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Liu L, Sakai K, Tanaka T, Kusumoto KI. Subcomponents in humic acid structure contribute to the differential responses of Aspergillus oryzae strains to humic acid. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2024; 69:260-269. [PMID: 37468259 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) is a complex natural organic macromolecule, can be decomposed to low-molecular compounds by some soil fungi and then influences the growth of fungi. Aspergillus oryzae is a fungus domesticated from its ancestor, which was supposed to live in soil. Group 3 strains of A. oryzae hold fewer aflatoxin-biosynthetic genes than group 1 strains and may differently response to HA because of the deletion of some genes along with the domestication. However, effect of HA on growth of A. oryzae group 1 and group 3 strains remains unclear. In this study, four strains of A. oryzae in group 1 and four in group 3 were point inoculated on equivalent medium (pH 7.3) with two commercially available HAs. The growth of RIB40 was the most stimulated among group 1 strains and that of RIB143 was the most inhibited among group 3 strains. To identify the basis of these differences, we examined the possible effects of HA subcomponents including polyphenol and minerals on the growth of RIB40 and RIB143. Polyphenol represented by gallic acid (GA), a partial structure common with model HA, and mineral ions including Al 3+ , Ca 2+ , Ti 4+ , Mn 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Ba2+ contributed to stimulating the growth of RIB40, whereas these components generally did not affect the growth of RIB143. Thus, our findings indicate that the sub-compositions of HAs, including GA and several minerals, were the main factors driving the different responses of RIB40 and RIB143 to HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Kanae Sakai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Takumi Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Ken-Ichi Kusumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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Qu S, Chi SD, He ZM. The Development of Aspergillus flavus and Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin B1 are Regulated by the Golgi-Localized Mn 2+ Transporter Pmr1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1276-1291. [PMID: 38179648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms rely on diverse ion transport and trace elements to sustain growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Manganese (Mn2+) is essential for various biological processes and plays a crucial role in the metabolism of human cells, plants, and yeast. In Aspergillus flavus, we confirmed that Pmr1 localized in cis- and medial-Golgi compartments was critical in facilitating Mn2+ transport, fungal growth, development, secondary metabolism, and glycosylation. In comparison to the wild type, the Δpmr1 mutant displayed heightened sensitivity to environmental stress, accompanied by inhibited synthesis of aflatoxin B1, kojic acid, and a substantial reduction in pathogenicity toward peanuts and maize. Interestingly, the addition of exogenous Mn2+ effectively rectified the developmental and secondary metabolic defects in the Δpmr1 mutant. However, Mn2+ supplement failed to restore the growth and development of the Δpmr1Δgdt1 double mutant, which indicated that the Gdt1 compensated for the functional deficiency of pmr1. In addition, our results showed that pmr1 knockout leads to an upregulation of O-glycosyl-N-acetylglucose (O-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), while Mn2+ supplementation can restore the glycosylation in A. flavus. Collectively, this study indicates that the pmr1 regulates Mn2+ via Golgi and maintains growth and metabolism functions of A. flavus through regulation of the glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng-Da Chi
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhu-Mei He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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Wang H, Gao R, Zhang Y, Lu L. The versatility of the putative transient receptor potential ion channels in regulating the calcium signaling in Aspergillus nidulans. mSphere 2023; 8:e0054923. [PMID: 37971274 PMCID: PMC10732042 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00549-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins with non-selective ion permeability, and they are widely distributed in mammals and single-cell yeast and serve as crucial mediators of sensory signals. However, the relevant information concerning TRP channels in Aspergillus nidulans remains inadequately understood. In this study, by gene deletion, green fluorescent protein tagging, and cytosolic Ca2+ transient monitoring techniques, the biological functions of three potential TRP channels (TrpA, TrpB, and TrpC) have been explored for which they play distinct and multiple roles in hyphal growth, conidiation, responsiveness to external stress, and regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The findings of this study on the functions of potential TRP channels in A. nidulans may serve as a valuable reference for understanding the roles of TRP homologs in industrial or medical strains of Aspergillus, as well as in other filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renwei Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Hill TW, Vance S, Loome JF, Haugen BJ, Loprete DM, Stoddard SV, Jackson-Hayes L. A member of the OSCA/TMEM63 family of mechanosensitive calcium channels participates in cell wall integrity maintenance in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103842. [PMID: 37805121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The calF7 mutation in Aspergillus nidulans causes hypersensitivity to the cell wall compromising agents Calcofluor White (CFW) and Congo Red. In this research we demonstrate that the calF7 mutation resides in gene AN2880, encoding a predicted member of the OSCA/TMEM63 family of transmembrane glycoproteins. Those members of the family whose physiological functions have been investigated have been shown to act as mechanosensitive calcium transport channels. Deletion of AN2880 replicates the CFW hypersensitivity phenotype. Separately, we show that CFW hypersensitivity of calF deletion strains can be overcome by inclusion of elevated levels of extracellular calcium ions in the growth medium, and, correspondingly, wild type strains grown in media deficient in calcium ions are no longer resistant to CFW. These observations support a model in which accommodation to at least some forms of cell wall stress is mediated by a calcium ion signaling system in which the AN2880 gene product plays a role. The genetic lesion in calF7 is predicted to result in a glycine-to-arginine substitution at position 638 of the 945-residue CalF protein in a region of the RSN1_7TM domain that is highly conserved amongst filamentous fungi. Homology modeling predicts that the consequence of a G638R substitution is to structurally occlude the principal conductance pore in the protein. GFP-tagged wild type CalF localizes principally to the Spitzenkörper and the plasma membrane at growing tips and forming septa. However, both septation and hyphal morphology appear to be normal in calF7 and AN2880 deletion strains, indicating that any role played by CalF in normal hyphal growth and cytokinesis is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Hill
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Stanley Vance
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Jennifer F Loome
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Benard J Haugen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Darlene M Loprete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Shana V Stoddard
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Loretta Jackson-Hayes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
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Yang Y, Xie P, Li Y, Bi Y, Prusky DB. Updating Insights into the Regulatory Mechanisms of Calcineurin-Activated Transcription Factor Crz1 in Pathogenic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101082. [PMID: 36294647 PMCID: PMC9604740 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+, as a second messenger in cells, enables organisms to adapt to different environmental stresses by rapidly sensing and responding to external stimuli. In recent years, the Ca2+ mediated calcium signaling pathway has been studied systematically in various mammals and fungi, indicating that the pathway is conserved among organisms. The pathway consists mainly of complex Ca2+ channel proteins, calcium pumps, Ca2+ transporters and many related proteins. Crz1, a transcription factor downstream of the calcium signaling pathway, participates in regulating cell survival, ion homeostasis, infection structure development, cell wall integrity and virulence. This review briefly summarizes the Ca2+ mediated calcium signaling pathway and regulatory roles in plant pathogenic fungi. Based on discussing the structure and localization of transcription factor Crz1, we focus on the regulatory role of Crz1 on growth and development, stress response, pathogenicity of pathogenic fungi and its regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, we explore the cross-talk between Crz1 and other signaling pathways. Combined with the important role and pathogenic mechanism of Crz1 in fungi, the new strategies in which Crz1 may be used as a target to explore disease control in practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengdong Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yang Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dov B. Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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Kück U. Special Issue “Signal Transductions in Fungi”. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050528. [PMID: 35628783 PMCID: PMC9146876 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In all living organisms, extracellular signals are translated into specific responses through signal transduction processes [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kück
- Allgemeine & Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-University, 44797 Bochum, Germany
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