the effect of coating time on the degradation behavior of the alloy. The degradation rate of the coated alloy was evaluated by Mg2+ ion quantification and pH change during immersion test. The microstructure of the coating layer was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) before and after immersion to understand the degradation behavior of the coated alloy. RESULTS HA coating layers were formed successfully on surface of ZK60 specimens after 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h with different microstructure. Optimal coating quality was observed at 1 or 2 h, characterized by well-formed and uniform HA layers. However, extending the coating duration to 4 h led to the formation of cracks within the HA layer, accompanied by Mg(OH)2. Specimens coated for 1 and 2 h exhibited the lowest degradation rates, while specimens coated for 0.5 and 4 h showed the highest degradation rates. Furthermore, analysis of degradation products revealed the predominance of calcium phosphates formed on the surface of specimens coated for 1 and 2 h. Conversely, specimens coated for 0.5 and 4 h exhibited Mg(OH)2 as the primary degradation product, suggesting a less effective corrosion barrier under these conditions. CONCLUSION The HA layer formed after 2 h demonstrated as the most effective coating layer for enhancing the corrosion resistance of the ZK60 alloy for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Van Hai
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Nhu Ngoc
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Mai Khanh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Tuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Nhat Dinh
- 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Nam
- Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Manescu (Paltanea) V, Antoniac I, Antoniac A, Laptoiu D, Paltanea G, Ciocoiu R, Nemoianu IV, Gruionu LG, Dura H. Bone Regeneration Induced by Patient-Adapted Mg Alloy-Based Scaffolds for Bone Defects: Present and Future Perspectives. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:618. [PMID: 38132557 PMCID: PMC10742271 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects resulting after tumor surgeries, accidents, or non-unions is an actual problem linked to morbidity and the necessity of a second surgery and often requires a critical healthcare cost. Although the surgical technique has changed in a modern way, the treatment outcome is still influenced by patient age, localization of the bone defect, associated comorbidities, the surgeon approach, and systemic disorders. Three-dimensional magnesium-based scaffolds are considered an important step because they can have precise bone defect geometry, high porosity grade, anatomical pore shape, and mechanical properties close to the human bone. In addition, magnesium has been proven in in vitro and in vivo studies to influence bone regeneration and new blood vessel formation positively. In this review paper, we describe the magnesium alloy's effect on bone regenerative processes, starting with a short description of magnesium's role in the bone healing process, host immune response modulation, and finishing with the primary biological mechanism of magnesium ions in angiogenesis and osteogenesis by presenting a detailed analysis based on a literature review. A strategy that must be followed when a patient-adapted scaffold dedicated to bone tissue engineering is proposed and the main fabrication technologies are combined, in some cases with artificial intelligence for Mg alloy scaffolds, are presented with examples. We emphasized the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of each study and made a basis for the researchers who want to start to apply the regenerative potential of magnesium-based scaffolds in clinical practice. Challenges, future directions, and special potential clinical applications such as osteosarcoma and persistent infection treatment are present at the end of our review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Manescu (Paltanea)
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.M.); (A.A.); (R.C.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (I.V.N.)
| | - Iulian Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.M.); (A.A.); (R.C.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, RO-050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.M.); (A.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Dan Laptoiu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma I, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 19-21 Soseaua Stefan cel Mare, RO-020125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe Paltanea
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (I.V.N.)
| | - Robert Ciocoiu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.M.); (A.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Iosif Vasile Nemoianu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania; (G.P.); (I.V.N.)
| | - Lucian Gheorghe Gruionu
- Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, 13 Alexandru Ioan Cuza, RO-200585 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Horatiu Dura
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RO-550169 Sibiu, Romania;
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Hassan N, Krieg T, Zinser M, Schröder K, Kröger N. An Overview of Scaffolds and Biomaterials for Skin Expansion and Soft Tissue Regeneration: Insights on Zinc and Magnesium as New Potential Key Elements. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3854. [PMID: 37835903 PMCID: PMC10575381 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of materials in medical implants, serving as substitutes for non-functional biological structures, supporting damaged tissues, or reinforcing active organs, holds significant importance in modern healthcare, positively impacting the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. However, certain implants may only be required temporarily to aid in the healing process of diseased or injured tissues and tissue expansion. Biodegradable metals, including zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), iron, and others, present a new paradigm in the realm of implant materials. Ongoing research focuses on developing optimized materials that meet medical standards, encompassing controllable corrosion rates, sustained mechanical stability, and favorable biocompatibility. Achieving these objectives involves refining alloy compositions and tailoring processing techniques to carefully control microstructures and mechanical properties. Among the materials under investigation, Mg- and Zn-based biodegradable materials and their alloys demonstrate the ability to provide necessary support during tissue regeneration while gradually degrading over time. Furthermore, as essential elements in the human body, Mg and Zn offer additional benefits, including promoting wound healing, facilitating cell growth, and participating in gene generation while interacting with various vital biological functions. This review provides an overview of the physiological function and significance for human health of Mg and Zn and their usage as implants in tissue regeneration using tissue scaffolds. The scaffold qualities, such as biodegradation, mechanical characteristics, and biocompatibility, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hassan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Translational Matrix Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Zinser
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Schröder
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadja Kröger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Ercetin A, Aslantaş K, Özgün Ö, Perçin M, Chandrashekarappa MPG. Optimization of Machining Parameters to Minimize Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness in Micro-Milling of Mg13Sn Alloy. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1590. [PMID: 37630126 PMCID: PMC10456406 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive study investigates the micro-milling of a Mg13Sn alloy, a material of considerable interest in various high-precision applications, such as biomedical implants. The main objective of the study was to explore the optimizations of variable feed per tooth (fz), cutting speed (Vc), and depth of cut (ap) parameters on the key outcomes of the micro-milling process. A unique experimental setup was employed, employing a spindle capable of achieving up to 60,000 revolutions per minute. Additionally, the study leveraged linear slides backed by micro-step motors to facilitate precise axis movements, thereby maintaining a resolution accuracy of 0.1 μm. Cutting forces were accurately captured by a mini dynamometer and subsequently evaluated based on the peak to valley values for Fx (tangential force) and Fy (feed force). The study results revealed a clear and complex interplay between the varied cutting parameters and their subsequent impacts on the cutting forces and surface roughness. An increase in feed rate and depth of cut significantly increased the cutting forces. However, the cutting forces were found to decrease noticeably with the elevation of cutting speed. Intriguingly, the tangential force (Fx) was consistently higher than the feed force (Fy). Simultaneously, the study determined that the surface roughness, denoted by Sa values, increased in direct proportion to the feed rate. It was also found that the Sa surface roughness values decreased with the increase in cutting speed. This study recommends a parameter combination of fz = 5 µm/tooth feed rate, Vc = 62.8 m/min cutting speed, and ap = 400 µm depth of cut to maintain a Sa surface roughness value of less than 1 µm while ensuring an optimal material removal rate and machining time. The results derived from this study offer vital insights into the micro-milling of Mg13Sn alloys and contribute to the current body of knowledge on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ercetin
- Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Maritime Faculty, Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Bandırma 10200, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Aslantaş
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey;
| | - Özgür Özgün
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Perçin
- Department of Machine and Metal Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey;
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Hendea RE, Raducanu D, Claver A, García JA, Cojocaru VD, Nocivin A, Stanciu D, Serban N, Ivanescu S, Trisca-Rusu C, Campian RS. Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys for Personalised Temporary Implants. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:400. [PMID: 37623645 PMCID: PMC10455490 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experimental work was to examine and characterise the route for obtaining demonstrative temporary biodegradable personalised implants from the Mg alloy Mg-10Zn-0.5Zr-0.8Ca (wt.%). This studied Mg alloy was obtained in its powder state using the mechanical alloying method, with shape and size characteristics suitable for ensuing 3D additive manufacturing using the SLM (selective laser melting) procedure. The SLM procedure was applied to various processing parameters. All obtained samples were characterised microstructurally (using XRD-X-ray diffraction, and SEM-scanning electron microscopy); mechanically, by applying a compression test; and, finally, from a corrosion resistance viewpoint. Using the optimal test processing parameters, a few demonstrative temporary implants of small dimensions were made via the SLM method. Our conclusion is that mechanical alloying combined with SLM processing has good potential to manage 3D additive manufacturing for personalised temporary biodegradable implants of magnesium alloys. The compression tests show results closer to those of human bones compared to other potential metallic alloys. The applied corrosion test shows result comparable with that of the commercial magnesium alloy ZK60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Emil Hendea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.E.H.); (R.S.C.)
| | - Doina Raducanu
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Adrián Claver
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (J.A.G.)
| | - José Antonio García
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (A.C.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Vasile Danut Cojocaru
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Anna Nocivin
- Faculty of Mechanical, Industrial and Maritime Engineering, OVIDIUS University of Constanta, 900527 Constanța, Romania;
| | - Doina Stanciu
- Zircon Dent SRL, 400690 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Nicolae Serban
- Department of Metallic Materials Processing and Ecometallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (V.D.C.); (N.S.)
| | | | - Corneliu Trisca-Rusu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Micro-Technologies, 077190 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.E.H.); (R.S.C.)
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