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Daille LK, Spear JR, Beech I, Vargas IT, De la Iglesia R. Seasonal variation in the biological succession of marine diatoms over 316L stainless steel in a coastal environment of Chile. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:1-13. [PMID: 38213232 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2300150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing seasonal changes in diatom community profiles in coastal environments is scarce worldwide. Despite diatoms being prevalent in microfouling, their role in microbially influenced corrosion of metallic materials remains poorly understood. This study reports the effect of seasonal variations on the settlement of marine diatoms and corrosion of 316 L stainless steel surfaces exposed to Chilean coastal seawater. Electron microscopy imaging revealed a diverse assembly of diatoms, exhibiting pronounced differences at genus level between summer and winter seasons, with a significant delay in diatom settlement during winter. Electrochemical measurements indicated an active role of diatoms in increasing corrosion current during biofilm development. While the final diatom composition was similar irrespective of the season, the analyses of diatom assemblages over time differed, showing faster colonization when silicate and nitrate were available. This study lays the foundation for future research on the dominant season-specific genera of diatoms to unveil the microbial interactions that could contribute to corrosion and to evaluate their potential as bioindicators for alternative surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Daille
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, RM, Chile
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - John R Spear
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, CO School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Iwona Beech
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, MT State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Ignacio T Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago, RM, Chile
| | - Rodrigo De la Iglesia
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, RM, Chile
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago, RM, Chile
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2
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Li C, Wu J, Wang P, Zhang D, Zhu L, Gao Y, Wang W. Corrosion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toward a Cu-Zn-Ni alloy inhibited by the simulative tidal region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3628-3640. [PMID: 38085474 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The corrosion of marine engineering equipment not only threatens human security and ecological environment but also increases energy consumption, restricting the sustainable development of marine economies and industries. The tidal region is a complex and challenging environment that can cause severe corrosion of facilities and affect microbial activities. However, the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of tidal region is insufficient. To address this issue, the effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a Cu-Zn-Ni alloy in the simulative tidal region was investigated by chemical and molecular biological analysis in this study. The results demonstrated that P. aeruginosa formed thicker biofilms on the Cu-Zn-Ni alloy samples under the full exposure, accelerating corrosion compared to sterile controls. Interestingly, the corrosion of P. aeruginosa toward the Cu-Zn-Ni alloy was inhibited in the simulative tidal region. This inhibition behavior was relevant to the reduction in the quantity of sessile cells and cell activities. The expression down-regulation of genes encoding phenazines induced the decrease in electron transfer mediators and weakened the MIC of P. aeruginosa on alloy samples in the simulative tidal region. The research sheds light on the characteristics of P. aeruginosa and corrosion products on the Cu-Zn-Ni alloy, as well as their interaction mechanisms underlying corrosion in the simulative tidal region. The study will facilitate the evaluation and control of MIC in the tidal region, contributing to the development of sustainable strategies for preserving the integrity and safety of marine facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Dun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaohua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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3
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Li C, Wu J, Zhang D, Wang P, Zhu L, Gao Y, Wang W. Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on EH40 steel corrosion in the simulated tidal zone. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119708. [PMID: 36764103 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion of metals in the tidal zone shortens the service life of facilities considerably and causes extensive economic losses each year. However, the contribution of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) to this progress is usually ignored, and consequently the research on the mechanism of MIC in the tidal zone is highly desirable. In this study, the impact of the typical marine strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa on EH40 steel corrosion in the simulated tidal zone was evaluated. P. aeruginosa accelerated the corrosion of EH40 steel in the simulated tidal zone and its corrosion promotion efficiency rose over time. The environmental stress promoted the metabolism, energy production, and secretion of phenazines of P. aeruginosa, which promoted extracellular electron transfer between bacteria and steel, and accelerated MIC. The study proposes a possible mechanism of MIC in the tidal zone at the molecular biological level, which is of theoretical significance for evaluating the corrosion risks of marine equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Dun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Liyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaohua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Biofouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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4
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When material science meets microbial ecology: Bacterial community selection on stainless steels in natural seawater. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 221:112955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Arboleda-Baena C, Pareja CB, Pla I, Logares R, De la Iglesia R, Navarrete SA. Hidden interactions in the intertidal rocky shore: variation in pedal mucus microbiota among marine grazers that feed on epilithic biofilm communities. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13642. [PMID: 36172502 PMCID: PMC9512015 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, most invertebrates possess diverse microbiomes on their external surfaces, such as those found in the pedal mucus of grazing gastropods and chitons that aids displacement on different surfaces. The microbes are then transported around and placed in contact with free-living microbial communities of micro and other macro-organisms, potentially exchanging species and homogenizing microbial composition and structure among grazer hosts. Here, we characterize the microbiota of the pedal mucus of five distantly related mollusk grazers, quantify differences in microbial community structure, mucus protein and carbohydrate content, and, through a simple laboratory experiment, assess their effects on integrated measures of biofilm abundance. Over 665 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were found across grazers, with significant differences in abundance and composition among grazer species and epilithic biofilms. The pulmonate limpet Siphonaria lessonii and the periwinkle Echinolittorina peruviana shared similar microbiota. The microbiota of the chiton Chiton granosus, keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa, and scurrinid limpet Scurria araucana differed markedly from one another, and form those of the pulmonate limpet and periwinkle. Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidia) and Colwelliaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) were the most common among microbial taxa. Microbial strict specialists were found in only one grazer species. The pedal mucus pH was similar among grazers, but carbohydrate and protein concentrations differed significantly. Yet, differences in mucus composition were not reflected in microbial community structure. Only the pedal mucus of F. crassa and S. lessonii negatively affected the abundance of photosynthetic microorganisms in the biofilm, demonstrating the specificity of the pedal mucus effects on biofilm communities. Thus, the pedal mucus microbiota are distinct among grazer hosts and can affect and interact non-trophically with the epilithic biofilms on which grazers feed, potentially leading to microbial community coalescence mediated by grazer movement. Further studies are needed to unravel the myriad of non-trophic interactions and their reciprocal impacts between macro- and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Arboleda-Baena
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Tabo, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Claudia Belén Pareja
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Isadora Pla
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo De la Iglesia
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sergio Andrés Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Tabo, Chile
- Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro Basal COPAS-COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción
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6
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Canales C, Galarce C, Rubio F, Pineda F, Anguita J, Barros R, Parragué M, Daille LK, Aguirre J, Armijo F, Pizarro GE, Walczak M, De la Iglesia R, Navarrete SA, Vargas IT. Testing the Test: A Comparative Study of Marine Microbial Corrosion under Laboratory and Field Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13496-13507. [PMID: 34056496 PMCID: PMC8158798 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is an aggressive type of corrosion that occurs in aquatic environments and is sparked by the development of a complex biological matrix over a metal surface. In marine environments, MIC is exacerbated by the frequent variability in environmental conditions and the typically high diversity of microbial communities; hence, local and in situ studies are crucial to improve our understanding of biofilm composition, biological interactions among its members, MIC characteristics, and corrosivity. Typically, material performance and anticorrosion strategies are evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions, where natural fluctuations and gradients (e.g., light, temperature, and microbial composition) are not effectively replicated. To determine whether MIC development and material deterioration observed in the laboratory are comparable to those that occur under service conditions (i.e., field conditions), we used two testing setups, in the lab and in the field. Stainless steel (SS) AISI 316L coupons were exposed to southeastern Pacific seawater for 70 days using (i) acrylic tanks in a running seawater laboratory and (ii) an offshore mooring system with experimental frames immersed at two depths (5 and 15 m). Results of electrochemical evaluation, together with those of microbial community analyses and micrographs of formed biofilms, demonstrated that the laboratory setup provides critical information on the early biofilm development process (days), but the information gathered does not predict deterioration or biofouling of SS surfaces exposed to natural conditions in the field. Our results highlight the need to conduct further research efforts to understand how laboratory experiments may better reproduce field conditions where applications are to be deployed, as well as to improve our understanding of the role of eukaryotes and the flux of nutrients and oxygen in marine MIC events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Canales
- Science
Institute & Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
and Computer Science, University of Iceland, Hjardahaga 2, Reykjavík 107, Iceland
| | - Carlos Galarce
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Francisca Rubio
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Fabiola Pineda
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- Centro
de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Javiera Anguita
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Ramón Barros
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. Avda. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Mirtala Parragué
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Estación
Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Osvaldo Marín 1672 Las Cruces, El Tabo 2690931, Chile
| | - Leslie K. Daille
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. Avda. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Javiera Aguirre
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Escuela
de Construcción Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Francisco Armijo
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E. Pizarro
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Magdalena Walczak
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Rodrigo De la Iglesia
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. Avda. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Sergio A. Navarrete
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile. Avda. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Estación
Costera de Investigaciones Marinas, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile, Osvaldo Marín 1672 Las Cruces, El Tabo 2690931, Chile
- Center
for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Ignacio T. Vargas
- Marine
Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Avda. Los Conquistadores 1700, oficina 902, Providencia, Santiago 7520282, Chile
- Facultad
de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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7
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Capão A, Moreira-Filho P, Garcia M, Bitati S, Procópio L. Marine bacterial community analysis on 316L stainless steel coupons by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1431-1448. [PMID: 32472186 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the corrosive action of microorganisms on 316L metal exposed directly to a marine environment, a system was designed to immerse coupons in seawater. After periods of 30, 60 and 90 days, the coupons were recovered, the corrosion rates evaluated and the biofilm samples on their surface were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of the corrosion rate showed an acceleration over the entire experimental period. Alpha diversity measurements showed higher rates after 60 days of the experiment, while abundance measurements showed higher rates after 90 days of exposure to the marine environment. The beta-diversity results showed a clear separation between the three conditions and proximity in the indices between replicates of the same experimental condition. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that after 30 days of exposure to seawater, there was massive representativeness of the pioneer bacteria, Gamma and Alphaproteobacteria, with emphasis on the genera Alcanivorax, Oceanospirillum and Shewanella. At the 60-day analysis, the Gammaproteobacteria class remained dominant, followed by Alphaproteobacteria and Flavobacteria, and the main representatives were Flexibacter and Pseudoalteromonas. In the last analysis, after 90 days, a change in the described bacterial community profile was observed. The Gammaproteobacteria class was still the largest in diversity and OTUs. The most predominant genera in number of OTUs were Alteromonas, Bacteriovorax and, Nautella. Our results describe a change in the microbial community over coupons directly exposed to the marine environment, suggesting a redirection to the formation of a mature biofilm. The conditions created by the biofilm structure suggest said condition favor biocorrosion on the analyzed coupons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Capão
- Microbial Corrosion Laboratory, Estácio University (UNESA), Bispo Street, 83, Room, AG405, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, ZIP Code 20261-063, Brazil
| | - Paulo Moreira-Filho
- Microbial Corrosion Laboratory, Estácio University (UNESA), Bispo Street, 83, Room, AG405, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, ZIP Code 20261-063, Brazil
| | - Maurício Garcia
- Microbial Corrosion Laboratory, Estácio University (UNESA), Bispo Street, 83, Room, AG405, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, ZIP Code 20261-063, Brazil
| | - Suleima Bitati
- Microbial Corrosion Laboratory, Estácio University (UNESA), Bispo Street, 83, Room, AG405, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, ZIP Code 20261-063, Brazil
| | - Luciano Procópio
- Microbial Corrosion Laboratory, Estácio University (UNESA), Bispo Street, 83, Room, AG405, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, ZIP Code 20261-063, Brazil. .,Industrial Microbiology and Bioremediation Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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