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Dong X, Yang Y, Bao Z, Midgley AC, Li F, Dai S, Yang Z, Wang J, Liu L, Li W, Zheng Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Yu W, Liu J, Fan M, Zhu M, Shen Z, Xiaosong G, Kong D. Micro-nanofiber composite biomimetic conduits promote long-gap peripheral nerve regeneration in canine models. Bioact Mater 2023; 30:98-115. [PMID: 37560200 PMCID: PMC10406865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries may result in severe long-gap interruptions that are challenging to repair. Autografting is the gold standard surgical approach for repairing long-gap nerve injuries but can result in prominent donor-site complications. Instead, imitating the native neural microarchitecture using synthetic conduits is expected to offer an alternative strategy for improving nerve regeneration. Here, we designed nerve conduits composed of high-resolution anisotropic microfiber grid-cordes with randomly organized nanofiber sheaths to interrogate the positive effects of these biomimetic structures on peripheral nerve regeneration. Anisotropic microfiber-grids demonstrated the capacity to directionally guide Schwann cells and neurites. Nanofiber sheaths conveyed adequate elasticity and permeability, whilst exhibiting a barrier function against the infiltration of fibroblasts. We then used the composite nerve conduits bridge 30-mm long sciatic nerve defects in canine models. At 12 months post-implant, the morphometric and histological recovery, gait recovery, electrophysiological function, and degree of muscle atrophy were assessed. The newly regenerated nerve tissue that formed within the composite nerve conduits showed restored neurological functions that were superior compared to sheaths-only scaffolds and Neurolac nerve conduit controls. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using synthetic biophysical cues to effectively bridge long-gap peripheral nerve injuries and indicates the promising clinical application prospects of biomimetic composite nerve conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheheng Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Outpatient Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Adam C. Midgley
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feiyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Outpatient Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical Imaging Institute, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yayuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Medical Imaging Institute, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Clinical School/College of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Joint, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Keyan West Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Institute of Transplantation Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gu Xiaosong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Transplantation Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Keyan West Road, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Bergmann F, Stadlmayr S, Millesi F, Zeitlinger M, Naghilou A, Radtke C. The properties of native Trichonephila dragline silk and its biomedical applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213089. [PMID: 36037764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk has fascinated mankind for millennia, but it is only in recent decades that scientific research has begun to unravel all its characteristics and applications. The uniqueness of spider silk resides in its versatility, in which a combination of high strength and extensibility results in extraordinary toughness, superior to almost all natural and man-made fibers. Dragline silk consists of proteins with highly repetitive amino acid sequences, which have been correlated with specific secondary structures responsible for its physical properties. The native fiber also shows high cytocompatibility coupled with low immunogenicity, making it a promising natural biomaterial for numerous biomedical applications. Recently, novel technologies have enabled new insights into the material and biomedical properties of silk. Due to the increasing interest in spider silk, as well as the desire to produce synthetic alternatives, we present an update on the current knowledge of silk fibers produced by the spider genus Trichonephila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bergmann
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Koop F, Strauß S, Peck CT, Aper T, Wilhelmi M, Hartmann C, Hegermann J, Schipke J, Vogt PM, Bucan V. Preliminary application of native Nephila edulis spider silk and fibrin implant causes granulomatous foreign body reaction in vivo in rat's spinal cord. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264486. [PMID: 35286342 PMCID: PMC8920256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury, gliomesenchymal scaring inhibits axonal regeneration as a physical barrier. In peripheral nerve injuries, native spider silk was shown to be an effective scaffold to facilitate axonal re-growth and nerve regeneration. This study tested a two-composite scaffold made of longitudinally oriented native spider silk containing a Haemocomplettan fibrin sheath to bridge lesions in the spinal cord and enhance axonal sprouting. In vitro cultivation of neuronal cells on spider silk and fibrin revealed no cytotoxicity of the scaffold components. When spinal cord tissue was cultured on spider silk that was reeled around a metal frame, migration of different cell types, including neurons and neural stem cells, was observed. The scaffold was implanted into spinal cord lesions of four Wistar rats to evaluate the physical stress caused on the animals and examine the bridging potential for axonal sprouting and spinal cord regeneration. However, the implantation in-vivo resulted in a granulomatous foreign body reaction. Spider silk might be responsible for the strong immune response. Thus, the immune response to native spider silk seems to be stronger in the central nervous system than it is known to be in the peripheral body complicating the application of native spider silk in spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Koop
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah Strauß
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claas-Tido Peck
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Aper
- Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy and Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M. Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Borger A, Stadlmayr S, Haertinger M, Semmler L, Supper P, Millesi F, Radtke C. How miRNAs Regulate Schwann Cells during Peripheral Nerve Regeneration-A Systemic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3440. [PMID: 35408800 PMCID: PMC8999002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of studies indicate that small noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNA), play a crucial role in response to peripheral nerve injuries. During Wallerian degeneration and regeneration processes, they orchestrate several pathways, in particular the MAPK, AKT, and EGR2 (KROX20) pathways. Certain miRNAs show specific expression profiles upon a nerve lesion correlating with the subsequent nerve regeneration stages such as dedifferentiation and with migration of Schwann cells, uptake of debris, neurite outgrowth and finally remyelination of regenerated axons. This review highlights (a) the specific expression profiles of miRNAs upon a nerve lesion and (b) how miRNAs regulate nerve regeneration by acting on distinct pathways and linked proteins. Shedding light on the role of miRNAs associated with peripheral nerve regeneration will help researchers to better understand the molecular mechanisms and deliver targets for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Borger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (L.S.); (P.S.); (F.M.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (L.S.); (P.S.); (F.M.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Haertinger
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (L.S.); (P.S.); (F.M.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Semmler
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (L.S.); (P.S.); (F.M.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Supper
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (L.S.); (P.S.); (F.M.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (L.S.); (P.S.); (F.M.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.B.); (S.S.); (M.H.); (L.S.); (P.S.); (F.M.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Hansson ML, Chatterjee U, Francis J, Arndt T, Broman C, Johansson J, Sköld MK, Rising A. Artificial spider silk supports and guides neurite extension in vitro. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21896. [PMID: 34634154 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100916r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surgical intervention with the use of autografts is considered the gold standard to treat peripheral nerve injuries. However, a biomaterial that supports and guides nerve growth would be an attractive alternative to overcome problems with limited availability, morbidity at the site of harvest, and nerve mismatches related to autografts. Native spider silk is a promising material for construction of nerve guidance conduit (NGC), as it enables regeneration of cm-long nerve injuries in sheep, but regulatory requirements for medical devices demand synthetic materials. Here, we use a recombinant spider silk protein (NT2RepCT) and a functionalized variant carrying a peptide derived from vitronectin (VN-NT2RepCT) as substrates for nerve growth support and neurite extension, using a dorsal root ganglion cell line, ND7/23. Two-dimensional coatings were benchmarked against poly-d-lysine and recombinant laminins. Both spider silk coatings performed as the control substrates with regards to proliferation, survival, and neurite growth. Furthermore, NT2RepCT and VN-NT2RepCT spun into continuous fibers in a biomimetic spinning set-up support cell survival, neurite growth, and guidance to an even larger extent than native spider silk. Thus, artificial spider silk is a promising biomaterial for development of NGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus L Hansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Experimental Traumatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B8 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urmimala Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juanita Francis
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tina Arndt
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Christian Broman
- Experimental Traumatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B8 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mattias K Sköld
- Experimental Traumatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum B8 Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Bobylev D, Wilhelmi M, Lau S, Klingenberg M, Mlinaric M, Petená E, Helms F, Hassel T, Haverich A, Horke A, Böer U. Pressure-compacted and spider silk-reinforced fibrin demonstrates sufficient biomechanical stability as cardiac patch in vitro. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1126-1136. [PMID: 34617818 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211046800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The generation of bio-/hemocompatible cardiovascular patches with sufficient stability and regenerative potential remains an unmet goal. Thus, the aim of this study was the generation and in vitro biomechanical evaluation of a novel cardiovascular patch composed of pressure-compacted fibrin with embedded spider silk cocoons. METHODS Fibrin-based patches were cast in a customized circular mold. One cocoon of Nephila odulis spider silk was embedded per patch during the casting process. After polymerization, the fibrin clot was compacted by 2 kg weight for 30 min resulting in thickness reduction from up to 2 cm to <1 mm. Tensile strength and burst pressure was determined after 0 weeks and 14 weeks of storage. A sewing strength test and a long-term load test were performed using a customized device to exert physiological pulsatile stretching of a silicon surface on which the patch had been sutured. RESULTS Fibrin patches resisted supraphysiological pressures of well over 2000 mmHg. Embedding of spider silk increased tensile force 1.8-fold and tensile strength 1.45-fold (p < .001), resulting in a final strength of 1.07 MPa and increased sewing strength. Storage for 14 weeks decreased tensile strength, but not significantly and suturing properties of the spider silk patches were satisfactory. The long-term load test indicated that the patches were stable for 4 weeks although slight reduction in patch material was observed. CONCLUSION The combination of compacted fibrin matrices and spider silk cocoons may represent a feasible concept to generate stable and biocompatible cardiovascular patches with regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bobylev
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 14966St. Bernward Hospital, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Skadi Lau
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Klingenberg
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Mlinaric
- Institute for Material Science, University of Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Elena Petená
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Helms
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hassel
- Institute for Material Science, University of Hannover, Garbsen, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Horke
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Böer
- Department of Cardiacthoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Reconstruction of Critical Nerve Defects Using Allogenic Nerve Tissue: A Review of Current Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073515. [PMID: 33805321 PMCID: PMC8036990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the nerve defect length, nerve injury is a debilitating condition for the affected patient that results in loss of sensory and motor function. These functional impairments can have a profound impact on the patient’s quality of life. Surgical approaches for the treatment of short segment nerve defects are well-established. Autologous nerve transplantation, considered the gold standard, and the use of artificial nerve grafts are safe and successful procedures for short segment nerve defect reconstruction. Long segment nerve defects which extend 3.0 cm or more are more problematic for repair. Methods for reconstruction of long defects are limited. Artificial nerve grafts often fail to regenerate and autologous nerve grafts are limited in length and number. Cadaveric processed/unprocessed nerve allografts are a promising alternative in nerve surgery. This review gives a systematic overview on pre-clinical and clinical approaches in nerve allograft transplantation.
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8
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Kornfeld T, Nessler J, Helmer C, Hannemann R, Waldmann KH, Peck CT, Hoffmann P, Brandes G, Vogt PM, Radtke C. Spider silk nerve graft promotes axonal regeneration on long distance nerve defect in a sheep model. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120692. [PMID: 33607544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries with substantial tissue loss require autologous nerve transplantation or alternatively reconstruction with nerve conduits. Axonal elongation after nerve transection is about 1 mm/day. The precise time course of axonal regeneration on an ultrastructural level in nerve gap repair using either autologous or artificial implants has not been described. As peripheral nerve regeneration is a highly time critical process due to deterioration of the neuromuscular junction, this in vivo examination in a large animal model was performed in order to investigate axonal elongation rates and spider silk material degradation in a narrowly delimited time series (20, 30, 40, 50, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days) by using a novel spider silk based artificial nerve graft as a critical prerequisite for clinical translation. Autologous nerves or artificial nerve conduits based on spider silk of the spider species Trichonephila edulis were transplanted in a 6.0 cm nerve defect model in the black headed mutton. At each of the post-implant time point, electrophysiology recordings were performed to assess functional reinnervation of axonal fibers into the implants. Samples were analyzed by histology and immunofluorescence in order to verify the timeline of axonal regeneration including axonal regeneration rates of the spider silk implant and the autologous transplant groups. Spider silk was degraded within 3 month by a light immune response mainly mediated by Langhans Giant cells. In conjunction with behavioral analysis and electrophysiological measurements, the results indicate that the spider silk nerve implant supported an axonal regeneration comparable to an autologous nerve graft which is the current gold standard in nerve repair surgery. These findings indicate that a biomaterial based spider silk nerve conduit is as effective as autologous nerve implants and may be an important approach for long nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kornfeld
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department of Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Nessler
- Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Helmer
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Hannemann
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - K H Waldmann
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - C T Peck
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Brandes
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - P M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany; Department of Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Balakrishnan A, Belfiore L, Chu TH, Fleming T, Midha R, Biernaskie J, Schuurmans C. Insights Into the Role and Potential of Schwann Cells for Peripheral Nerve Repair From Studies of Development and Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:608442. [PMID: 33568974 PMCID: PMC7868393 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.608442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries arising from trauma or disease can lead to sensory and motor deficits and neuropathic pain. Despite the purported ability of the peripheral nerve to self-repair, lifelong disability is common. New molecular and cellular insights have begun to reveal why the peripheral nerve has limited repair capacity. The peripheral nerve is primarily comprised of axons and Schwann cells, the supporting glial cells that produce myelin to facilitate the rapid conduction of electrical impulses. Schwann cells are required for successful nerve regeneration; they partially “de-differentiate” in response to injury, re-initiating the expression of developmental genes that support nerve repair. However, Schwann cell dysfunction, which occurs in chronic nerve injury, disease, and aging, limits their capacity to support endogenous repair, worsening patient outcomes. Cell replacement-based therapeutic approaches using exogenous Schwann cells could be curative, but not all Schwann cells have a “repair” phenotype, defined as the ability to promote axonal growth, maintain a proliferative phenotype, and remyelinate axons. Two cell replacement strategies are being championed for peripheral nerve repair: prospective isolation of “repair” Schwann cells for autologous cell transplants, which is hampered by supply challenges, and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells or lineage conversion of accessible somatic cells to induced Schwann cells, with the potential of “unlimited” supply. All approaches require a solid understanding of the molecular mechanisms guiding Schwann cell development and the repair phenotype, which we review herein. Together these studies provide essential context for current efforts to design glial cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Balakrishnan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Belfiore
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tak-Ho Chu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Taylor Fleming
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute (SRI), Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Panzer KV, Burrell JC, Helm KVT, Purvis EM, Zhang Q, Le AD, O’Donnell JC, Cullen DK. Tissue Engineered Bands of Büngner for Accelerated Motor and Sensory Axonal Outgrowth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:580654. [PMID: 33330416 PMCID: PMC7714719 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.580654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury comprising a segmental defect, the extent of axon regeneration decreases precipitously with increasing gap length. Schwann cells play a key role in driving axon re-growth by forming aligned tubular guidance structures called bands of Büngner, which readily occurs in distal nerve segments as well as within autografts - currently the most reliable clinically-available bridging strategy. However, host Schwann cells generally fail to infiltrate large-gap acellular scaffolds, resulting in markedly inferior outcomes and motivating the development of next-generation bridging strategies capable of fully exploiting the inherent pro-regenerative capability of Schwann cells. We sought to create preformed, implantable Schwann cell-laden microtissue that emulates the anisotropic structure and function of naturally-occurring bands of Büngner. Accordingly, we developed a biofabrication scheme leveraging biomaterial-induced self-assembly of dissociated rat primary Schwann cells into dense, fiber-like three-dimensional bundles of Schwann cells and extracellular matrix within hydrogel micro-columns. This engineered microtissue was found to be biomimetic of morphological and phenotypic features of endogenous bands of Büngner, and also demonstrated 8 and 2× faster rates of axonal extension in vitro from primary rat spinal motor neurons and dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, respectively, compared to 3D matrix-only controls or planar Schwann cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report of accelerated motor axon outgrowth using aligned Schwann cell constructs. For translational considerations, this microtissue was also fabricated using human gingiva-derived Schwann cells as an easily accessible autologous cell source. These results demonstrate the first tissue engineered bands of Büngner (TE-BoBs) comprised of dense three-dimensional bundles of longitudinally aligned Schwann cells that are readily scalable as implantable grafts to accelerate axon regeneration across long segmental nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate V. Panzer
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Justin C. Burrell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kaila V. T. Helm
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erin M. Purvis
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anh D. Le
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John C. O’Donnell
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration and Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Correlating the secondary protein structure of natural spider silk with its guiding properties for Schwann cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Spider web proteins are unique materials created by nature that, considering the combination of their properties, do not have analogues among natural or human-created materials. Obtaining significant amounts of these proteins from natural sources is not feasible. Biotechnological manufacturing in heterological systems is complicated by the very high molecular weight of spidroins and their specific amino acid composition. Obtaining recombinant analogues of spidroins in heterological systems, mainly in bacteria and yeast, has become a compromise solution. Because they can self-assemble, these proteins can form various materials, such as fibers, films, 3D-foams, hydrogels, tubes, and microcapsules. The effectiveness of spidroin hydrogels in deep wound healing, as 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration and as oriented fibers for axon growth and nerve tissue regeneration, was demonstrated in animal models. The possibility to use spidroin micro- and nanoparticles for drug delivery was demonstrated, including the use of modified spidroins for virus-free DNA delivery into animal cell nuclei. In the past few years, significant interest has arisen concerning the use of these materials as biocompatible and biodegradable soft optics to construct photonic crystal super lenses and fiber optics and as soft electronics to use in triboelectric nanogenerators. This review summarizes the latest achievements in the field of spidroin production, the creation of materials based on them, the study of these materials as a scaffold for the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of various types of cells, and the prospects for using these materials for medical applications (e.g., tissue engineering, drug delivery, coating medical devices), soft optics, and electronics. Accumulated data suggest the use of recombinant spidroins in medical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Debabov
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA), Moscow 117545, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Bogush
- State Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms of National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (NRC "Kurchatov Institute"-GOSNIIGENETIKA), Moscow 117545, Russia
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13
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Yi S, Zhang Y, Gu X, Huang L, Zhang K, Qian T, Gu X. Application of stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa002. [PMID: 32346538 PMCID: PMC7175760 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic peripheral nerve injury is a worldwide clinical issue with high morbidity. The severity of peripheral nerve injury can be classified as neurapraxia, axonotmesis or neurotmesis, according to Seddon's classification, or five different degrees according to Sunderland's classification. Patients with neurotmesis suffer from a complete transection of peripheral nerve stumps and are often in need of surgical repair of nerve defects. The applications of autologous nerve grafts as the golden standard for peripheral nerve transplantation meet some difficulties, including donor nerve sacrifice and nerve mismatch. Attempts have been made to construct tissue-engineered nerve grafts as supplements or even substitutes for autologous nerve grafts to bridge peripheral nerve defects. The incorporation of stem cells as seed cells into the biomaterial-based scaffolds increases the effectiveness of tissue-engineered nerve grafts and largely boosts the regenerative process. Numerous stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose stem cells, skin-derived precursor stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have been used in neural tissue engineering. In the current review, recent trials of stem cell-based tissue-engineered nerve grafts have been summarized; potential concerns and perspectives of stem cell therapeutics have also been contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kairong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianmei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Zhang L, Yang W, Xie H, Wang H, Wang J, Su Q, Li X, Song Y, Wang G, Wang L, Wang Z. Sericin Nerve Guidance Conduit Delivering Therapeutically Repurposed Clobetasol for Functional and Structural Regeneration of Transected Peripheral Nerves. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1426-1439. [PMID: 33405618 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury often causes significant function loss. Autologous nerve grafting as a gold-standard repair strategy for treating such an injury is limited by donor nerve supply. Tissue-engineered nerve guidance conduits (TENGCs) as a promising alternative for autografting are challenged by large nerve gaps. Herein, we fabricate a glutaraldehyde-cross-linked sericin nerve guidance conduit (GSC) incorporated with clobetasol, a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, for repairing a 10 mm long sciatic nerve gap in a rat model. The GSC exhibits biocompatibility and regeneration-favorable physicochemical properties. GSC's degradation products promote the secretion of neurotrophic factors in Schwann cells. By repurposing clobetasol for peripheral nerve regeneration, our work uncovers clobetasol's previously unknown functions in promoting Schwann cell proliferation and upregulating the expression of myelin-related genes. Importantly, the implantation of this clobetasol-loaded GSC in vivo leads to successful regeneration of the transected sciatic nerve. Strikingly, the regeneration outcome is functionally comparable to that of autologous nerve grafting (evidenced by three parameters). Specifically, the static sciatic index (SSI), relative reaction time (RRT) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in Clobetasol/GSC group are -74.55, 1.30, and 46.4 mm/s at Week 12, respectively, while these parameters are -64.53, 1.23, and 49.8 mm/s in Autograft group. Thus, this work represents the first report unveiling clobetasol's potential in peripheral nerve regeneration, reveals the feasibility of applying a sericin conduit for repairing a large nerve defect, and demonstrates the effectiveness of the clobetasol-loaded-GSC based strategy in transected nerves' regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hongjian Xie
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basic School of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiangfei Su
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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15
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Resch A, Wolf S, Mann A, Weiss T, Stetco AL, Radtke C. Co-Culturing Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells and Schwann Cells on Spider Silk-A New Approach as Prerequisite for Enhanced Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E71. [PMID: 30586946 PMCID: PMC6337114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast recovery is crucial for a successful nerve repair and an optimal functional outcome after peripheral nerve injury. Regarding donor site morbidity, autologous transplantation shows great limitations, which urge the need for alternative options in nerve reconstruction. Spider silk was reported as an advantageous material for cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, and its use in conduits is of great interest, especially in combination with cells to improve nerve regeneration. We here described the behavior of a co-culture of human Schwann cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on spider silk as a new approach. After characterized by immunostaining ADSCs and Schwann cells were seeded in the co-culture on a spider silk scaffold and observed for 21 days. Results showed that cells were attached to the silk and aligned along the silk fibers. With further culture time, cells migrated along the silk and increased in number and formed an almost confluent cell layer. In immunostaining, results suggest that the cell layer was equally composed of ADSCs and Schwann cells. In conclusion, we showed that by providing a guiding structure for directed growth and cells to support nerve regeneration and remyelination, a valid alternative to autologous nerve grafts could have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Resch
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anda Mann
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tamara Weiss
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexandra-Larissa Stetco
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Radtke
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Experimental Laboratory of the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Nerve grafting for peripheral nerve injuries with extended defect sizes. Wien Med Wochenschr 2018; 169:240-251. [PMID: 30547373 PMCID: PMC6538587 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-018-0675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Artificial and non-artificial nerve grafts are the gold standard in peripheral nerve reconstruction in cases with extensive loss of nerve tissue, particularly where a direct end-to-end suture or an autologous nerve graft is inauspicious. Different materials are marketed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for peripheral nerve graft reconstruction. The most frequently used materials are collagen and poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone). Only one human nerve allograft is listed for peripheral nerve reconstruction by the FDA. All marketed nerve grafts are able to demonstrate sufficient nerve regeneration over small distances not exceeding 3.0 cm. A key question in the field is whether nerve reconstruction on large defect lengths extending 4.0 cm or more is possible. This review gives a summary of current clinical and experimental approaches in peripheral nerve surgery using artificial and non-artificial nerve grafts in short and long distance nerve defects. Strategies to extend nerve graft lengths for long nerve defects, such as enhancing axonal regeneration, include the additional application of Schwann cells, mesenchymal stem cells or supporting co-factors like growth factors on defect sizes between 4.0 and 8.0 cm.
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17
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Magaz A, Faroni A, Gough JE, Reid AJ, Li X, Blaker JJ. Bioactive Silk-Based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800308. [PMID: 30260575 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Repair of peripheral nerve injuries depends upon complex biology stemming from the manifold and challenging injury-healing processes of the peripheral nervous system. While surgical treatment options are available, they tend to be characterized by poor clinical outcomes for the injured patients. This is particularly apparent in the clinical management of a nerve gap whereby nerve autograft remains the best clinical option despite numerous limitations; in addition, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Nerve conduit strategies based on tissue engineering approaches and the use of silk as scaffolding material have attracted much attention in recent years to overcome these limitations and meet the clinical demand of large gap nerve repair. This review examines the scientific advances made with silk-based conduits for peripheral nerve repair. The focus is on enhancing bioactivity of the conduits in terms of physical guidance cues, inner wall and lumen modification, and imbuing novel conductive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Magaz
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Alessandro Faroni
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Julie E. Gough
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Adam J. Reid
- Blond McIndoe LaboratoriesDivision of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Department of Plastic Surgery and BurnsWythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester M23 9LT UK
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 2 Fusionopolis, Way, Innovis #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Jonny J. Blaker
- Bio‐Active Materials GroupSchool of MaterialsMSS TowerThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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