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Trucillo P. Biomaterials for Drug Delivery and Human Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:456. [PMID: 38255624 PMCID: PMC10817481 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials embody a groundbreaking paradigm shift in the field of drug delivery and human applications. Their versatility and adaptability have not only enriched therapeutic outcomes but also significantly reduced the burden of adverse effects. This work serves as a comprehensive overview of biomaterials, with a particular emphasis on their pivotal role in drug delivery, classifying them in terms of their biobased, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature, and highlighting their characteristics and advantages. The examination also delves into the extensive array of applications for biomaterials in drug delivery, encompassing diverse medical fields such as cancer therapy, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and vaccination. This work also explores the actual challenges within this domain, including potential toxicity and the complexity of manufacturing processes. These challenges emphasize the necessity for thorough research and the continuous development of regulatory frameworks. The second aim of this review is to navigate through the compelling terrain of recent advances and prospects in biomaterials, envisioning a healthcare landscape where they empower precise, targeted, and personalized drug delivery. The potential for biomaterials to transform healthcare is staggering, as they promise treatments tailored to individual patient needs, offering hope for improved therapeutic efficacy, fewer side effects, and a brighter future for medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Trucillo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Shah NA, Lan RT, Dai R, Jiang K, Shen HY, Hong R, Xu JZ, Li L, Li ZM. Improved oxidation stability and crosslink density of chemically crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene using the antioxidant synergy for artificial joints. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:26-37. [PMID: 35809250 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E (VE) is currently an approved antioxidant to improve the oxidation stability of highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) insert used commercially in total joint arthroplasty. However, the decrease in crosslink density caused by VE reduces wear resistance of UHMWPE, showing an uncoordinated challenge. In this work, we hypothesized that D-sorbitol (DS) as a secondary antioxidant can improve the antioxidant efficacy of VE on chemically crosslinked UHMWPE. The combined effect of VE and DS on oxidation stability of UHMWPE was investigated at a set of controlled hybrid antioxidant content. The hybrid antioxidant strategy showed significantly synergistic enhancement on the oxidation stability of chemically crosslinked UHMWPE compared with the single VE strategy. More strikingly, the crosslink density of the blends with hybrid antioxidants stayed at a high level since DS is not sensitive to crosslinking. The relationships between oxidation stability, mechanical properties, crosslink density, and crystallinity were investigated, by which the clinically relevant overall performance of UHMWPE was optimized. This work provides a leading-edge design mean for the development of joint bearings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouman Ali Shah
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ri-Tong Lan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Dai
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Hong
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Zhuang Xu
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingli Li
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Guo J, Park EJ, Teo YC, Abbas A, Goh D, Smith RAA, Nie Y, Nguyen HTL, Yeong JPS, Cool S, Makio H, Teo P. Bioactive polyethylene synthesized by ring opening metathesis polymerization for potential orthopaedic applications. Polym Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01545e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive polyethylene incorporating hydrophobic PE-bearing macromonomers and hydrophilic PEGylated-peptide macromonomers was synthesized via ROMP. 3D-printed sheets of it with UHMWPE showed enhanced osteogenic activity for potential orthopaedic applications.
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Spece H, Yarbrough RV, Kurtz SM. In Vivo Performance of Vitamin E Stabilized Polyethylene Implants for Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Review. J Arthroplasty 2022; 38:970-979. [PMID: 36481286 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E stabilization was introduced to improve the oxidative stability, wear resistance, and mechanical properties of highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE). In this literature review, we asked: (1) How has vitamin E-stabilized HXLPE (VEPE) performed in vivo for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and how does it compare with conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and HXLPE without vitamin E; and (2) Is there an apparent difference in the clinical performance of VEPE created by blending versus diffusion? METHODS We performed a systematic search of the literature according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed and Embase. Included studies reported the in vivo behavior of VEPE in THA. We reviewed 41 studies. RESULTS For all studies that compared polyethylene with and without VE stabilization, outcomes for VEPE were either equivalent or superior to the control group (for HXLPE without VE and conventional UHMWPE controls, respectively). Hip insert wear rates were generally less than 0.1 mm/year and in most cases were less than 0.05 mm/year. No VEPE components were revised for osteolysis or adverse outcomes specific to VE incorporation. CONCLUSION Across the literature, we found that VEPE was reported to be clinically effective for THA applications, with much of the research indicating positive clinical outcomes and lower or equivalent wear rates compared to conventional UHMWPE and HXLPE controls without VE. Instances of early component fracture were reported, but have multiple potential causes. There is a gap in the literature for comparison of blended and diffused components, so the in vivo impact of VE incorporation method remains to be seen. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive summary of VEPE clinical performance for THA and may serve as a resource for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Spece
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Gyroid, LLC, Haddonfield, NJ
| | | | - Steven M Kurtz
- Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Gyroid, LLC, Haddonfield, NJ
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Zhang H, Guo Y, Tian F, Qiao Y, Tang Z, Zhu C, Xu J. Discussion of Orientation and Performance of Crosslinked Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Used for Artificial Joints. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29230-29237. [PMID: 35700194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the orientation structure of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for artificial joints was considered to be unchanged after irradiation crosslinking. Therefore, much of the research related to the long-term failure of artificial joints has focused on material improvements. In this study, ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and the small/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS-WAXS) combined technique reveal that the orientation structures of UHMWPE materials at all scales (nanoscale to microscale) are responsible for the long-term failure of artificial joints. To further illustrate the formation of these hierarchical oriented structures, a simple model is presented. In this model, first, the migration of free radicals plays a vital role, and the different steric hindrances in different directions directly lead to uneven migration behavior of free radicals. Second, the uneven migration of free radicals contributes to an inhomogeneous concentration of free radicals, thus resulting in observable crosslinking nonuniformities. Finally, all the hierarchical structural nonuniformities promote long-term failure of artificial joints after long-term wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuhai Guo
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yongna Qiao
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Gkiatas I, Karasavvidis T, Sharma AK, Xiang W, Malahias MA, Chalmers BP, Sculco PK. Highly cross-linked polyethylene in primary total knee arthroplasty is associated with a lower rate of revision for aseptic loosening: a meta-analysis of 962,467 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:1177-1184. [PMID: 33847797 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) includes the highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) which has been reported as an effective manner to reduce the wear of the polyethylene and the osteolysis. The purpose of the present study is to synthesize the results of comparative studies between HXLPE and conventional polyethylenes and determine their effect in primary TKA. METHODS The US National Library of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE) and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were queried for publications utilizing the following keywords: "cross-linked", "polyethylene", "HXLPE", "conventional", "total knee arthroplasty", "TKA", "total knee replacement" and "TKR" combined with Boolean operators AND and OR. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the present meta-analysis with 962,467 patients. No significant difference was found regarding the revision rate for any reason between the patients who received HXLPE and those with conventional liner (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.39-1.18; I2: 97.7%). In addition, there was no difference regarding the radiolucent lines between the two types of liners (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.20-1.49; I2: 69.4%). However, with data coming from seven studies enrolling a total of 411,543 patients, it was demonstrated that patients who received HXLPE were less likely to be revised due to aseptic loosening compared to the patients with conventional liners (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.31-0.39; I2: 0.0%). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis showed that regarding the overall revision rate and radiographic outcomes there was no significant difference between the two types of liners. On the other hand, the significantly less revision rate due to loosening supports the routine continued use of HXLPE in primary TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkiatas
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation Complex Joint Reconstruction Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10022, USA.
| | - Theofilos Karasavvidis
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abhinav K Sharma
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - William Xiang
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation Complex Joint Reconstruction Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Michael-Alexander Malahias
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation Complex Joint Reconstruction Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Brian P Chalmers
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | - Peter K Sculco
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation Complex Joint Reconstruction Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, 10022, USA
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Sultana A, Zare M, Luo H, Ramakrishna S. Surface Engineering Strategies to Enhance the In Situ Performance of Medical Devices Including Atomic Scale Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11788. [PMID: 34769219 PMCID: PMC8583812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of intense scientific research investigations clearly suggest that only a subset of a large number of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, and nanomaterials are suitable as biomaterials for a growing number of biomedical devices and biomedical uses. However, biomaterials are prone to microbial infection due to Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), hepatitis, tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and many more. Hence, a range of surface engineering strategies are devised in order to achieve desired biocompatibility and antimicrobial performance in situ. Surface engineering strategies are a group of techniques that alter or modify the surface properties of the material in order to obtain a product with desired functionalities. There are two categories of surface engineering methods: conventional surface engineering methods (such as coating, bioactive coating, plasma spray coating, hydrothermal, lithography, shot peening, and electrophoretic deposition) and emerging surface engineering methods (laser treatment, robot laser treatment, electrospinning, electrospray, additive manufacturing, and radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique). Atomic-scale engineering, such as chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer etching, plasma immersion ion deposition, and atomic layer deposition, is a subsection of emerging technology that has demonstrated improved control and flexibility at finer length scales than compared to the conventional methods. With the advancements in technologies and the demand for even better control of biomaterial surfaces, research efforts in recent years are aimed at the atomic scale and molecular scale while incorporating functional agents in order to elicit optimal in situ performance. The functional agents include synthetic materials (monolithic ZnO, quaternary ammonium salts, silver nano-clusters, titanium dioxide, and graphene) and natural materials (chitosan, totarol, botanical extracts, and nisin). This review highlights the various strategies of surface engineering of biomaterial including their functional mechanism, applications, and shortcomings. Additionally, this review article emphasizes atomic scale engineering of biomaterials for fabricating antimicrobial biomaterials and explores their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Sultana
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Mina Zare
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Hongrong Luo
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore; (A.S.); (S.R.)
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Elbardesy H, Yadav H, Rabea M, Guerin S, Harty J. Femoral head penetration in Vitamin-E polyethylene liner versus conventional liners in total hip arthroplasty: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials. SICOT J 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 34515633 PMCID: PMC8436949 DOI: 10.1051/sicotj/2021045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Debate encompasses the use of Vitamin E Polyethylene or conventional Polyethylene liner in primary hip arthroplasty. Does the Inclusion of Vitamin E in PE give adequate protection from oxidation and maintains lower rates of wear? PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed this study following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement (PRISMA) and the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Studies were included from any region, written in any language. We had only the randomised control trials comparing the femoral head penetration between Vitamin-E diffused highly cross-linked polyethylene (VEPE) liner and conventional liners in primary total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS We included 10 studies in this meta-analysis. We conducted them using Review Manager V.5.0. We computed the risk ratio to measure the treatment effect, considering the heterogeneity. We used Random-effect models. VEPE had insignificant marginal advantages for FHP within three months post-operative. Additionally, VEPE showed significantly less FHP after two and five years. After one year, it showed significantly less FHP with the VEPE group versus the UHMWPE cohort and a non-significant difference between the VEPE and XLPE group. CONCLUSIONS In terms of FHP, this metanalysis shows less FHP for the VEPE than conventional PE. A longer follow-up period is required to evaluate whether the oxidation protection gained by Vitamin E results in lower wear rates, less osteolysis, and aseptic loosening compared to the conventional PE in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Elbardesy
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork T12DFK4, Ireland
| | - Himanshu Yadav
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork T12DFK4, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Rabea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 32216, Egypt
| | - Shane Guerin
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork T12DFK4, Ireland
| | - James Harty
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork T12DFK4, Ireland
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Schwiesau J, Fritz B, Bergmann G, Puente Reyna AL, Schilling C, Grupp TM. Influence of radiation conditions on the wear behaviour of Vitamin E treated UHMWPE gliding components for total knee arthroplasty after extended artificial aging and simulated daily patient activities. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104652. [PMID: 34246078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The long term performance of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with regards to the bearing materials is related to the aging behaviour of these materials. The use of highly crosslinked materials in hip arthroplasty improved the clinical outcome. Nevertheless, the outcome for these materials compared to conventional UHMWPE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) remains controversial in TKA and alternative bearing materials may be advantageous to improve its outcome in the second and third decade. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the influence of radiation conditions on the wear behaviour of Vitamin E blended UHMWPE gliding components for TKA by simulation of extended aging and high demanding daily patient activities. For a medium radiation dose (30 kGy), the influence of the irradiation type (E-beam or Gamma radiation) and the thermal conditions (room temperature (RT) or heated to 115 °C) are evaluated in comparison to non-irradiated material. Significant influences on the wear behaviour were found for the radiation source and temperature during irradiation. Furthermore, no relevant degradation of the tested materials was observed after extended artificial aging. There was a good correspondence between the wear pattern in this study and retrievals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schwiesau
- Aesculap AG Research & Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Georg Bergmann
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas M Grupp
- Aesculap AG Research & Development, Tuttlingen, Germany; Ludwig Maximilians University Munich Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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Hemmilä M, Laaksonen I, Matilainen M, Eskelinen A, Haapakoski J, Puhto AP, Kettunen J, Pamilo K, Mäkelä KT. Implant survival of 2,723 vitamin E-infused highly crosslinked polyethylene liners in total hip arthroplasty: data from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register. Acta Orthop 2021; 92:316-322. [PMID: 33517823 PMCID: PMC8231410 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2021.1879513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - The use of crosslinked polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has decreased wear remarkably. It has been suggested that the antioxidative effects of vitamin E may enhance the wear properties of polyethylene even further. This study evaluates revision rates between vitamin E-infused polyethylene liners (E1 and E-poly, ZimmerBiomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) versus moderately crosslinked polyethylene (ModXLPE) liners from the same manufacturer used in primary THA.Patients and methods - We conducted a study based on data from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register. The study group consisted of 2,723 THAs with a vitamin E-infused liner and a reference group of 2,707 THAs with a moderately crosslinked polyethylene liner. Survivorship, revision risk, and re-revision causes were compared between groups.Results - The 7-year survival of the vitamin E-infused polyethylene liner group and of the reference group with revision for any reason as the endpoint was comparable (94% [95% CI 92.9-94.9] and 93% [CI 91.9-93.9], respectively). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for any revision was similar between the groups (0.7 [CI 0.4-1.1]). When revision for aseptic loosening was studied as the endpoint, the survival for the study group was 99% (CI 98.6-99.4) and for the reference group 99% (CI 98.7-99.5), and the risk of revision was comparable between the study groups (HR 1.3 [CI 0.7-2.5]).Interpretation - After an observation period of 7 years vitamin E-infused liners shows results equal to results obtained with crosslinked polyethylene liners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Hemmilä
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku; ,Correspondence:
| | - Inari Laaksonen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku;
| | - Markus Matilainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku;
| | - Antti Eskelinen
- Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere;
| | | | - Ari-Pekka Puhto
- Division of Operative Care, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu;
| | - Jukka Kettunen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Konsta Pamilo
- Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies, Tampere University, Tampere;
| | - Keijo T Mäkelä
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku;
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Vitamin E-enriched polyethylene bearings are not inferior to Arcom bearings in primary total knee arthroplasty at medium-term follow-up. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021; 141:1027-1033. [PMID: 33417026 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The release of wear particles can be responsible for periprosthetic osteolysis, which can in turn, lead to aseptic loosening. Vitamin E-infused polyethylene (HXLPE Vit-E) has been shown, in vitro, to be more resistant to wear than conventional polyethylene (UHMWPE) by its crosslinking (HXLPE) and its higher resistance to oxidation. After reading a case report of a fracture of a vitamin E-enriched HXLPE bearing, the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate fracture risk and clinical inferiority or not of vitamin-E HXLPE compared to conventional polyethylene in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred and forty-nine patients (403 TKAs) were contacted, to find out whether they had undergone revision surgery for any reason after a mean (SD) of 7 (1.5) years. Follow-up control radiographs were analyzed for periprosthetic radiolucent lines (RLL) and loosening. Two different Patient Reported Outcome Measurements Scores (PROMS), KOOS and FJS-12, were utilized to assess the daily functionality and identify potential problems. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in revision rate, occurrence of aseptic loosening or RLL nor outcome as measured with PROMS was observed. CONCLUSIONS No bearing fractures or clinical inferiority was observed for vitamin E-enriched HXLPE at medium-term follow-up (7 years) compared to conventional Arcom polyethylene. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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12
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Nanotechnology as an Anti-Infection Strategy in Periprosthetic Joint Infections (PJI). Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6020091. [PMID: 34071727 PMCID: PMC8261634 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a devastating consequence of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) because of its high morbidity and its high impact on patient quality of life. The lack of standardized preventive and treatment strategies is a major challenge for arthroplasty surgeons. The purpose of this article was to explore the potential and future uses of nanotechnology as a tool for the prevention and treatment of PJI. Methods: Multiple review articles from the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were reviewed in order to establish the current efficacy of nanotechnology in PJI preventive or therapeutic scenarios. Results: As a prevention tool, anti-biofilm implants equipped with nanoparticles (silver, silk fibroin, poly nanofibers, nanophase selenium) have shown promising antibacterial functionality. As a therapeutic tool, drug-loaded nanomolecules have been created and a wide variety of carrier materials (chitosan, titanium, calcium phosphate) have shown precise drug targeting and efficient control of drug release. Other nanotechnology-based antibiotic carriers (lipid nanoparticles, silica, clay nanotubes), when added to common bone cements, enhanced prolonged drug delivery, making this technology promising for the creation of antibiotic-added cement joint spacers. Conclusion: Although still in its infancy, nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize prevention and treatment protocols of PJI. Nevertheless, extensive basic science and clinical research will be needed to investigate the potential toxicities of nanoparticles.
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Bistolfi A, Giustra F, Bosco F, Sabatini L, Aprato A, Bracco P, Bellare A. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for hip and knee arthroplasty: The present and the future. J Orthop 2021; 25:98-106. [PMID: 33994706 PMCID: PMC8102204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE to review advances and clinical performance of polyethylene in total joint arthroplasty, summing up historical problems and focusing on the latest innovations. METHODS search for medical grade Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight-Polyethylene (UHMWPE); Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library. RESULTS the increasing number of joint arthroplasties and high-activity patients led to progressive developments of bearing surfaces to improve performance and durability. Different strategies such as crosslinking UHMWPE (HXLPE) and the addition of vitamin-E (HXLPE) have been tested to improve wear and oxidation resistance. CONCLUSION Recent innovations about UHMWPE showed improvements either for hip and knee, with the potential of long-term survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bistolfi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, C.T.O. Hospital. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Fortunato Giustra
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, C.T.O. Hospital. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Bosco
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, C.T.O. Hospital. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Sabatini
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, C.T.O. Hospital. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aprato
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, C.T.O. Hospital. AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierangiola Bracco
- Department of Chemistry and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Center, University of Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
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14
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Knee Wear Assessment: 3D Scanners Used as a Consolidated Procedure. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102349. [PMID: 32443746 PMCID: PMC7287903 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that wear occurring in polyethylene menisci is a significant clinical problem. At this regard, wear tests on biomaterials medical devices are performed in order to assess their pre-clinical performance in terms of wear, durability, resistance to fatigue, etc. The objective of this study was to assess the wear of mobile total knee polyethylene inserts after an in vitro wear test. In particular, the wear behavior of mobile bearing polyethylene knee configurations was investigated using a knee joint wear simulator. After the completion of the wear test, the polyethylene mobile menisci were analyzed through a consolidated procedure by using 3D optical scanners, in order to evaluate the 3D wear distribution on the prosthesis surface, wear depths, wear rates, amount of material loss and contact areas. The results in terms of wear rates and wear volumes were compared with results of gravimetric tests, finding equivalent achievements.
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15
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Spece H, Schachtner JT, MacDonald DW, Klein GR, Mont MA, Lee GC, Kurtz SM. Reasons for Revision, Oxidation, and Damage Mechanisms of Retrieved Vitamin E-Stabilized Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene in Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:3088-3093. [PMID: 31416742 PMCID: PMC6864268 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve oxidation resistance, antioxidants such as vitamin-E are added to polyethylene used in the bearing surfaces of orthopedic components. Currently, little is known about the efficacy of this treatment in vivo. This study therefore reports on the reasons for revision, surface damage mechanisms, and oxidation of retrieved vitamin E-stabilized highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) for total knee arthroplasty. METHODS We examined 103 retrieved knee inserts fabricated from vitamin E (VE)-stabilized HXLPE and 67 fabricated from remelted HXLPE as a control. The implantation times were 1.2 ± 1.3 and 1.5 ± 1.3 years for the VE and control cohorts, respectively. The inserts were evaluated for 7 surface damage mechanisms using a semiquantitative scoring method and analyzed for oxidation using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Reasons for revision were also assessed using operative notes created at time of retrieval. RESULTS Both groups were revised primarily for instability, infection, and loosening. Burnishing, pitting, and scratching were the most common damage mechanisms observed, with the VE cohort demonstrating less surface damage than the control. Measured oxidation for the cohort was low, with a median oxidation index of 0.09 ± .05 for the articulating surface, 0.05 ± 0.06 for the backside, 0.08 ± 0.06 for the anterior/posterior surfaces, and 0.08 ± 0.05 for the stabilizing post. As compared to the control cohort, oxidation tended to be less for the VE group at the articulating (P < .001) and backside (P = .003) surfaces, although the median differences were minimal and may not be clinically significant. CONCLUSION The results indicate positive fatigue damage resistance and oxidation resistance for the retrieved VE-stabilized total knee arthroplasty inserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Spece
- Implant Research Center at Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Gregg R. Klein
- Hartzband Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Paramus, NJ
| | | | - Gwo-Chin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven M. Kurtz
- Implant Research Center at Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA,Exponent, Inc, Philadelphia, PA
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17
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The effect of vitamin E-enhanced cross-linked polyethylene on wear in shoulder arthroplasty-a wear simulator study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2019; 28:1771-1778. [PMID: 31029519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wear of the polyethylene glenoid component and subsequent particle-induced osteolysis remains one of the most important modes of failure of total shoulder arthroplasty. Vitamin E is added to polyethylene to act as an antioxidant to stabilize free radicals that exist as a byproduct of irradiation used to induce cross-linking. This study was performed to assess the in vitro performance of vitamin E-enhanced polyethylene compared with conventional polyethylene in a shoulder simulator model. METHODS Vitamin E-enhanced, highly cross-linked glenoid components were compared with conventional ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene glenoids, both articulating with a ceramic humeral head component using a shoulder joint simulator over 500,000 cycles. Unaged and artificially aged comparisons were performed. Volumetric wear was assessed by gravimetric measurement, and wear particle analysis was also subsequently performed. RESULTS Vitamin E-enhanced polyethylene glenoid components were found to have significantly reduced wear rates compared with conventional polyethylene in both unaged (36% reduction) and artificially aged (49% reduction) comparisons. There were no differences detected in wear particle analysis between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION Vitamin E-enhanced polyethylene demonstrates improved wear compared with conventional polyethylene in both unaged and artificially aged comparisons and may have clinically relevant benefits.
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Takemura S, Minoda Y, Sugama R, Ohta Y, Nakamura S, Ueyama H, Nakamura H. Comparison of a vitamin E-infused highly crosslinked polyethylene insert and a conventional polyethylene insert for primary total knee arthroplasty at two years postoperatively. Bone Joint J 2019; 101-B:559-564. [PMID: 31039001 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b5.bjj-2018-1355.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The use of vitamin E-infused highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) in total knee prostheses is controversial. In this paper we have compared the clinical and radiological results between conventional polyethylene and vitamin E-infused HXLPE inserts in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 200 knees (175 patients) that underwent TKA using the same total knee prostheses. In all, 100 knees (77 patients) had a vitamin E-infused HXLPE insert (study group) and 100 knees (98 patients) had a conventional polyethylene insert (control group). There were no significant differences in age, sex, diagnosis, preoperative knee range of movement (ROM), and preoperative Knee Society Score (KSS) between the two groups. Clinical and radiological results were evaluated at two years postoperatively. RESULTS Differences in postoperative ROM and KSS were not statistically significant between the study and control groups. No knee exhibited osteolysis, aseptic loosening, or polyethylene failure. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the incidence of a radiolucent line between the two groups. One patient from the study group required irrigation and debridement, due to deep infection, at six months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Clinical results were comparable between vitamin E-infused HXLPE inserts and conventional polyethylene inserts at two years after TKA, without any significant clinical failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:559-564.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takemura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Minoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Sugama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Ueyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Massaccesi L, Ragone V, Papini N, Goi G, Corsi Romanelli MM, Galliera E. Effects of Vitamin E-Stabilized Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene on Oxidative Stress Response and Osteoimmunological Response in Human Osteoblast. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 31001202 PMCID: PMC6457167 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High Crosslink process was introduced in the development of joint prosthetic devices, in order to decrease the wear rate of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), but it also triggers the formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, which affects the physiological bone remodeling, leading to osteolysis. Vitamin E stabilization of UHMWPE was proposed to provide oxidation resistance without affecting mechanical properties and fatigue strength. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant effect of vitamin E added to UHMWPE on oxidative stress induced osteolysis, focusing in particular on the oxidative stress response in correlation with the production of osteoimmunological markers, Sclerostin and DKK-1, and the RANKL/OPG ratio compared to conventional UHMWPE wear debris. Human osteoblastic cell line SaOS2 were incubated for 96 h with wear particles derived from crosslinked and not crosslinked Vitamin E-stabilized, UHMWPE without Vitamin E, and growth medium as control. Cellular response to oxidative stress, compared to not treat cells, was evaluated in terms of proteins O-GlcNAcylation, cellular levels of OGA, and OGT proteins by immunoblotting. O-GlcNAcylation and its positive regulator OGT levels are increased in the presence of Vitamin E blended UHMWPE, in particular with not crosslinked Vit E stabilized UHMWPE. Conversely, the negative regulator OGA increased in the presence of UHMWPE not blended with Vitamin E. Vitamin E-stabilized UHMWPE induced a decrease of RANKL/OPG ratio compared to UHMWPE without Vitamin E, and the same effect was observed for Sclerostin, while DKK-1 was not significantly affected. In conclusion, Vitamin E stabilization of UHMWPE increased osteoblast response to oxidative stress, inducing a cellular mechanism aimed at cell survival. Vitamin E antioxidant effect influences the secretion of osteoimmunological factors, shifting the bone turnover balance toward bone protection stimuli. This suggests that Vitamin E-Stabilization of UHMWPE could contribute to reduction of oxidation-induced osteolysis and the consequent loosening of the prosthetic devices, therefore improving the longevity of total joint replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Massaccesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Ragone
- Research and Develpoment Department, Permedica S.p.A, Merate, Italy
| | - Nadia Papini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Traslational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Goi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- U.O.C SMEL-1 Patologia Clinica San Donato, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Galliera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Emanuela Galliera
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Galea VP, Connelly JW, Shareghi B, Kärrholm J, Sköldenberg O, Salemyr M, Laursen MB, Muratoglu O, Bragdon C, Malchau H. Evaluation of in vivo wear of vitamin E-diffused highly crosslinked polyethylene at five years. Bone Joint J 2018; 100-B:1592-1599. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.100b12.bjj-2018-0371.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims The primary aim of this study was to compare the wear properties of vitamin E-diffused, highly crosslinked polyethylene (VEPE) and one formulation of moderately crosslinked and mechanically annealed ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (ModXLPE) in patients five years after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). The secondary aim was to assess the clinical results of patients treated with VEPE by evaluating patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), radiological evidence of fixation, and the incidence of mechanical failure. Patients and Methods A total of 208 patients (221 THAs) from four international centres were recruited into a prospective study involving radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and the assessment of clinical outcomes. A total of 193 hips (87%) were reviewed at the five-year follow-up. Of these, 136 (70%) received VEPE (vs ModXLPE) liners and 68 (35%) received ceramic (vs metal) femoral heads. PROMs and radiographs were collected preoperatively and at one, two, and five years postoperatively. In addition, RSA images were collected to measure PE wear postoperatively and at one, two, and five years after surgery. Results We observed similar bedding in one year postoperatively and wear two years postoperatively between the two types of liner. However, there was significantly more penetration of the femoral head in the ModXLPE cohort compared with the VEPE cohort five years postoperatively (p < 0.001). The only variables independently predictive of increased wear were ModXLPE (vs VEPE) liner type (β = 0.22, p = 0.010) and metal (vs ceramic) femoral head (β = 0.21, p = 0.013). There was no association between increased wear and the development of radiolucency (p = 0.866) or PROMs. No patient had evidence of osteolysis. Conclusion Five years postoperatively, patients with VEPE (vs ModXLPE) and ceramic (vs metal) femoral heads had decreased wear. The rates of wear for both liners were very low and have not led to any osteolysis or implant failure due to aseptic loosening.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Galea
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. W. Connelly
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B. Shareghi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J. Kärrholm
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - O. Sköldenberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Salemyr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Division of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. B. Laursen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - O. Muratoglu
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C. Bragdon
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H. Malchau
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Popoola OO, Orozco Villasenor DA, Fryman JC, Mimnaugh K, Rufner A. High cycle in vitro hip wear of and in vivo biological response to vitamin E blended highly crosslinked polyethylene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotri.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Tashjian RZ, Chalmers PN. Future Frontiers in Shoulder Arthroplasty and the Management of Shoulder Osteoarthritis. Clin Sports Med 2018; 37:609-630. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Brazier BG, Mesko JW. Superior rim fracture of a vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) liner leading to total hip arthroplasty revision. Arthroplast Today 2018; 4:287-290. [PMID: 30186906 PMCID: PMC6123179 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report looks at the failure of a vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular liner that fractured at the superior rim of the locking mechanism. This calls to question whether there is a problem with the vitamin E-infused product or a flaw in the design of the liner or possibly a combination of the 2. Although there has been discussion of a possible minimum rim polyethylene thickness, there has not been a minimum thickness established. In addition, in the case of offset liners, indentations which are a part of a locking mechanism can cause the minimum rim dimension to be much less than the specified nominal thickness. This case serves as an interesting observation and contributes to the discussion of rim liner polyethylene thickness and minimum rim thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett G Brazier
- Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, USA
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24
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Affatato S, Zanini F, Carmignato S. Micro X-Ray Computed Tomography Mass Loss Assessment of Different UHMWPE: A Hip Joint Simulator Study on Standard vs. Cross-Linked Polyethylene. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170263. [PMID: 28107468 PMCID: PMC5249200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 60.000 hip arthroplasty are performed every year in Italy. Although Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight-Polyethylene remains the most used material as acetabular cup, wear of this material induces over time in vivo a foreign-body response and consequently osteolysis, pain, and the need of implant revision. Furthermore, oxidative wear of the polyethylene provoke several and severe failures. To solve these problems, highly cross-linked polyethylene and Vitamin-E-stabilized polyethylene were introduced in the last years. In in vitro experiments, various efforts have been made to compare the wear behavior of standard PE and vitamin-E infused liners. In this study we compared the in vitro wear behavior of two different configurations of cross-linked polyethylene (with and without the add of Vitamin E) vs. the standard polyethylene acetabular cups. The aim of the present study was to validate a micro X-ray computed tomography technique to assess the wear of different commercially available, polyethylene’s acetabular cups after wear simulation; in particular, the gravimetric method was used to provide reference wear values. The agreement between the two methods is documented in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Affatato
- Medical Technology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna—Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Filippo Zanini
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza—Italy
| | - Simone Carmignato
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza—Italy
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Grupp TM, Fritz B, Kutzner I, Schilling C, Bergmann G, Schwiesau J. Vitamin E stabilised polyethylene for total knee arthroplasty evaluated under highly demanding activities wear simulation. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:415-422. [PMID: 27789345 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients are getting more active, heavier and younger and structural material fatigue and delamination of tibial inserts becomes more likely in the second decade of good clinical performance it appears desirable to establish advanced pre-clinical test methods better characterizing the longterm clinical material behaviour. The questions of our study were 1) Is it possible to induce subsurface delamination and striated pattern wear on standard polyethylene TKA gliding surfaces? 2) Can we distinguish between γ-inert standard polyethylene (PEstand.30kGy) as clinical reference and vitamin E stabilised materials (PEVit.E30kGy & PEVit.E50kGy)? 3) Is there an influence of the irradiation dose (30vs 50kGy) on oxidation and wear behaviour? Clinical relevant artificial ageing (ASTM F2003; 2weeks) of polyethylene CR fixed TKA inserts and oxidation index measurements were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy prior testing. The oxidation index was calculated in accordance with ISO 5834-4:2005 from the area ratio of the carbonyl peak (between 1650 and 1850cm-1) to the reference peak for polyethylene (1370cm-1). Highly demanding patient activities (HDA) measured in vivo were applied for 5million knee wear cycles in a combination of 40% stairs up, 40% stairs down, 10% level walking, 8% chair raising and 2% deep squatting with up to 100° flexion. After 3.0mc all standard polyethylene gliding surfaces developed noticeable areas of progressive delamination. Cumulative gravimetric wear was 355.9mg for PEstand.30kGy, 28.7mg for PEVit.E30kGy and 26.5mg for PEVit.E50kGy in HDA knee wear simulation. Wear rates were 12.4mg/mc for PEstand.30kGy in the linear portion (0-2mc), 5.6mg/mc for PEVit.E30kGy and 5.3mg/mc for PEVit.E50kGy. In conclusion, artificial ageing of standard polyethylene to an oxidation index of 0.7-0.95 in combination with HDA knee wear simulation, is able to create subsurface delamination, structural material fatigue in vitro, whereas for the vitamin-E-blended materials no evidence of progressive wear, fatigue or delamination was found. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE As total knee arthroplasty patients are getting more active, heavier and younger and structural material fatigue and delamination of polyethylene tibial inserts becomes more likely in the second decade of good clinical performance, it appears desirable to establish advanced pre-clinical test methods better characterizing the longterm clinical material behaviour. Various studies reported in literature attempted to artificially create delamination during in vitro knee wear simulation. We combined artificial ageing to clinically observed oxidation of gamma inert and vitamin E stabilised polyethylene inserts and highly demanding patient activities knee wear simulation based on in vivo load data. With this new method we were able to create clinically relevant subsurface delamination and structural material fatigue on standard polyethylene inserts in vitro.
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26
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Takahashi Y, Tateiwa T, Pezzotti G, Shishido T, Masaoka T, Yamamoto K. Improved Resistance to Neck-Liner Impingement in Second-Generation Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene-The Role of Vitamin E and Crosslinks. J Arthroplasty 2016; 31:2926-2932. [PMID: 27378642 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2016.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation crosslinking of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) results in the reduced tensile strength and fracture toughness as an expense of dramatic increase in the wear resistance. Clinical rim fracture has been reported due to neck-liner impingement on a first-generation highly crosslinked UHMWPE acetabular component. The objective of this study was to investigate whether a second-generation, vitamin E-blended highly crosslinked UHMWPE possesses the improved impingement resistance. METHODS Cyclic impingement testing was performed in a variety of UHMWPE acetabular components (vitamin E free or blended, noncrosslinked or highly crosslinked, and GUR1050 or GUR1020) with the same design specification. The kinematics used to reproduce the neck-liner impingement was a uniaxial fatigue compression in concert with an axial rotational torque. After the test, the geometry and morphological changes were characterized by coordinate measuring machine, scanning electron microscopy, and confocal Raman microspectroscopy. RESULTS A total of 300-kGy irradiated and annealed GUR1050 liner resulted in a significant geometry change and microcracks on the rim surface after the test. However, regardless of the similar level of crosslinking, much less damage was noted in the 300-kGy irradiated GUR1050 liner blended with vitamin E at a concentration of 3000 ppm. On the other hand, vitamin E-blended noncrosslinked GUR1050 exhibited an extensive microscopic fibrillation and folding on the impinged surface. CONCLUSION These results suggest that vitamin E-blending into UHMWPE has compensated the negative effect of toughness decrease induced by radiation crosslinking. We concluded that the coexistence of vitamin E and crosslinks can restrain impingement damage more effectively than either of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bone and Joint Biomaterial Research, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Tateiwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Shishido
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshinori Masaoka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Carpenter SR, Urits I, Murthi AM. Porous metals and alternate bearing surfaces in shoulder arthroplasty. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2016; 9:59-66. [PMID: 26797775 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-016-9319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) provides an effective solution for the treatment of glenohumeral arthritis. However, long-term outcomes have been limited by glenoid component aseptic loosening and polyethylene (PE) wear. Previous attempts to improve glenoid fixation with metal-backed glenoids resulted in inferior results. Newer component designs that contain porous metal allow for biological ingrowth of the prosthesis, potentially improving longevity and overall outcomes. Porous metal can also improve humeral component fixation, obviating the need for cement and simplifying revision surgery. Advances such as highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE), vitamin E-doped HXLPE, and alternate bearing surfaces like ceramics and pyrolytic carbon have proven to provide superior wear characteristics in other joint replacements and may prove beneficial in the shoulder as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Carpenter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 3333 North Calvert Street, Suite 400, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ivan Urits
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 3333 North Calvert Street, Suite 400, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Anand M Murthi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, 3333 North Calvert Street, Suite 400, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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