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Burgess JK, Gosens R. Mechanotransduction and the extracellular matrix: Key drivers of lung pathologies and drug responsiveness. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116255. [PMID: 38705536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The lung is a biomechanically active organ, with multiscale mechanical forces impacting the organ, tissue and cellular responses within this microenvironment. In chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis and others, the structure of the lung is drastically altered impeding gas exchange. These changes are, in part, reflected in alterations in the composition, amount and organization of the extracellular matrix within the different lung compartments. The transmission of mechanical forces within lung tissue are broadcast by this complex mix of extracellular matrix components, in particular the collagens, elastin and proteoglycans and the crosslinking of these components. At both a macro and a micro level, the mechanical properties of the microenvironment have a key regulatory role in ascertaining cellular responses and the function of the lung. Cells adhere to, and receive signals from, the extracellular matrix through a number of different surface receptors and complexes which are important for mechanotransduction. This review summarizes the multiscale mechanics in the lung and how the mechanical environment changes in lung disease and aging. We then examine the role of mechanotransduction in driving cell signaling events in lung diseases and finish with a future perspective of the need to consider how such forces may impact pharmacological responsiveness in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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2
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Ciaparrone G, Pirone D, Fiore P, Xin L, Xiao W, Li X, Bardozzo F, Bianco V, Miccio L, Pan F, Memmolo P, Tagliaferri R, Ferraro P. Label-free cell classification in holographic flow cytometry through an unbiased learning strategy. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:924-932. [PMID: 38264771 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, label-free imaging flow cytometry at the single-cell level is considered the stepforward lab-on-a-chip technology to address challenges in clinical diagnostics, biology, life sciences and healthcare. In this framework, digital holography in microscopy promises to be a powerful imaging modality thanks to its multi-refocusing and label-free quantitative phase imaging capabilities, along with the encoding of the highest information content within the imaged samples. Moreover, the recent achievements of new data analysis tools for cell classification based on deep/machine learning, combined with holographic imaging, are urging these systems toward the effective implementation of point of care devices. However, the generalization capabilities of learning-based models may be limited from biases caused by data obtained from other holographic imaging settings and/or different processing approaches. In this paper, we propose a combination of a Mask R-CNN to detect the cells, a convolutional auto-encoder, used to the image feature extraction and operating on unlabelled data, thus overcoming the bias due to data coming from different experimental settings, and a feedforward neural network for single cell classification, that operates on the above extracted features. We demonstrate the proposed approach in the challenging classification task related to the identification of drug-resistant endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Ciaparrone
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Daniele Pirone
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo Fiore
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Lu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Francesco Bardozzo
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Opto-Mechatronics Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation Science & Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China.
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tagliaferri
- Neurone Lab, Department of Management and Innovation Systems (DISA-MIS), University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR - Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Pozzuoli, Italy.
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3
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Ghorbanlou M, Moradi F, Shabani R, Mehdizadeh M. Upregulation of apoptotic genes and downregulation of target genes of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway in DAOY medulloblastoma cell line treated with arsenic trioxide. J Chemother 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38130211 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2294574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastoma etiology is associated with the SHH molecular pathway activation at different levels. We investigated the effect of arsenic trioxide as a downstream-level inhibitor of the SHH signaling pathway on morphology, cytotoxicity, migration, and SHH-related and apoptotic gene expression of DAOY cells. Cells were treated at various arsenic trioxide (ATO)concentrations (1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 μM) for different times (24 and 48 hr). Following treatments, the morphology of the cells was investigated at ×20 and ×40 magnification by an inverted microscope. Then, cytotoxicity was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue assays. Cell migration was analyzed through the wound-healing assay. Furthermore, the expression of SHH-related (GLI1, GLI2, SMO, and MYCN) and apoptotic genes (BAX, BCL2, and TP53) was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Finally, GLI1, SMO, and MYCN markers were analyzed through immunocytochemistry. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version 16) and P≤0.05 was considered significant. Morphological changes were seen at 3 and 2 μM in 24 and 48 hr of treatment, respectively. The MTT assay showed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity indicating an IC50 value of 3.39±0.35 and 2.05±0.64 μM in 24 and 48hr treatment, respectively. In addition, the trypan blue assay showed higher IC50 values of 4.29±0.25 and 3.92±0.22 μM in 24 and 48 hr treatment, respectively. The wound-healing assay indicated a dose-dependent reduction of cell migration speed showing a 50% reduction at 2.89±0.26 μM. Significant downregulation of GLI1 and GLI2, as well as the upregulation of BAX, BAX/BCL2 ratio, and TP53 were evident. Significant increases in GLI1 and MYCN markers were also evident in immunocytochemistry. ATO, as a downstream effective inhibitor of the SHH pathway, substantially leads to cell death, cell migration inhibition, apoptosis upregulation, and downregulation of SHH target genes in DAOY medulloblastoma. Since ATO is a toxic chemotherapeutic agent, it must be used at low concentrations (2 μM) in order not to damage healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ghorbanlou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moradi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Reproductive Sciences and Technology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Choo M, Mai VH, Kim HS, Kim DH, Ku JL, Lee SK, Park CK, An YJ, Park S. Involvement of cell shape and lipid metabolism in glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:670-679. [PMID: 36100765 PMCID: PMC9958008 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) has been used as standard-of-care for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the resistance to TMZ develops quickly and frequently. Thus, more studies are needed to elucidate the resistance mechanisms. In the current study, we investigated the relationship among the three important phenotypes, namely TMZ-resistance, cell shape and lipid metabolism, in GBM cells. We first observed the distinct difference in cell shapes between TMZ-sensitive (U87) and resistant (U87R) GBM cells. We then conducted NMR-based lipid metabolomics, which revealed a significant increase in cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis as well as lower lipid unsaturation in U87R cells. Consistent with the lipid changes, U87R cells exhibited significantly lower membrane fluidity. The transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that lipid synthesis pathways through SREBP were upregulated in U87R cells, which was confirmed at the protein level. Fatostatin, an SREBP inhibitor, and other lipid pathway inhibitors (C75, TOFA) exhibited similar or more potent inhibition on U87R cells compared to sensitive U87 cells. The lower lipid unsaturation ratio, membrane fluidity and higher fatostatin sensitivity were all recapitulated in patient-derived TMZ-resistant primary cells. The observed ternary relationship among cell shape, lipid composition, and TMZ-resistance may be applicable to other drug-resistance cases. SREBP and fatostatin are suggested as a promising target-therapeutic agent pair for drug-resistant glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munki Choo
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Van-Hieu Mai
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Han Sun Kim
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwa Kim
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong Jin An
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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5
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Zhang C, Leng Z, Wang Y, Ran L, Qin X, Xin H, Xu X, Zhang G, Xu Z. PDGFB targeting biodegradable FePt alloy assembly for MRI guided starvation-enhancing chemodynamic therapy of cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:264. [PMID: 35672821 PMCID: PMC9172083 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for cancer is a serious challenge owing to the low efficiency of the Fenton catalyst and insufficient H2O2 expression in cells. Herein, we fabricated a PDGFB targeting, biodegradable FePt alloy assembly for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided chemotherapy and starving-enhanced chemodynamic therapy for cancer using PDGFB targeting, pH-sensitive liposome-coated FePt alloys, and GOx (pLFePt-GOx). We found that the Fenton-catalytic activity of FePt alloys was far stronger than that of traditional ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticle (UION). Upon entry into cancer cells, pLFePt-GOx nanoliposomes degraded into many tiny FePt alloys and released GOx owing to the weakly acidic nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The released GOx-mediated glucose consumption not only caused a starvation status but also increased the level of cellular H2O2 and acidity, promoting Fenton reaction by FePt alloys and resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in cells, which ultimately realized starving-enhanced chemodynamic process for killing tumor cells. The anticancer mechanism of pLFePt-GOx involved ROS-mediated apoptosis and ferroptosis, and glucose depletion-mediated starvation death. In the in vivo assay, the systemic delivery of pLFePt-GOx showed excellent antitumor activity with low biological toxicity and significantly enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal of the tumor, indicating that pLFePt-GOx can serve as a highly efficient theranostic tool for cancer. This work thus describes an effective, novel multi-modal cancer theranostic system.
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6
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Xin L, Xiao W, Che L, Liu J, Miccio L, Bianco V, Memmolo P, Ferraro P, Li X, Pan F. Label-Free Assessment of the Drug Resistance of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells in a Microfluidic Holographic Flow Cytometer Boosted through Machine Learning. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31046-31057. [PMID: 34841147 PMCID: PMC8613806 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
About 75% of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients suffer from relapsing and develop drug resistance after primary chemotherapy. The commonly used clinical examinations and biological tumor tissue models for chemotherapeutic sensitivity are time-consuming and expensive. Research studies showed that the cell morphology-based method is promising to be a new route for chemotherapeutic sensitivity evaluation. Here, we offer how the drug resistance of EOC cells can be assessed through a label-free and high-throughput microfluidic flow cytometer equipped with a digital holographic microscope reinforced by machine learning. It is the first time that such type of assessment is performed to the best of our knowledge. Several morphologic and texture features at a single-cell level have been extracted from the quantitative phase images. In addition, we compared four common machine learning algorithms, including naive Bayes, decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, support vector machine (SVM), and fully connected network. The result shows that the SVM classifier achieves the optimal performance with an accuracy of 92.2% and an area under the curve of 0.96. This study demonstrates that the proposed method achieves high-accuracy, high-throughput, and label-free assessment of the drug resistance of EOC cells. Furthermore, it reflects strong potentialities to develop data-driven individualized chemotherapy treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xin
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Leiping Che
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - JinJin Liu
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University
People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Bianco
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR,
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems (ISASI) “E.
Caianiello”, via
Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University
People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key
Laboratory of Precision Opto-mechatronics Technology, School of Instrumentation
& Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
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7
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Patil A, Nandi S, Kale N, Bobade C, Banerjee S, Patil Y, Khandare J. Designing 3D-nanosubstrates mimicking biological cell growth: pitfalls of using 2D substrates in the evaluation of anticancer efficiency. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17473-17485. [PMID: 34651162 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing nano-substrates (NS) that support three-dimensional (3D) cell growth using physico-chemical interventions mimicking the cellular microenvironment is highly challenging. Here we report NS that assist 3D cell development (3D NS) using multi-components on a glass substrate (2D GS), which mimics the ex vivo tissue microenvironment and promotes 3D cell growth superior to conventional 2D cell culturing methodologies. 3D NS were chemically fabricated by linking the combination of advanced materials imparting different physico-chemical traits, for example, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (G), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNP). We compared cell-substrate interactions resulting in cellular morphological changes, influence on the cell circularity index (CI), nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios (N/C), and nuclear compression or derangements using human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. We observed the increase in N/C, extended on the 3D NS micro-environment as indicative of cellular adaptation and the transformation. HCT116 and HeLa cells on 2D GS showed an N/C ratio <0.3, and 3D NS cultured cells exhibited a higher N/C ratio (>0.5). The most significant increase in the ratio, relative to arrested cell spreading, was observed with G-3D NS. Furthermore, 3D NS were evaluated for the cell viability differentiations using the anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox). The drug-treated cells on 3D NS demonstrated far-displaced N/C ratios compared to 2D GS. In conclusion, 3D NS systems implicate an 'in vitro to in vivo' relevance for the outcome in cell biology, cell proliferation and migration, and in anticancer drug efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Patil
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Semonti Nandi
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Narendra Kale
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | | | - Shashwat Banerjee
- School of Pharmacy, Dr Vishwananth Karad MIT-World Peace University, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India.
| | - Yuvraj Patil
- School of Pharmacy, Dr Vishwananth Karad MIT-World Peace University, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India.
| | - Jayant Khandare
- School of Consciousness, Dr Vishwananth Karad MIT-World Peace University, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India.
- School of Consciousness, MIT-WPU, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
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8
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Thai VL, Griffin KH, Thorpe SW, Randall RL, Leach JK. Tissue engineered platforms for studying primary and metastatic neoplasm behavior in bone. J Biomech 2021; 115:110189. [PMID: 33385867 PMCID: PMC7855491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, claiming more than 560,000 lives each year. Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in children and young adults, while bone is a common site of metastasis for tumors initiating from other tissues. The heterogeneity, continual evolution, and complexity of this disease at different stages of tumor progression drives a critical need for physiologically relevant models that capture the dynamic cancer microenvironment and advance chemotherapy techniques. Monolayer cultures have been favored for cell-based research for decades due to their simplicity and scalability. However, the nature of these models makes it impossible to fully describe the biomechanical and biochemical cues present in 3-dimensional (3D) microenvironments, such as ECM stiffness, degradability, surface topography, and adhesivity. Biomaterials have emerged as valuable tools to model the behavior of various cancers by creating highly tunable 3D systems for studying neoplasm behavior, screening chemotherapeutic drugs, and developing novel treatment delivery techniques. This review highlights the recent application of biomaterials toward the development of tumor models, details methods for their tunability, and discusses the clinical and therapeutic applications of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Thai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Katherine H Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Steven W Thorpe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - R Lor Randall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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9
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Gavazzo P, Viti F, Donnelly H, Oliva MAG, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Dalby MJ, Vassalli M. Biophysical phenotyping of mesenchymal stem cells along the osteogenic differentiation pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:915-933. [PMID: 33420657 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells represent an important resource, for bone regenerative medicine and therapeutic applications. This review focuses on new advancements and biophysical tools which exploit different physical and chemical markers of mesenchymal stem cell populations, to finely characterize phenotype changes along their osteogenic differentiation process. Special attention is paid to recently developed label-free methods, which allow monitoring cell populations with minimal invasiveness. Among them, quantitative phase imaging, suitable for single-cell morphometric analysis, and nanoindentation, functional to cellular biomechanics investigation. Moreover, the pool of ion channels expressed in cells during differentiation is discussed, with particular interest for calcium homoeostasis.Altogether, a biophysical perspective of osteogenesis is proposed, offering a valuable tool for the assessment of the cell stage, but also suggesting potential physiological links between apparently independent phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gavazzo
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Hannah Donnelly
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mariana Azevedo Gonzalez Oliva
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Santos Rosalem G, Gonzáles Torres LA, de Las Casas EB, Mathias FAS, Ruiz JC, Carvalho MGR. Microfluidics and organ-on-a-chip technologies: A systematic review of the methods used to mimic bone marrow. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243840. [PMID: 33306749 PMCID: PMC7732112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is an organ responsible for crucial processes in living organs, e. g., hematopoiesis. In recent years, Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) devices have been used to satisfy the need for in vitro systems that better mimic the phenomena occurring in the BM microenvironment. Given the growing interest in these systems and the diversity of developed devices, an integrative systematic literature review is required. We have performed this review, following the PRISMA method aiming to identify the main characteristics and assess the effectiveness of the devices that were developed to represent the BM. A search was performed in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases using the keywords (("bone marrow" OR "hematopoietic stem cells" OR "haematopoietic stem cells") AND ("organ in a" OR "lab on a chip" OR "microfluidic" OR "microfluidic*" OR ("bioreactor" AND "microfluidic*"))). Original research articles published between 2009 and 2020 were included in the review, giving a total of 21 papers. The analysis of these papers showed that their main purpose was to study BM cells biology, mimic BM niches, model pathological BM, and run drug assays. Regarding the fabrication protocols, we have observed that polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material and soft lithography method were the most commonly used. To reproduce the microenvironment of BM, most devices used the type I collagen and alginate. Peristaltic and syringe pumps were mostly used for device perfusion. Regarding the advantages compared to conventional methods, there were identified three groups of OoC devices: perfused 3D BM; co-cultured 3D BM; and perfused co-cultured 3D BM. Cellular behavior and mimicking their processes and responses were the mostly commonly studied parameters. The results have demonstrated the effectiveness of OoC devices for research purposes compared to conventional cell cultures. Furthermore, the devices have a wide range of applicability and the potential to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Santos Rosalem
- Mechanical Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jeronimo Conceição Ruiz
- Biosystems and Genomics Group, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Computational and Systems Biology of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (PGBCS/IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li Y, Khuu N, Prince E, Tao H, Zhang N, Chen Z, Gevorkian A, McGuigan AP, Kumacheva E. Matrix Stiffness-Regulated Growth of Breast Tumor Spheroids and Their Response to Chemotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2020; 22:419-429. [PMID: 33136364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are an important factor contributing to therapy failure in cancer patients. Current in vitro breast cancer spheroid models examining the role of mechanical properties on spheroid response to chemotherapy are limited by the use of two-dimensional cell culture, as well as simultaneous variation in hydrogel matrix stiffness and other properties, e.g., hydrogel composition, pore size, and cell adhesion ligand density. In addition, currently used hydrogel matrices do not replicate the filamentous ECM architecture in a breast tumor microenvironment. Here, we report a collagen-alginate hydrogel with a filamentous architecture and a 20-fold variation in stiffness, achieved independently of other properties, used for the evaluation of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer spheroid response to doxorubicin. The variation in hydrogel mechanical properties was achieved by altering the degree of cross-linking of alginate molecules. We show that soft hydrogels promote the growth of larger MCF-7 tumor spheroids with a lower fraction of proliferating cells and enhance spheroid resistance to doxorubicin. Notably, the stiffness-dependent chemotherapeutic response of the spheroids was temporally mediated: it became apparent at sufficiently long cell culture times, when the matrix stiffness has influenced the spheroid growth. These findings highlight the significance of decoupling matrix stiffness from other characteristics in studies of chemotherapeutic resistance of tumor spheroids and in development of drug screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Nancy Khuu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Prince
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Huachen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ningtong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Zhengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Albert Gevorkian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.,The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.,The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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12
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Shahriyari F, Janmaleki M, Sharifi S, Hesar ME, Hoshian S, Taghiabadi R, Razaghian A, Ghadiri M, Peirovi A, Mahmoudi M, Nezhad AS, Khademhosseini A. Effect of cell imprinting on viability and drug susceptibility of breast cancer cells to doxorubicin. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:119-129. [PMID: 32525052 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effect of substrate's geometrical cues on viability and the efficacy of an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX), on breast cancer cells. It is hypothesized that the surface topographical properties can mediate the cellular drug intake. Pseudo-three dimensional (3D) platforms were fabricated using imprinting technique from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to recapitulate topography of cells' membranes. The cells exhibited higher viability on the cell-imprinted platforms for both PDMS and GelMA materials compared to the plain/flat counterparts. For instance, MCF7 cells showed a higher metabolic activity (11.9%) on MCF7-imprinted PDMS substrate than plain PDMS. The increased metabolic activity for the imprinted GelMA was about 44.2% compared to plain hydrogel. The DOX response of cells was monitored for 24 h. Although imprinted substrates demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility, the cultured cells were more susceptible to the drug compared to the plain substrates. In particular, MCF7 cells on imprinted PDMS and GelMA substrates showed 37% and 50% higher in cell death compared to the corresponding plain PDMS and GelMA, respectively. Interestingly, the drug susceptibility of the cells on the imprinted hydrogel was about 70% higher than the cells cultured on imprinted PDMS substrates. Having MCF7 cell-imprinted substrates, DOX responses of two other breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and ZR-75-1, were also evaluated. The results support that cell membrane curvature developed by multiscale topography is able to mediate intracellular signaling and drug intake. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Research in biological sciences and drug discovery mostly rely on two dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques which cannot provide a reliable physiologically relevant environment. Lack of extracellular matrix and a large shift in physicochemical properties of conventional 2D substrates can induce aberrant cellular behaviors. While chemical composition, topographical, and mechanical properties of substrates have remarkable impacts on drug susceptibility, gene expression, and protein synthesis, the most cell culture plates are from rigid and plain substrates. A number of (bio)polymeric 3D-platforms have been introduced to resemble innate cell microenvironment. However, their intricate culture protocols restrain their applications in demanding high-throughput drug screening. To address the above concerns, in the present study, a hydrogel-based pseudo-3D substrate with imprinted cell features has been introduced.
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13
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Imanbekova M, Perumal AS, Kheireddine S, Nicolau DV, Wachsmann-Hogiu S. Lensless, reflection-based dark-field microscopy (RDFM) on a CMOS chip. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4942-4959. [PMID: 33014592 PMCID: PMC7510856 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present for the first time a lens-free, oblique illumination imaging platform for on-sensor dark- field microscopy and shadow-based 3D object measurements. It consists of an LED point source that illuminates a 5-megapixel, 1.4 µm pixel size, back-illuminated CMOS sensor at angles between 0° and 90°. Analytes (polystyrene beads, microorganisms, and cells) were placed and imaged directly onto the sensor. The spatial resolution of this imaging system is limited by the pixel size (∼1.4 µm) over the whole area of the sensor (3.6×2.73 mm). We demonstrated two imaging modalities: (i) shadow imaging for estimation of 3D object dimensions (on polystyrene beads and microorganisms) when the illumination angle is between 0° and 85°, and (ii) dark-field imaging, at >85° illumination angles. In dark-field mode, a 3-4 times drop in background intensity and contrast reversal similar to traditional dark-field imaging was observed, due to larger reflection intensities at those angles. With this modality, we were able to detect and analyze morphological features of bacteria and single-celled algae clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Imanbekova
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
- Equal contributions
| | | | - Sara Kheireddine
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Dan V. Nicolau
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E9, Canada
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14
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Bobade CD, Nandi S, Kale NR, Banerjee SS, Patil YN, Khandare JJ. Cellular regeneration and proliferation on polymeric 3D inverse-space substrates and the effect of doxorubicin. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2315-2325. [PMID: 36133387 PMCID: PMC9417673 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00075b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spatial arrangement for cells and the opportunity thereof have implications in cell regeneration and cell proliferation. 3D inverse space (3DIS) substrates with micron-sized pores are fabricated under controlled environmental conditions from polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(styrene) (PS). The characterization of 3DIS substrates by optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy (SPM), etc. shows pores within 1-18 μm diameter and prominent surface roughness extending up to 3.9 nm in height over its base. Conversely, to compare two-dimensional (2D) versus 3DIS substrates, the crucial variables of cell height, cell spreading area and cell volume are compared using lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. The results indicate an average cell thickness of ∼6 μm on a glass substrate whereas cells on PLGA 3DIS were ∼12 μm in height, occasionally reaching 20 μm, with a 40% decreased cell spreading area. A549 cells cultured on polymer 3DIS substrates show a cell regeneration growth pattern, dependent on the available spatial volume. Furthermore, PLGA 3DIS cell culture systems with and without graded doxorubicin (DOX) pre-treatment result in potent cell inhibition and cell proliferation, respectively. Additionally, standard DOX administration to A549 cells in the PLGA 3DIS system revealed altered drug sensitivity. 3DIS demonstrates utility in facilitating cellular regeneration and mimicking cell proliferation in defined spatial arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Semonti Nandi
- MAAER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy Kothrud Pune 411038 India
| | - Narendra R Kale
- MAAER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy Kothrud Pune 411038 India
| | - Shashwat S Banerjee
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College Talegaon-Dabhade Pune 410507 India
| | - Yuvraj N Patil
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College Talegaon-Dabhade Pune 410507 India
| | - Jayant J Khandare
- School of Pharmacy, Dr Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, MIT Campus S. No. 124, Paud Road, Kothrud Pune 411038 India
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15
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Nandi S, Kale NR, Takale V, Chate GC, Bhave M, Banerjee SS, Khandare JJ. Cell deformation and acquired drug resistance: elucidating the major influence of drug-nanocarrier delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1852-1862. [PMID: 32022091 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02744k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer diagnosis and its stage-wise assessment are determined through invasive solid tissue biopsies. Conversely, cancer imaging is enriched through emission tomography and longitudinal high-resolution analysis for the early detection of cancer through altered cell morphology and cell-deformation. Similarly, in post multiple chemo-cycle exposures, the tumor regression and progression thereafter are not well understood. Here, we report chemo-cycles of doxorubicin (Dox) carrying nanoparticles (NPs) to be highly indicative of cell deformation and a progressive indicator of phenotypic expressions of acquired drug resistance (ADR). We designed graphene (G) based nanocarriers by chemically conjugating multiple components: (i) G; (ii) iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs; and (iii) Dox through a cysteine (Cys) linker (G-Dox and G-Cys-Fe3O4-Dox). Although Dox underwent cell diffusion, the G-based nanocarriers followed a receptor-mediated endocytosis which created a profound impact on the cell membrane integrity. ADR owing to Dox and G-based nanocarriers was analyzed through a cytotoxicity assay, cell morphology deformation parameters and cellular uptake kinetic patterns. Interestingly, after the third chemo-cycle, G-Dox incubated cells showed the greatest decrease in the alteration of the nuclear surface area (NSA) of ∼28%, a ∼40% reduction of the cell surface area (CSA) and a ∼32% increase in the cell roundness (CRd). Our results suggested that the G-based nanocarriers induced the cell deformation process, subsequently resulting in ADR. Although the G-based nanocarriers initiated ADR, G-Dox was most cytotoxic to cancer cells and induced the maximum cell morphology deformation within our scope of study. This outcome implies caution is needed when using G-based nanocarriers and other multi-component nanosystems for Dox delivery as they lead to possible phenotypic expressions of drug resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semonti Nandi
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Narendra R Kale
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Vijay Takale
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Govind C Chate
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Madhura Bhave
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Shashwat S Banerjee
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune 410507, India.
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16
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Moscheni C, Malucelli E, Castiglioni S, Procopio A, De Palma C, Sorrentino A, Sartori P, Locatelli L, Pereiro E, Maier JA, Iotti S. 3D Quantitative and Ultrastructural Analysis of Mitochondria in a Model of Doxorubicin Sensitive and Resistant Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091254. [PMID: 31461915 PMCID: PMC6769783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major obstacle in cancer treatment. Because mitochondria mediate metabolic reprogramming in cancer drug resistance, we focused on these organelles in doxorubicin sensitive and resistant colon carcinoma cells. We employed soft X-ray cryo nano-tomography to map three-dimensionally these cells at nanometer-resolution and investigate the correlation between mitochondrial morphology and drug resistance phenotype. We have identified significant structural differences in the morphology of mitochondria in the two strains of cancer cells, as well as lower amounts of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in resistant than in sensitive cells. We speculate that these features could elicit an impaired mitochondrial communication in resistant cells, thus preventing the formation of the interconnected mitochondrial network as clearly detected in the sensitive cells. In fact, the qualitative and quantitative three-dimensional assessment of the mitochondrial morphology highlights a different structural organization in resistant cells, which reflects a metabolic cellular adaptation functional to survive to the offense exerted by the antineoplastic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Procopio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, "Luigi Sacco" University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Patrizia Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Locatelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Eva Pereiro
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Facility, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jeanette A Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Roma, Italy
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17
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Zorzan M, Collazuol D, Ribaudo G, Ongaro A, Scaroni C, Zagotto G, Armanini D, Barollo S, Galeotti F, Volpi N, Redaelli M, Pezzani R. Biological effects and potential mechanisms of action of Pistacia lentiscus Chios mastic extract in Caco-2 cell model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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