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Della Torre C, Villa S, Chiarore A, Cannavacciuolo A, Rizzi C, Musco L, Nigro L, Munari M. Biomonitoring of human activities recovery following lockdown in a highly touristic Mediterranean Island using Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116533. [PMID: 38833949 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Coastal waters face significant anthropogenic stress, particularly from tourism, exacerbating pollution, especially in areas like touristic islands. Ischia, the largest island in the Gulf of Naples and part of the Regno di Nettuno Marine Protected Area, suffers from pollution due to tourism and maritime traffic. During the initial SARS-CoV-2 lockdown from March to June 2020, Ischia was isolated, providing a unique opportunity to study pollutant release and its impact on coastal ecosystems. Adult Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels were transplanted to three sites on the island for active biomonitoring. Accumulation of chemicals in tissues and biomarkers related to metabolism, detoxification, and oxidative stress were measured. Results indicated that pollutants from daily activities entered the sea, affecting filter feeders. Translocated organisms showed modulated metabolic functions and biochemical changes, highlighting coastal vulnerability and calling for conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Villa
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Chiarore
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Cristiana Rizzi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Musco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lara Nigro
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; Department of Biology, Stazione Idrobiologica 'Umberto d'Ancona', University of Padova, Chioggia, Italy.
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Sartori D, Scatena G, Vrinceanu CA, Gaion A. Increased sensitivity of sea urchin larvae to metal toxicity as a consequence of the past two decades of Climate Change and Ocean Acidification in the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115274. [PMID: 37429181 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea represents a natural laboratory to infer the possible impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. In this article, we report the deteriorating ability of sea urchin larvae (Paracentrotus lividus) to cope with toxicity of a reference contaminant (Cu EC50) over the past 20 years and assessed the influence of 5 environmental factors from satellite measurements. This timeframe was divided in before and after January 2016 (46.57 μg/L vs 28.56 μg/L respectively, p < 0.001). In the second subset of data, correlation of the biological variable with CO2 and pH strengthened compared to the first part (rCO2-EC50: -0.21 vs -0.83 and rpH-EC50: 0.25 vs 0.87 respectively), with a causal link starting from one year and ending 4 months prior to EC50 measurements. Considering the continuous increase in CO2 concentrations recorded recently, this study could reveal a rapid deterioration of the health condition of this population of sea urchins in a coastal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Sartori
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research - ISPRA, via del Cedro 38, 57122 Livorno. Italy
| | - Guido Scatena
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research - ISPRA, via del Cedro 38, 57122 Livorno. Italy
| | | | - Andrea Gaion
- Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research - ISPRA, via del Cedro 38, 57122 Livorno. Italy; University Centre South Devon, Long Rd, TQ4 7EJ Paignton, United Kingdom.
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Leach TS, Hofmann GE. Marine heatwave temperatures enhance larval performance but are meditated by paternal thermal history and inter-individual differences in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1230590. [PMID: 37601631 PMCID: PMC10436589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1230590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine heatwave (MHW) events, characterized by periods of anomalous temperatures, are an increasingly prevalent threat to coastal marine ecosystems. Given the seasonal phenology of MHWs, the full extent of their biological consequences may depend on how these thermal stress events align with an organism's reproductive cycle. In organisms with more complex life cycles (e.g., many marine invertebrate species) the alignment of adult and larval environments may be an important factor determining offspring success, setting the stage for MHW events to influence reproduction and development in situ. Here, the influence of MHW-like temperatures on the early development of the California purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were explored within the context of paternal thermal history. Based on temperature data collected during MHW events seen in Southern California from 2014-2020, adult urchins were acclimated to either MHW or non-MHW temperatures for 28 days before their sperm was used to produce embryos that were subsequently raised under varying thermal conditions. Once offspring reached an early larval stage, the impact of paternal and offspring environments were assessed on two aspects of offspring performance: larval size and thermal tolerance. Exposure to elevated temperatures during early development resulted in larger, more thermally tolerant larvae, with further influences of paternal identity and thermal history, respectively. The alignment of paternal and offspring exposure to MHW temperatures had additional positive benefits on larval thermal tolerance, but this tolerance significantly decreased when their thermal experience mismatched. As the highest recorded temperatures within past MHW events have occurred during the gametogenesis of many kelp forest benthic marine invertebrate species, such as the purple sea urchin, such parental mediated impacts may represent important drivers of future recruitment and population composition for these species.
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Palombo C, Chiarore A, Ciscato M, Asnicar D, Mirasole A, Fabbrizzi E, Teixidó N, Munari M. Thanks mum. Maternal effects in response to ocean acidification of sea urchin larvae at different ecologically relevant temperatures. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114700. [PMID: 36773584 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Palombo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Chiarore
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Ciscato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Asnicar
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Aquatic Bioscience, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada E5B 2L7.
| | - Alice Mirasole
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy.
| | - Erika Fabbrizzi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nuria Teixidó
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy; Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia, Naples, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Fano Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano, Italy.
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Munari M, Chiarore A, Signorini SG, Cannavacciuolo A, Nannini M, Magni S, Binelli A, Gambi MC, Della Torre C. Surviving in a changing ocean. Tolerance to acidification might affect the susceptibility of polychaetes to chemical contamination. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113857. [PMID: 35749979 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the combined effects of ocean acidification (OA) and pollution to the polychaete Syllis prolifera inhabiting the CO2 vent system of the Castello Aragonese (Ischia Island, Italy). We investigated the basal activities of antioxidant enzymes in organisms from the acidified site and from an ambient-pH control site in two different periods of the year. Results showed a limited influence of acidified conditions on the functionality of the antioxidant system. We then investigated the responsiveness of individuals living inside the CO2 vent compared to those from the control to face exposure to acetone and copper. Results highlighted a higher susceptibility of organisms from the vent to acetone and a different response of antioxidant enzymes in individuals from the two sites. Conversely, a higher tolerance to copper was observed in polychaetes from the acidified-site with respect to controls, but any significant oxidative stress was induced at sublethal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Munari
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Antonia Chiarore
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Matteo Nannini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Stefano Magni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Hudson ME, Sewell MA. Ocean acidification impacts sperm swimming performance and pHi in the New Zealand sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276137. [PMID: 35899479 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In sea urchins, spermatozoa are stored in the gonads in hypercapnic conditions (pH<7.0). During spawning, sperm are diluted in seawater of pH>8.0, and there is an alkalinization of the sperm's internal pH (pHi) through the release of CO2 and H+. Previous research has shown that when pHi is above 7.2-7.3, the dynein ATPase flagellar motors are activated, and the sperm become motile. It has been hypothesised that ocean acidification (OA), which decreases the pH of seawater, may have a narcotic effect on sea urchin sperm by impairing the ability to regulate pHi, resulting in decreased motility and swimming speed. Here we use data collected from the same individuals to test the relationship between pHi and sperm motility/performance in the New Zealand sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Valenciennes) under near- (2100) and far-future (2150) atmospheric pCO2 conditions (RCP 8.5: pH 7.77, 7.51). Decreasing seawater pH significantly negatively impacted the proportion of motile sperm), and four of the six computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) sperm performance measures. In control conditions, sperm had an activated pHi of 7.52. E. chloroticus sperm could not defend pHi. in future OA conditions; there was a stepped decrease in the pHi at pH 7.77, with no significant difference in mean pHi between pH 7.77 and 7.51. Paired measurements in the same males showed a positive relationship between pHi and sperm motility, but with a significant difference in the response between males. Differences in motility and sperm performance in OA conditions may impact fertilization success in a future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Hudson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mary A Sewell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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