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Suanno G, Genna VG, Maurizi E, Dieh AA, Griffith M, Ferrari G. Cell therapy in the cornea: The emerging role of microenvironment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101275. [PMID: 38797320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The cornea is an ideal testing field for cell therapies. Its highly ordered structure, where specific cell populations are sequestered in different layers, together with its accessibility, has allowed the development of the first stem cell-based therapy approved by the European Medicine Agency. Today, different techniques have been proposed for autologous and allogeneic limbal and non-limbal cell transplantation. Cell replacement has also been attempted in cases of endothelial cell decompensation as it occurs in Fuchs dystrophy: injection of cultivated allogeneic endothelial cells is now in advanced phases of clinical development. Recently, stromal substitutes have been developed with excellent integration capability and transparency. Finally, cell-derived products, such as exosomes obtained from different sources, have been investigated for the treatment of severe corneal diseases with encouraging results. Optimization of the success rate of cell therapies obviously requires high-quality cultured cells/products, but the role of the surrounding microenvironment is equally important to allow engraftment of transplanted cells, to preserve their functions and, ultimately, lead to restoration of tissue integrity and transparency of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ''S. Ferrari'', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anas Abu Dieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Samelska K, Kupis M, Szymanek K, Izdebska J, Zaleska-Żmijewska A, Skopiński P. The immunology of corneal limbal stem cells: the up-to-date approach to stem cell transplantation. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48:245-250. [PMID: 37901870 PMCID: PMC10604637 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.132033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem cells (LSC, LESC) are multipotent cells used as regenerative treatment of the cornea in patients with limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency (LSCD, LESCD). There are different types of stem cell grafting including cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CET) and simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET). The outcomes of the techniques have been assessed as similar, with differences in the sample size required during the procedures. The most important culture components for stem cell cultivation include 3T3 murine fibroblasts, human amniotic membrane (HAM), fibrin gel, and culture medium. The culture medium may be enriched with serum or not; however, xenobiotic-free materials are preferred because of the low risk of pathogen transmission. Multiple studies have defined molecules important for maintaining the function of LSC including C/EBP δ, Bmi-1, p63 α, interleukins (IL-6), epithelial structural proteins - keratins, and antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The cell phenotype of LSC has been described with factors of transplantation success rate such as a high percentage of p63 positive cells. The article emphasizes the role of recipient tissue preparation, modern cultivation techniques and pathophysiological processes in LSC transplantation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Samelska
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Laser Eye Microsurgery Centre, Clinic of Prof. Jerzy Szaflik, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kupis
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Laser Eye Microsurgery Centre, Clinic of Prof. Jerzy Szaflik, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szymanek
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- ACL Vision Ophthalmologists – Specialized Ophthalmic Ambulatory, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Izdebska
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Laser Eye Microsurgery Centre, Clinic of Prof. Jerzy Szaflik, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zaleska-Żmijewska
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
- Laser Eye Microsurgery Centre, Clinic of Prof. Jerzy Szaflik, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Skopiński
- SPKSO Ophthalmic University Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Yu M, Chen J, Wang L, Huang Y, Xie H, Bian Y, Chen F. Engineering pedicled vascularized bladder tissue for functional bladder defect repair. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10440. [PMID: 37693061 PMCID: PMC10487332 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An engineered bladder construct that mimics the structural and functional characteristics of native bladder is a promising therapeutic option for bladder substitution. We previously showed that pedicled vascularized smooth muscle tissue fabricated by grafting smooth muscle cell (SMC) sheets onto an axial capsule vascular bed had the potential for reliable bladder reconstruction. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of buccal mucosa graft (BMG) integration with the pedicled vascularized smooth muscle tissue to generate a full-layer pedicled vascularized bladder construct. BMG transplanted onto vascularized smooth muscle tissue showed good survival and developed into a pedicled vascularized bladder construct with full-layer structures, appropriate thickness, abundant vascularization, and effective barrier function. Then the full-thickness bladder defects were, respectively, reconstructed by pedicled capsule tissue (pedicled capsule group), nonpedicled vascularized bladder construct (nonpedicled construct group), and pedicled vascularized bladder construct (pedicled construct group). The picrosirius red (PSR) staining and immunohistochemistry results showed minimal fibrosis, maximal smooth muscle proportion, and high vascular density in the pedicled construct group. A continuous mucosal layer was observed only in the pedicled construct group. Moreover, morphological and functional studies revealed better bladder compliance and good ductility in the pedicled construct group. Overall, these results suggested that the BMG could be well integrated with vascularized smooth muscle tissue and generated a pedicled, fully vascularized, and structurally organized bladder construct, which facilitated structural remodeling and functional recovery and could become an alternative to bladder reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yu
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Jiasheng Chen
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
| | - Yichen Huang
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Bian
- Department of Ultrasound in MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of UrologyShanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of UrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Eastern Urological Reconstruction and Repair InstituteShanghaiChina
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Gao J, Ding L, Xin Y, Li Y, He K, Su M, Hu R. Pax6-induced proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into limbal epithelial stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2023. [PMID: 37097204 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal integrity, transparency, and visual acuity are maintained by corneal epithelial cells (CECs), which are continuously renewed by limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). The limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is associated with ocular diseases. This study aimed to develop a novel method to differentiate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) into LESC-like cells using a culture medium and paired box 6 (Pax6) transfection. The LESC-like cells were confirmed using the LESC markers CK14 and p63 and CEC marker CK12. Pax6 induces BM-MSCs to differentiate into LESC-like cells in vitro. Mouse models of chemical corneal burn were obtained and treated with the LESC-like cells. The transplantation experiment indicated that Pax6-reprogramed BM-MSCs attached to and replenished the damaged cornea via the formation of stratified corneal epithelium. The proliferation and colony formation abilities of Pax6-overexpressing BM-MSCs were significantly enhanced. These findings provide evidence that BM-MSCs might serve as an excellent candidate for generating bioengineered corneal epithelium and provide a new strategy for the treatment of clinical corneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Ling Ding
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Ying Xin
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Yuandi Li
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Keke He
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Min Su
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, China, 550004;
| | - Rong Hu
- Guizhou Medical University, 74628, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
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Human Umbilical Cord Lining-Derived Epithelial Cells: A Potential Source of Non-Native Epithelial Cells That Accelerate Healing in a Porcine Cutaneous Wound Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168918. [PMID: 36012184 PMCID: PMC9408523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells [CLECs) are naïve in nature and can be ethically recovered from cords that are routinely discarded. The success of using oral mucosal epithelial cells for cornea defects hints at the feasibility of treating cutaneous wounds using non-native CLECs. Herein, we characterized CLECs using flow cytometry (FC) and skin organotypic cultures in direct comparison with skin keratinocytes (KCs). This was followed by wound healing study to compare the effects of CLEC application and the traditional use of human skin allografts (HSGs) in a porcine wound model. While CLECs were found to express all the epidermal cell markers probed, the major difference between CLECs and KCs lies in the level of expression (in FC analysis) as well as in the location of expression (of the epithelium in organotypic cultures) of some of the basal cell markers probed. On the pig wounds, CLEC application promoted accelerated healing with no adverse reaction compared to HSG use. Though CLECs, like HSGs, elicited high levels of local and systemic immune responses in the animals during the first week, these effects were tapered off more quickly in the CLEC-treated group. Overall, the in vivo porcine data point to the potential of CLECs as a non-native and safe source of cells to treat cutaneous wounds.
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Zhurenkov KE, Alexander-Sinkler EI, Gavrilyik IO, Yartseva NM, Aleksandrova SA, Mashel TV, Khorolskaya JI, Blinova MI, Kulikov AN, Churashov SV, Chernysh VF, Mikhailova NA. Labial Mucosa Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Their Potential for Corneal Epithelial Reconstruction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:16. [PMID: 35848889 PMCID: PMC9308017 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.8.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize labial mucosa stem cells (LMSCs) and to investigate their potential for corneal epithelial reconstruction in a rabbit model of total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Methods Rabbit LMSCs (rLMSCs) and human (hLMSCs) LMSCs were derived from labial mucosa and characterized in terms of their proliferation activity by the evaluation of proliferation index (PI) and colony forming efficiency (CFE), cell senescence, and differentiation abilities. The expression of various limbus-specific, stem cell-specific, and epithelial markers was assessed via immunocytochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate mesenchymal and hematopoietic cell surface markers expression. Chromosomal stability of the derived cells was examined using the conventional GTG-banding technique. To assess the impact of LMSCs on corneal epithelial reconstruction, rLMSCs were seeded onto a decellularized human amniotic membrane (dHAM), thereafter their regeneration potential was examined in the rabbit model of total LSCD. Results Both rLMSCs and hLMSCs showed high proliferation and differentiation abilities, entered senescence at later passages, and expressed different stem cell-specific (ABCB5, ALDH3A1, ABCG2, and p63α), mesenchymal (vimentin), and epithelial (CK3/12, CK15) markers. Cell surface antigen expression was similar to other described mesenchymal stem cells. No clonal structural chromosome abnormalities (CSCAs) and the low percentage of non-clonal structural chromosome abnormalities (NSCAs) were observed. Transplantation of rLMSCs promoted corneal epithelial reconstruction and enhanced corneal transparency. Conclusions LMSCs have significant proliferation and differentiation abilities, display no detrimental chromosome aberrations, and demonstrate considerable potential for corneal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill E Zhurenkov
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Cytology and Histology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Natalia M Yartseva
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana V Mashel
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Miralda I Blinova
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia
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SOX2 Is a Univocal Marker for Human Oral Mucosa Epithelium Useful in Post-COMET Patient Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105785. [PMID: 35628593 PMCID: PMC9144017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Total bilateral Limbal Stem Cells Deficiency is a pathologic condition of the ocular surface due to loss or impairment of corneal stem cell function, altering homeostasis of the corneal epithelium. Cultivated Oral Mucosa Epithelial Transplantation (COMET) is the only autologous treatment for this pathology. During the follow-up, a proper characterization of the transplanted oral mucosa on the ocular surface supports understanding the regenerative process. The previously proposed markers for oral mucosa identification (e.g., keratins 3 and 13) are co-expressed by corneal and conjunctival epithelia. Here, we propose a new specific marker to distinguish human oral mucosa from the epithelia of the ocular surface. We compared the transcriptome of holoclones (stem cells) from the human oral mucosa, limbal and conjunctival cultures by microarray assay. High expression of SOX2 identified the oral mucosa vs. cornea and conjunctiva, while PAX6 was highly expressed in corneal and conjunctival epithelia. The transcripts were validated by qPCR, and immunological methods identified the related proteins. Finally, the proposed markers were used to analyze a 10-year follow-up aniridic patient treated by COMET. These findings will support the follow-up analysis of COMET treated patients and help to shed light on the mechanism of corneal repair and regeneration.
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Zhu H, Wang W, Tan Y, Su G, Xu L, Jiang ML, Li S, Meir YJJ, Wang Y, Li G, Zhou H. Limbal Niche Cells and Three-Dimensional Matrigel-Induced Dedifferentiation of Mature Corneal Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:1. [PMID: 35499835 PMCID: PMC9078055 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the phenotypic changes of mature corneal epithelial cells (MCECs) that cocultured with limbal niche cells (LNCs) in three-dimensional Matrigel (3D Matrigel) in vitro. Methods MCECs were isolated from central corneas, and limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) were isolated from limbal segments with Dispase II. LNCs were isolated and cultured from limbal niche using the collagenase A digestion method and identified with PCK/VIM/CD90/CD105/SCF/PDGFRβ. MCECs were cultured on 3D Matrigel (50%, v/v) with or without LNCs for 10 days. Expression of CK12 and p63α and clone formation test were used to compare the progenitor phenotypic changes for MCECs before and after induction using LEPCs as control. Results Homogeneous LNCs were isolated and identified as spindle shape and adherent to a plastic surface coated with 5% Matrigel. Double immunostaining of the fourth-passage LNCs was uniformly PCK−/VIM+/CD90+/CD105+/SCF+/PDGFRβ+. Reverse transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed the decrease of PCK expression from the second passage and elevation of Vim, CD90, CD105, SCF, and PDGFRβ transcripts from the third passage, and the transcription level of Vim, CD90, CD105, SCF, and PDGFRβ was elevated statistically in the fourth passage compared to the first passage (P < 0.01). Both immunofluorescence (IF) staining for cross section and cytospin cells demonstrated that MCECs expressed higher CK12 while lower p63α than LEPCs (P < 0.01). Sphere growth formation was noticed as early as 24 hours in the MCEC + LNC group, 48 hours in the LEPC group, and 72 hours in the MCEC group. The diameters of the spheres were the biggest in the MCEC + LNC group (182.24 ± 57.91 µm), smaller in the LEPC group (125.71 ± 41.20 µm), and smallest in the MCEC group (109.39 ± 34.85 µm) by the end of the 10-day culture (P < 0.01). Double immunostaining with CK12/p63α showed that cells in the sphere formed from MCECs expressed CK12 but not p63α; in contrast, some cells in the MCEC + LNC group expressed CK12, but most of them expressed p63α. RT-qPCR revealed a significant reduction of CK12 transcript but elevation of p63α, Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and SSEA4 (P < 0.05). Holoclone composed of cubic epithelial cells could be generated in the MCEC + LNC group but not in the other two groups. Conclusions The data shows that human MCEC cell phenotype could be induced to the dedifferentiation stage when cocultured with LNCs in 3D Matrigel that simulated the microenvironment of limbal stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongyao Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guanyu Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lingjuan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meng Lin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guigang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Nguyen HT, Theerakittayakorn K, Somredngan S, Ngernsoungnern A, Ngernsoungnern P, Sritangos P, Ketudat-Cairns M, Imsoonthornruksa S, Assawachananont J, Keeratibharat N, Wongsan R, Rungsiwiwut R, Laowtammathron C, Bui NX, Parnpai R. Signaling Pathways Impact on Induction of Corneal Epithelial-like Cells Derived from Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063078. [PMID: 35328499 PMCID: PMC8949174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal epithelium, the outmost layer of the cornea, comprises corneal epithelial cells (CECs) that are continuously renewed by limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). Loss or dysfunction of LESCs causes limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) which results in corneal epithelial integrity loss and visual impairment. To regenerate the ocular surface, transplantation of stem cell-derived CECs is necessary. Human Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are a good candidate for cellular therapies in allogeneic transplantation. This study aimed to test the effects of treatments on three signaling pathways involved in CEC differentiation as well as examine the optimal protocol for inducing corneal epithelial differentiation of human WJ-MSCs. All-trans retinoic acid (RA, 5 or 10 µM) inhibited the Wnt signaling pathway via suppressing the translocation of β-catenin from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. SB505124 downregulated the TGF-β signaling pathway via reducing phosphorylation of Smad2. BMP4 did not increase phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 that is involved in BMP signaling. The combination of RA, SB505124, BMP4, and EGF for the first 3 days of differentiation followed by supplementing hormonal epidermal medium for an additional 6 days could generate corneal epithelial-like cells that expressed a CEC specific marker CK12. This study reveals that WJ-MSCs have the potential to transdifferentiate into CECs which would be beneficial for further applications in LSCD treatment therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Thi Nguyen
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (H.T.N.); (K.T.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Embryo Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Kasem Theerakittayakorn
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (H.T.N.); (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Sirilak Somredngan
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (H.T.N.); (K.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Apichart Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (A.N.); (P.N.); (P.S.)
| | - Piyada Ngernsoungnern
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (A.N.); (P.N.); (P.S.)
| | - Pishyaporn Sritangos
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (A.N.); (P.N.); (P.S.)
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (M.K.-C.); (S.I.)
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (M.K.-C.); (S.I.)
| | - Juthaporn Assawachananont
- School of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Nattawut Keeratibharat
- School of Surgery, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Rangsirat Wongsan
- The Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand;
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10000, Thailand;
| | - Chuti Laowtammathron
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10000, Thailand;
| | | | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (H.T.N.); (K.T.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-442-242-34
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10
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Buhl M, Kloskowski T, Jundzill A, Szeliski K, Rasmus M, Dąbrowski P, Siedlecka N, Drewa T, Pokrywczynska M. Increased Expression of p63 Protein and Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Molecule in Buccal Epithelial Holoclones. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1037-1048. [PMID: 34486385 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of many tissues and organs de novo requires the use of external epithelial cell sources. In the present study, we optimized the isolation, expansion, and characterization of porcine oral epithelial cells from buccal tissue (Buccal Epithelial Cells, BECs). Additionally, we tested whether key markers [cytokeratin 14 (ck14), p63 protein, and sonic hedgehog molecule (shh)] expression profiles are correlated with three buccal epithelial clone types. Two digestion methods of BECs isolation [Method 1, M1 (collagenase IV/dispase and accutase) and Method 2, M2 (collagenase IV/dispase and trypsin/EDTA)] were compared. Cells obtained by more effective method were further cultured to the third passage and analyzed. Holoclone-, meroclone-, and paraclone-like colonies were identified based on BEC morphology. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to compare selected markers for the indicated buccal clone types. Comparative analysis demonstrated the advantage of isolation using M1 over M2. Cells from the third passage exhibited average 92.73% ± 2.27% presence of ck14. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed expression of tested genes [cytokeratin 8 (ck8), ck14, integrin β1, and p63]. The highest level of ck14, shh and p63, was observed for holoclones. The comparable ck14 expression was observed in the mero- and paraclones. Meroclones expressed significantly lower levels of shh compared with paraclones. The weakest p63 expression was observed in the paraclone-like cells. It was demonstrated that holoclones are the richest in shh (+) and p63 (+) stem cells and these cells should appear to be a promising alternative for obtaining epithelial cells for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Buhl
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kloskowski
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jundzill
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Esthetic Surgery, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamil Szeliski
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Rasmus
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paweł Dąbrowski
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siedlecka
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Pokrywczynska
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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11
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cG-CAOMECS-clinical-grade cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:47-57. [PMID: 34302219 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the feasibility and successful production of rabbit cG-CAOMECS, designed to reconstruct corneal epithelium of patients with bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. To produce a safe, chemically defined and FDA compliant cG-CAOMECS, oral mucosal epithelial cells were isolated from a biopsy of rabbit buccal tissue and seeded on a cGMP-certified cell culture surface coated with GMP-grade extracellular matrix. A newly designed clinical-grade medium (KaFa™ medium) was utilized to carry out cell expansion. Detachment and harvesting of the produced cell sheet was accomplished using collagenase treatment. Live cell imaging and morphological analysis techniques were used to examine cell growth. Cells attached onto the surface and self-assembled into colony-forming units (CFUs). Microscopic examination showed that CFUs formed during the first 5 days, and basal monolayer cell sheet formed in less than 10 days. Cells expanded to form a multilayered epithelial cell sheet that was harvested after 17-19 days in culture. Immunostaining and Western blot analyses showed that deltaNp63 was expressed in the basal cells and K3/K12 was expressed in the apical cells, indicating the presence of corneal epithelial-like cells in the produced cell sheet. Adhesion molecules, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and Cnx43 were also expressed and exhibited the epithelial integrity of the cell sheet. The expression of integrin-beta1 and beta4 confirmed that the collagenase treatment used for detaching and harvesting the cell sheet did not have adverse effects. Our results showed that the utilization of clinical-grade and FDA-approved reagents successfully supported the production of cG-CAMECS.
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12
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Can Human Oral Mucosa Stem Cells Differentiate to Corneal Epithelia? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115976. [PMID: 34205905 PMCID: PMC8198937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSCs) arise from the neural crest, they can self-renew, proliferate, and differentiate to several cell lines and could represent a good source for application in tissue engineering. Because of their anatomical location, hOMSCs are easy to isolate, have multilineage differentiation capacity and express embryonic stem cells markers such as—Sox2, Oct3/4 and Nanog. We have used SHEM (supplemented hormonal epithelial medium) media and cultured hOMSCs over human amniotic membrane and determined the cell’s capacity to differentiate to an epithelial-like phenotype and to express corneal specific epithelial markers—CK3, CK12, CK19, Pan-cadherin and E-cadherin. Our results showed that hOMSCs possess the capacity to attach to the amniotic membrane and express CK3, CK19, Pan-Cadherin and E-Cadherin without induction with SHEM media and expressed CK12 or changed the expression pattern of E-Cadherin to a punctual-like feature when treated with SHEM media. The results observed in this study show that hOMSCs possess the potential to differentiate toward epithelial cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that hOMSCs readily express markers for corneal determination and could provide the ophthalmology field with a therapeutic alternative for tissue engineering to achieve corneal replacement when compared with other techniques. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to develop a predictable therapeutic alternative for cornea replacement.
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Maurizi E, Adamo D, Magrelli FM, Galaverni G, Attico E, Merra A, Maffezzoni MBR, Losi L, Genna VG, Sceberras V, Pellegrini G. Regenerative Medicine of Epithelia: Lessons From the Past and Future Goals. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:652214. [PMID: 33842447 PMCID: PMC8026866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.652214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores examples of successful and unsuccessful regenerative medicine on human epithelia. To evaluate the applications of the first regenerated tissues, the analysis of the past successes and failures addresses some pending issues and lay the groundwork for developing new therapies. Research should still be encouraged to fill the gap between pathologies, clinical applications and what regenerative medicine can attain with current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Adamo
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Galaverni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eustachio Attico
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Graziella Pellegrini
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine “Stefano Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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14
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Asadi M, Khalili M, Lotfi H, Vaghefi Moghaddam S, Zarghami N, André H, Alizadeh E. Liver bioengineering: Recent trends/advances in decellularization and cell sheet technologies towards translation into the clinic. Life Sci 2021; 276:119373. [PMID: 33744324 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel technologies provides the best tissue constructs engineering and maximizes their therapeutic effects in regenerative therapy, especially for liver dysfunctions. Among the currently investigated approaches of tissue engineering, scaffold-based and scaffold-free tissues are widely suggested for liver regeneration. Analogs of liver acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) are utilized in native scaffolds to increase the self-repair and healing ability of organs. Native ECM analog could improve liver repairing through providing the supportive framework for cells and signaling molecules, exerting normal biomechanical, biochemical, and physiological signal complexes. Recently, innovative cell sheet technology is introduced as an alternative for conventional tissue engineering with the advantage of fewer scaffold restrictions and cell culture on a Thermo-Responsive Polymer Surface. These sheets release the layered cells through a temperature-controlled procedure without enzymatic digestion, while preserving the cell-ECM contacts and adhesive molecules on cell-cell junctions. In addition, several novelties have been introduced into the cell sheet and decellularization technologies to aid cell growth, instruct differentiation/angiogenesis, and promote cell migration. In this review, recent trends, advancements, and issues linked to translation into clinical practice are dissected and compared regarding the decellularization and cell sheet technologies for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajie Lotfi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institute, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Attico E, Galaverni G, Pellegrini G. Clinical Studies of COMET for Total LSCD: a Review of the Methods and Molecular Markers for Follow-Up Characterizations. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-020-00263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Xiao YT, Xie HT, Liu X, Duan CY, Qu JY, Zhang MC, Zhao XY. Subconjunctival Injection of Transdifferentiated Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Rats. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 69:177-190. [PMID: 33345682 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420980071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat limbal niche cells (LNCs) have been proven to induce transdifferentiation of oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECs) into corneal epithelial-like cells termed transdifferentiated oral mucosal epithelial cells (T-OMECs). This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of subconjunctival T-OMEC injections on alkali-induced limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) in rats. LNCs were cocultured with OMECs in the Transwell system to obtain T-OMECs, with NIH-3T3 cells serving as a control. Subconjunctival injection of single T-OMEC or OMEC suspension was performed immediately after corneal alkali injury. T-OMECs were prelabeled with the fluorescent dye CM-DiI in vitro and tracked in vivo. Corneal epithelial defect, opacity, and neovascularization were quantitatively analyzed. The degree of corneal epithelial defect (from day 1 onward), opacity (from day 5 onward), and neovascularization (from day 2 onward) was significantly less in the T-OMEC group than in the OMEC group. Cytokeratin 12 (CK12), pigment epithelium-derived factor, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 were expressed at a higher rate following T-OMEC injection. Some CM-DiI-labeled cells were found to be coexpressed with CK12, Pax6, and ΔNp63α in the corneal epithelium after subconjunctival injection. Subconjunctival injection of T-OMECs prevents conjunctival invasion and maintains a normal corneal phenotype, which might be a novel strategy in the treatment of LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Tao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao-Ye Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Yu Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Chang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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A new standardized immunofluorescence method for potency quantification (SMPQ) of human conjunctival cell cultures. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:145-159. [PMID: 33051810 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to set up a standardized and reproducible method to determine the potency (= stem cell content) of human conjunctival cell cultures by means of immunofluorescence-based analyses. This will help the development of new Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) to use in future cell therapy clinical studies when fewer cells are available to perform the quality controls. To achieve this purpose, a reference standard was investigated and the expression levels of ΔNp63α (considered as a marker of conjunctival stem cells) was correlated to cell size. The limbal hTERT cells were used as reference standard to define the expression value of ΔNp63α. The mean intensity value of limbal hTERT cells ranging between 15 and 20 µm in diameter was used to distinguish between ΔNp63α bright and not bright cells. As ΔNp63α bright expression was mainly seen in the smaller cell size group (10-15 µm), we defined as conjunctival stem cells (= potency) those cells which were bright and with sizes between 10 and 15 µm. Assays on cells from clonal analyses were used to validate the method, as they do allow to observe a decrease in potency (Holoclones > Meroclones > Paraclones). The stem cell content of conjunctival grafts was found to be 11.3% ± 5.0 compared to 21.9% ± 0.6, 9.0% ± 8.1 and 0% from Holoclones, Meroclones and Paraclones, respectively. This new method, here named as Standardized Method for Potency Quantification, will allow to detect the potency in conjunctival cell cultures, thus obtaining a quality control assay responding to the GMP standards required for ATMP release.
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18
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Ekpo P, Inthasin N, Matamnan S, Wongprompitak P, Wattanapanitch M, Boonwong C, Chirapapaisan C, Ngowyutagon P, Uiprasertkul M, Prabhasawat P, Tantibhedhyangkul W. Characterization of limbal explant sites: Optimization of stem cell outgrowth in in vitro culture. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233075. [PMID: 32407348 PMCID: PMC7224544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) and cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) are proven techniques for treating limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). However, the precise regions that are most suitable for preparing explants for transplantation have not been identified conclusively. Accordingly, this in vitro study aimed at determining ideal sites to be selected for tissue harvest for limbal stem cell culture and transplantation. We evaluated cell outgrowth potential and the expression of stem cell markers in cultures from 48 limbal explants from five cadaveric donors. The limbal explants were generated from the three specific sites: Lcor (located innermost and adjacent to the cornea), Lm (middle limbus), and Lconj (located outermost adjacent to the conjunctiva). We found that explants from the Lconj and Lm sites exhibited higher growth potential than those from the Lcor site. Transcript encoding the stem cell marker and p63 isoform, ΔNp63, was detected in cells from Lm and Lconj explants; expression levels were slightly, though significantly (p-value < 0.05), higher in Lm than in Lconj, although expression of ΔNp63α protein was similar in cells from all explants. Differential expression of ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2 (ABCG2) did not reach statistical significance. Immunohistochemistry by indirect immunofluorescence analysis of limbus tissue revealed that the basal layer in explant tissue from Lconj and Lm contained markedly more stem cells than found in Lcor explant tissue; these findings correlate with a higher capacity for growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that explants from the Lconj and Lm sites should be selected for limbal cell expansion for both CLET and SLET procedures. These new insights may guide surgeons toward specific limbal sites that are most suitable for stem cell culture and transplantation and may ultimately improve treatment outcomes in the patients with LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattama Ekpo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (PE); (WT)
| | - Naharuthai Inthasin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sutthicha Matamnan
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patimaporn Wongprompitak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Methichit Wattanapanitch
- Research Department, Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine (SiCRM), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chawikan Boonwong
- Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chareenun Chirapapaisan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panotsom Ngowyutagon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mongkol Uiprasertkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pinnita Prabhasawat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiwit Tantibhedhyangkul
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (PE); (WT)
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19
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Clinical Trials of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Treated with Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020411. [PMID: 31936462 PMCID: PMC7014181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal surface is an essential organ necessary for vision, and its clarity must be maintained. The corneal epithelium is renewed by limbal stem cells, located in the limbus and in palisades of Vogt. Palisades of Vogt maintain the clearness of the corneal epithelium by blocking the growth of conjunctival epithelium and the invasion of blood vessels over the cornea. The limbal region can be damaged by chemical burns, physical damage (e.g., by contact lenses), congenital disease, chronic inflammation, or limbal surgeries. The degree of limbus damage is associated with the degree of limbal stem cells deficiency (partial or total). For a long time, the only treatment to restore vision was grafting part of the healthy cornea from the other eye of the patient or by transplanting a cornea from cadavers. The regenerative medicine and stem cell therapies have been applied to restore normal vision using different methodologies. The source of stem cells varies from embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, to induced pluripotent stem cells. This review focuses on the use of oral mucosa epithelial stem cells and their use in engineering cell sheets to treat limbal stem cell deficient patients.
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20
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Simple oral mucosal epithelial transplantation in a rabbit model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18088. [PMID: 31792300 PMCID: PMC6889162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated a rabbit model of autologous simple oral mucosal epithelium transplantation (SOMET) for limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). LSCD was created in the SOMET group and the Control group. In the SOMET group, oral mucosa harvested from the buccal region was treated with dispase, cut into small pieces, and placed on the exposed corneal stroma without using graft sutures, amniotic membrane, and/or glue. A soft contact lens was positioned and tarsorrhaphy was performed in both groups. Postoperative corneal neovascularization and fluorescein staining scores were evaluated by slit lamp microscopy in both groups. At 2 weeks postoperatively, eyes were excised and subjected to immunohistochemical staining for CK3, CK13, CK15, and p63. In the SOMET group, transplantation of oral mucosa led to complete recovery of LSCD, as indicated by low neovascularization scores, low fluorescein staining scores, and detection of stratified K3/K13-positive cells on the stroma at 2 weeks after surgery. In contrast, corneal epithelial defects persisted in the Control group at 2 weeks. SOMET achieved re-epithelialization of the corneal surface in this rabbit LSCD model. It is a simple technique that does not require culture and could be a promising option for ocular surface reconstruction in bilateral LSCD.
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21
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Sun H, Lu J, Li B, Chen S, Xiao X, Wang J, Wang J, Wang X. Partial regeneration of uterine horns in rats through adipose-derived stem cell sheets. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:1057-1069. [PMID: 29931041 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe uterine damage and infection lead to intrauterine adhesions, which result in hypomenorrhea, amenorrhea and infertility. Cell sheet engineering has shown great promise in clinical applications. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are emerging as an alternative source of stem cells for cell-based therapies. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of applying ADSCs as seed cells to form scaffold-free cell sheet. Data showed that ADSC sheets expressed higher levels of FGF, Col I, TGFβ, and VEGF than ADSCs in suspension, while increased expression of this gene set was associated with stemness, including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. We then investigated the therapeutic effects of 3D ADSCs sheet on regeneration in a rat model. We found that ADSCs were mainly detected in the basal layer of the regenerating endometrium in the cell sheet group at 21 days after transplantation. Additionally, some ADSCs differentiated into stromal-like cells. Moreover, ADSC sheets transplanted into partially excised uteri promoted regeneration of the endometrium cells, muscle cells and stimulated angiogenesis, and also resulted in better pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, ADSC sheet therapy shows considerable promise as a new treatment for severe uterine damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Shuqiang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Xifeng Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 569 Xinsi Rd., Xian 710038, China
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Oliva J, Florentino A, Bardag-Gorce F, Niihara Y. Vitrification and storage of oral mucosa epithelial cell sheets. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1153-1163. [PMID: 30964962 PMCID: PMC6767061 DOI: 10.1002/term.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Shipping time and shipping delays might affect the quality of the stem cells based engineered "organs." In our laboratory, we have developed a limbal stem cell deficient (LSCD) rabbit model. To reverse the LSCD, we cultured oral mucosal epithelial cells for 2-3 weeks and engineered cultured autologous oral mucosa epithelial cell sheets (CAOMECS), which were grafted on the LSCD cornea. The purpose of this study was to vitrify CAOMECS and to store it until the CAOMECS can be grafted onto patients. CAOMECS were vitrified in LN2 for up to 204 days. We tested two different methods of vitrification with different solutions; however, CAOMECS were only viable when they were not stored in a vitrification solution; results were only reported from this CAOMECS. On the basis of hematoxylin and eosin staining, we showed that the CAOMECS morphology was well preserved after long-term storage in LN2 . Most of the preservation solutions maintained the CAOMECS phenotype (Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Beta-Catenin, ZO-1, E-Cadherin, CK3, CK4, CK13). The exception was the solution composed with ethylene glycol and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): this resulted in loss of DeltaN-p63 expression. DeltaN-p63 is an important marker for cell proliferation. The expression of proteins involved in cell-cell connection and the differentiation markers were maintained. Apoptosis was not detected in the thawed CAOMECS. We demonstrated that CAOMECS can be stored long-term in LN2 without affecting their morphology and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Oliva
- Department of Research & Development, Emmaus Medical, Inc., Torrance, CA.,Department of Medicine, LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Arjie Florentino
- Department of Medicine, LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Fawzia Bardag-Gorce
- Department of Medicine, LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Yutaka Niihara
- Department of Research & Development, Emmaus Medical, Inc., Torrance, CA.,Department of Medicine, LA BioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
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23
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Comparative gene expression profiling reveals key pathways and genes different in skin epidermal stem cells and corneal epithelial cells. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:679-688. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yazdani M, Shahdadfar A, Jackson CJ, Utheim TP. Hyaluronan-Based Hydrogel Scaffolds for Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:E245. [PMID: 30875861 PMCID: PMC6468750 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), also termed hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate, is a major component of the extracellular matrix. This non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan plays a key role in cell proliferation, growth, survival, polarization, and differentiation. The diverse biological roles of HA are linked to the combination of HA's physicochemical properties and HA-binding proteins. These unique characteristics have encouraged the application of HA-based hydrogel scaffolds for stem cell-based therapy, a successful method in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). This condition occurs following direct damage to limbal stem cells and/or changes in the limbal stem cell niche microenvironment due to intrinsic and extrinsic insults. This paper reviews the physical properties, synthesis, and degradation of HA. In addition, the interaction of HA with other extracellular matrix (ECM) components and receptor proteins are discussed. Finally, studies employing HA-based hydrogel scaffolds in the treatment of LSCD are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aboulghassem Shahdadfar
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Catherine Joan Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 3019 Drammen, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, 4604 Arendal, Norway.
- National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of South Eastern Norway, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
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Hong S, Sunwoo JH, Kim JS, Tchah H, Hwang C. Conjugation of carboxymethyl cellulose and dopamine for cell sheet harvesting. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:139-148. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00971f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript focuses on the cell sheet preparation methodology with the conjugation of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and dopamine (DA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hong
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences
- Asan Medical Center
- Seoul 05505
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hey Sunwoo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences
- Asan Medical Center
- Seoul 05505
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences
- Asan Medical Center
- Seoul 05505
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hungwon Tchah
- Department of Convergence Medicine
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine & Asan Institute for Life Sciences
- Asan Medical Center
- Seoul 05505
- Republic of Korea
| | - Changmo Hwang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences
- Asan Medical Center
- Seoul 05505
- Republic of Korea
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Zhao XY, Xie HT, Duan CY, Li J, Zhang MC. Rat limbal niche cells can induce transdifferentiation of oral mucosal epithelial cells into corneal epithelial-like cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:256. [PMID: 30257715 PMCID: PMC6158850 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cultivated oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMECs) are widely used in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) for their ocular reconstruction capability. As the most important component of the limbal microenvironment, limbal niche cells (LNCs) play a key role in the direction of stem cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether LNCs can induce the transdifferentiation of rat OMECs to corneal epithelial-like cells. METHODS We isolated OMECs and LNCs from rats by dispase and collagenase, respectively, to establish a three-dimensional or Transwell coculturing system. NIH-3T3 cells and renewed LNCs were also used as feeder layers in the Transwell system to compare their ability to support the OMECs. The airlift method was used for the culture of OMECs to obtain a stratified epithelial sheet. Cocultured OMECs were characterized by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The cocultured OMECs showed corneal epithelial-like morphology and expressed the corneal epithelial markers CK12 and Pax6 in most cocultured systems. Furthermore, we found that the expression level of CK12, Pax6, and proliferation marker Ki67 was upregulated when compared with that of other groups by renewing the LNCs in the Transwell system (p < 0.05, n = 3), suggesting that this might be a potential method for improving the efficiency of transdifferentiation. The obtained stratified epithelial sheet expressed CK3 and CK12. CONCLUSION Through coculturing OMECs and LNCs in vitro, we successfully cultivated corneal epithelial-like OMECs. This investigation is of great significance for the treatment of LSCD and ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hua-Tao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chao-Ye Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ming-Chang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Guo Y, Ma X, Wu W, Shi M, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhao E, Yang X. Coordinated microRNA/mRNA expression profiles reveal a putative mechanism of corneal epithelial cell transdifferentiation from skin epidermal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:877-887. [PMID: 29207049 PMCID: PMC5752239 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin epidermal stem cells (SESCs), which share a single origin with corneal epithelial cells (CECs), are considered to be one of the most ideal seed cells for the construction of tissue engineered corneas. However, the mechanism underlying the transdifferentiation of SESCs to CECs has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, to identify critical microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and genes that regulate the transdifferentiation of SESCs to CECs, SESCs and CECs were collected from sheep and used for small RNA sequencing and mRNA microarray analyses. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs and genes, 36 miRNAs were downregulated and 123 genes were upregulated in the CECs compared with those in the SESCs. miR-10b exhibited the largest change in expression between the cell types. Target genes of the 36 downregulated miRNAs were predicted and a computational approach demonstrated that these target genes may be involved in several signaling pathways, including the 'PI3K signaling pathway', the 'Wnt signaling pathway' and the 'MAPK signaling pathway', as well as in 'focal adhesion'. Comparison of these target genes to the 123 upregulated genes identified 43 intersection genes. A regulatory network of these 43 intersection genes and its correlative miRNAs were constructed, and three genes (dedicator of cytokinesis 9, neuronal differentiation 1 and activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule) were found to have high interaction frequencies. The expression levels of 7 randomly selected miRNAs and the 3 intersection genes were further validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was found that miR-10b, the Wnt signaling pathway and the 3 intersection genes may act together and serve a critical role in the transdifferentiation process. This study identified miRNAs and genes that were expressed in SESCs and CECs that may assist in uncovering its underlying molecular mechanism, as well as promote corneal tissue engineering using epidermal stem cells for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Guo
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
| | - Xiya Ma
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
| | - Weini Wu
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Shi
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
| | - Junlong Ma
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
| | - Erkang Zhao
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
| | - Xueyi Yang
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P.R. China
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Bardag-Gorce F, Hoft R, Meepe I, Garcia J, Tiger K, Wood A, Laporte A, Pan D, Makalinao A, Niihara R, Oliva J, Florentino A, Gorce AM, Stark J, Cortez D, French SW, Niihara Y. Proteasomes in corneal epithelial cells and cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet (CAOMECS) graft used for the ocular surface regeneration. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:749-758. [PMID: 28528957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study focuses on characterizing proteasomes in corneal epithelial cells (CEC) and in cultured autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets (CAOMECS) used to regenerate the ocular surface. METHODS Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) was surgically induced in rabbit corneas. CAOMECS was engineered and grafted onto corneas with LSCD to regenerate the ocular surface. RESULTS LSCD caused an increase in inflammatory cells in the ocular surface, an increase in the formation of immunoproteasomes (IPR), and a decrease in the formation of constitutive proteasome (CPR). Specifically, LSCD-diseased CEC (D-CEC) showed a decrease in the CPR chymotrypsin-like, trypsin-like and caspase-like activities, while healthy CEC (H-CEC) and CAOMECS showed higher activities. Quantitative analysis of IPR inducible subunit (B5i, B2i, and B1i) were performed and compared to CPR subunit (B5, B2, and B1) levels. Results showed that ratios B5i/B5, B2i/B2 and B1i/B1 were higher in D-CEC, indicating that D-CEC had approximately a two-fold increase in the amount of IPR compared to CAOMECS and H-CEC. Histological analysis demonstrated that CAOMECS-grafted corneas had a re-epithelialized surface, positive staining for CPR subunits, and weak staining for IPR subunits. In addition, digital quantitative measurement of fluorescent intensity showed that the CPR B5 subunit was significantly more expressed in CAOMECS-grafted corneas compared to non-grafted corneas with LSCD. CONCLUSION CAOMECS grafting successfully replaced the D-CEC with oral mucosal epithelial cells with higher levels of CPR. The increase in constitutive proteasome expression is possibly responsible for the recovery and improvement in CAOMECS-grafted corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia Bardag-Gorce
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
| | - Richard Hoft
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Imara Meepe
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Julio Garcia
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kumar Tiger
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Andrew Wood
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Amanda Laporte
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Derek Pan
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Andrew Makalinao
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Robert Niihara
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Joan Oliva
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Arjie Florentino
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Amber M Gorce
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jeremy Stark
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Daileen Cortez
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Yutaka Niihara
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
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Moschouris K, Firoozi N, Kang Y. The application of cell sheet engineering in the vascularization of tissue regeneration. Regen Med 2016; 11:559-70. [PMID: 27527673 PMCID: PMC5007660 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffold-free cell sheet engineering (CSE) is a new technology to regenerate injured or damaged tissues, which has shown promising potential in tissue regeneration. CSE uses a thermosensitive surface to form a dense cell sheet that can be detached when temperature decreases. The detached cell sheet can be stacked on top of one another according to the thickness of cell sheet for the specific tissue regeneration application. One of the key challenges of tissue engineering is vascularization. CSE technique provides excellent microenvironment for vascularization since the technique can maintain the intact cell matrix that is crucial for angiogenesis. In this review paper, we will highlight the principle technique of CSE and its application in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Moschouris
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Negar Firoozi
- Department of Ocean & Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yunqing Kang
- Department of Ocean & Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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O'Callaghan AR, Morgan L, Daniels JT, Lewis MP. Human-derived feeder fibroblasts for the culture of epithelial cells for clinical use. Regen Med 2016; 11:529-43. [PMID: 27513189 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMF) and human limbal fibroblasts (HLF) as alternatives to murine 3T3 feeder fibroblasts currently used to support epithelial cell expansion for the treatment of limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency. METHODS HLF and HOMF were compared with 3T3s for their ability to support the culture of human limbal epithelial cells and human oral mucosal epithelial cells. RESULTS HOMF, but not HLF, were equivalent to 3T3s in terms of the number of epithelial population doublings achieved. Human limbal epithelial cells co-cultured with HOMF or 3T3s had similar expression of corneal and putative stem cell markers. CONCLUSION HOMF are a suitable and safer feeder fibroblast alternative to 3T3s for the production of epithelial cells for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R O'Callaghan
- Department of Ocular Biology & Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Louise Morgan
- Department of Ocular Biology & Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Julie T Daniels
- Department of Ocular Biology & Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), EPSRC-MRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Regenerative Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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