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Seong GU, Yun DY, Shin DH, Cho JS, Park SK, Choi JH, Park KJ, Lim JH. NMR-Based Metabolomic Analysis of Biotic Stress Responses in the Traditional Korean Landrace Red Pepper ( Capsicum annuum var. annuum, cv. Subicho). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9903. [PMID: 39337392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Korean landrace red peppers (Capsicum annuum var. Subicho), such as the traditional representative Subicho variety, are integral to Korean foods and are often consumed raw or used as a dried powder for cuisine. However, the known vulnerability of local varieties of landrace to biotic stresses can compromise their quality and yield. We employed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with a multivariate analysis to uncover and compare the metabolomic profiles of healthy and biotic-stressed Subicho peppers. We identified 42 metabolites, with significant differences between the groups. The biotic-stressed Subicho red peppers exhibited lower sucrose levels but heightened concentrations of amino acids, particularly branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine), suggesting a robust stress resistance mechanism. The biotic-stressed red peppers had increased levels of TCA cycle intermediates (acetic, citric, and succinic acids), nitrogen metabolism-related compounds (alanine, asparagine, and aspartic acid), aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), and γ-aminobutyric acid. These findings reveal the unique metabolic adaptations of the Subicho variety, underscoring its potential resilience to biotic stresses. This novel insight into the stress response of the traditional Subicho pepper can inform strategies for developing targeted breeding programs and enhancing the quality and economic returns in the pepper and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Un Seong
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Yun
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Shin
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Cho
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Choi
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Jai Park
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Lim
- Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
- Smart Food Manufacturing Project Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si 55365, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Lu Q, Hafeez R, Ogunyemi SO, Ibrahim E, Ren X, Tian Z, Ruan S, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Li B, Yan J. The response of root-zone soil bacterial community, metabolites, and soil properties of Sanyeqing medicinal plant varieties to anthracnose disease in reclaimed land, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36602. [PMID: 39258202 PMCID: PMC11385761 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To enhance the utilization of reclaimed land, Sanyeqing (SYQ) has been extensively cultivated in Zhejiang province, China. However, the prevalence of anthracnose has significantly hindered SYQ growth, emerging as a primary obstacle to its production. This study aimed to elucidate SYQ's responses to anthracnose in reclaimed land environments by comprehensively analyzing root-zone bacterial community structure, metabolites, and soil properties. Methods The experiment was conducted on reclaimed land in Chun'an, China. In order to evaluate the responses of SYQ to anthracnose, the fresh and dry weight of SYQ tubes, the soil properties, the high-throughput sequencing, and metabolomics assay were carried out. Results Significant differences were observed between an anthracnose-resistant variety (A201714) and an anthracnose-susceptibile variety (B201301). Fresh and dry weight increased 131.53 % and 144.82 % for A201714 compared to B201301.Lacibacterium (39.85 %), Gp6 (21.83 %), Gp5 (21.49 %), and Sphingomonas (18.84 %) were more prevalent, whereas Gp3 (22.71 %), WPS-1 (18.88 %), Gp4 (15.60 %), Subdivision3 (14.70 %), Chryseolinea (14.37 %), and Nitrospira (0.76 %) were less prevalent in A201714 than B201301. A total of 24 bacterial biomarkers were detected in all soil samples, while the network suggests a more stable soil bacterial community in A201714 than in B201301. Eight differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) that belonged to lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, benzenoids, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues were found between two soil samples, and all these eight DEMs were downregulated in A201714 and had a strong correlation with 12 genera of bacteria. Moreover, the data from the redundancy analysis indicated that the main variables affecting changes in the bacterial communities were pH, available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Conclusion This research offers new insights into the SYQ response to anthracnose in reclaimed land and provides valuable recommendations for the high-quality SYQ cultivation and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqing Li
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiujun Lu
- Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Guarantee Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rahila Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Solabomi Olaitan Ogunyemi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ezzeldin Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ren
- Institute of Crop and Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songlin Ruan
- Institute of Crop and Ecology, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianli Yan
- Institute of Vegetable, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Manathunga KK, Gunasekara NW, Meegahakumbura MK, Ratnaweera PB, Faraj TK, Wanasinghe DN. Exploring Endophytic Fungi as Natural Antagonists against Fungal Pathogens of Food Crops. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:606. [PMID: 39330366 PMCID: PMC11433156 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The yield and quality of cultivated food crops are frequently compromised by the prevalent threat from fungal pathogens that can cause widespread damage in both the pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. This paper investigates the challenges posed by fungal pathogens to the sustainability and yield of essential food crops, leading to significant economic and food security repercussions. The paper critiques the long-standing reliance on synthetic fungicides, emphasizing the environmental and health concerns arising from their widespread and occasionally inappropriate use. In response, the paper explores the potential of biological control agents, specifically endophytic fungi in advancing sustainable agricultural practices. Through their diverse symbiotic relationships with host plants, these fungi exhibit strong antagonistic capabilities against phytopathogenic fungi by producing various bioactive compounds and promoting plant growth. The review elaborates on the direct and indirect mechanisms of endophytic antagonism, such as antibiosis, mycoparasitism, induction of host resistance, and competition for resources, which collectively contribute to inhibiting pathogenic fungal growth. This paper consolidates the crucial role of endophytic fungi, i.e., Acremonium, Alternaria, Arthrinium, Aspergillus, Botryosphaeria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Cevidencealdinia, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Muscodor, Nigrospora, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phomopsis, Pichia, Pochonia, Pythium, Ramichloridium, Rosellinia, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, Wickerhamomyces, and Xylaria, in biological control, supported by the evidence drawn from more than 200 research publications. The paper pays particular attention to Muscodor, Penicillium, and Trichoderma as prominent antagonists. It also emphasizes the need for future genetic-level research to enhance the application of endophytes in biocontrol strategies aiming to highlight the importance of endophytic fungi in facilitating the transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudu K. Manathunga
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka; (K.K.M.); (P.B.R.)
| | - Niranjan W. Gunasekara
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Muditha K. Meegahakumbura
- Department of Export Agriculture, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka;
| | - Pamoda B. Ratnaweera
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka; (K.K.M.); (P.B.R.)
| | - Turki Kh. Faraj
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
- Honghe Center for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe 654400, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Bao Z, Hao J, Ma X, Jia C, Liu M, Wei D, Yang S, Qin J. A Novel Preservative Film with a Pleated Surface Structure and Dual Bioactivity Properties for Application in Strawberry Preservation due to Its Efficient Apoptosis of Pathogenic Fungal Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18027-18044. [PMID: 39078084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides) were isolated from the decaying strawberry tissue. The antifungal properties of Monarda didyma essential oil (MEO) and its nanoemulsion were confirmed, demonstrating complete inhibition of the pathogens at concentrations of 0.45 μL/mL (0.37 mg/mL) and 10 μL/mL, respectively. Thymol, a primary component of MEO, was determined as an antimicrobial agent with IC50 values of 34.51 (B. cinerea) and 53.40 (C. gloeosporioides) μg/mL. Hippophae rhamnoides oil (HEO) was confirmed as a potent antioxidant, leading to the development of a thymol-HEO-chitosan film designed to act as an antistaling agent. The disease index and weight loss rate can be reduced by 90 and 60%, respectively, with nutrients also being well-preserved, offering an innovative approach to preservative development. Studies on the antifungal mechanism revealed that thymol could bind to FKS1 to disrupt the cell wall, causing the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and a burst of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kehan Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhenyan Bao
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jianan Hao
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chengguo Jia
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Dongsheng Wei
- Department of Biology, Institute of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 21031, Germany
| | - Shengxiang Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianchun Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases/Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Jilin University, Shenzhen 518066, China
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Peralta-Ruiz Y, Molina Hernandez JB, Grande-Tovar CD, Serio A, Valbonetti L, Chaves-López C. Antifungal Mechanism of Ruta graveolens Essential Oil: A Colombian Traditional Alternative against Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Molecules 2024; 29:3516. [PMID: 39124920 PMCID: PMC11314608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report for the first time on the mechanisms of action of the essential oil of Ruta graveolens (REO) against the plant pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In particular, the presence of REO drastically affected the morphology of hyphae by inducing changes in the cytoplasmic membrane, such as depolarization and changes in the fatty acid profile where straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased by up to 92.1%. In addition, REO induced changes in fungal metabolism and triggered apoptosis-like responses to cell death, such as DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production of essential enzymes involved in fungal metabolism, such as acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, was significantly reduced in the presence of REO. In addition, C. gloeosporioides activated naphthol-As-BI phosphohydrolase as a mechanism of response to REO stress. The data obtained here have shown that the essential oil of Ruta graveolens has a strong antifungal effect on C. gloeosporioides. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as a surface disinfectant and as a viable replacement for fungicides commonly used to treat anthracnose in the postharvest testing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimmy Peralta-Ruiz
- Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
| | - Junior Bernardo Molina Hernandez
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia;
| | - Annalisa Serio
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (J.B.M.H.); (A.S.); (L.V.)
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Cenobio-Galindo ADJ, Hernández-Fuentes AD, González-Lemus U, Zaldívar-Ortega AK, González-Montiel L, Madariaga-Navarrete A, Hernández-Soto I. Biofungicides Based on Plant Extracts: On the Road to Organic Farming. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6879. [PMID: 38999990 PMCID: PMC11241162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for diseases in commercially important crops and cause major supply problems in the global food chain. Plants were able to protect themselves from disease before humans played an active role in protecting plants. They are known to synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites (SMs), such as terpenes, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, which can be extracted using conventional and unconventional techniques to formulate biofungicides; plant extracts have antifungal activity and various mechanisms of action against these organisms. In addition, they are considered non-phytotoxic and potentially effective in disease control. They are a sustainable and economically viable alternative for use in agriculture, which is why biofungicides are increasingly recognized as an attractive option to solve the problems caused by synthetic fungicides. Currently, organic farming continues to grow, highlighting the importance of developing environmentally friendly alternatives for crop production. This review provides a compilation of the literature on biosynthesis, mechanisms of action of secondary metabolites against phytopathogens, extraction techniques and formulation of biofungicides, biological activity of plant extracts on phytopathogenic fungi, regulation, advantages, disadvantages and an overview of the current use of biofungicides in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio de Jesús Cenobio-Galindo
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.d.J.C.-G.); (A.D.H.-F.); (U.G.-L.); (A.K.Z.-O.); (A.M.-N.)
| | - Alma Delia Hernández-Fuentes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.d.J.C.-G.); (A.D.H.-F.); (U.G.-L.); (A.K.Z.-O.); (A.M.-N.)
| | - Uriel González-Lemus
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.d.J.C.-G.); (A.D.H.-F.); (U.G.-L.); (A.K.Z.-O.); (A.M.-N.)
| | - Ana Karen Zaldívar-Ortega
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.d.J.C.-G.); (A.D.H.-F.); (U.G.-L.); (A.K.Z.-O.); (A.M.-N.)
| | - Lucio González-Montiel
- Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán de Flores Magón 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.d.J.C.-G.); (A.D.H.-F.); (U.G.-L.); (A.K.Z.-O.); (A.M.-N.)
| | - Iridiam Hernández-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1 Rancho Universitario, Tulancingo 43600, Hidalgo, Mexico; (A.d.J.C.-G.); (A.D.H.-F.); (U.G.-L.); (A.K.Z.-O.); (A.M.-N.)
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Huang SS, Yang HX, He J, Liu JK, Feng T. Discovery of a Biocontrol Strain Trichaptum laricinum: Its Metabolites and Antifungal Activity against Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum anthrisci. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13154-13163. [PMID: 38780776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Finding safe and environmentally friendly fungicides is one of the important strategies in modern pesticide research and development. In this work, the antipathogenic effects of the fungus Trichaptum laricinum against the anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum anthrisci were studied. The EtOAc extract of T. laricinum showed remarkable antifungal activity against C. anthrisci with an inhibition rate of 50% at 256 μg/mL. Bioguided isolation of the cultural broth of T. laricinum produced four new drimane sesquiterpenes, trichalarins A-D (1-4), and six other metabolites (5-10). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods, quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All compounds exhibited antifungal activity against C. anthrisci with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8-64 μg/mL in vitro. Further in vivo assay suggested that compounds 2, 6, and 9 could significantly inhibit C. anthrisci growth in avocado fruit with inhibition rates close to 80% at the concentration of 256 μg/mL, while compounds 2 and 6 had an inhibition rate over 90% at the concentration of 512 μg/mL. The EtOAc extract of T. laricinum had no inhibitory effect on Pinus massoniana seed germination and growth at the concentration of 2 mg/mL, showing good environmental friendliness. Thus, the fungus T. laricinum could be considered as an ideal biocontrol strain, and its metabolites provided a diverse material basis for the antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui-Xiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Juan He
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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Yu YH, Cho YT, Xu YC, Wong ZJ, Tsai YC, Ariyawansa HA. Identifying and Controlling Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum Taxa of Welsh Onion in Sanxing, Taiwan. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1263-1275. [PMID: 38105219 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-23-0301-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaves of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) are subject to various fungal diseases such as anthracnose (Colletotrichum species) and Stemphylium leaf blight (Stemphylium vesicarium). These diseases are the main biotic limitations to Welsh onion production in northern Taiwan. From 2018 to 2020, anthracnose symptoms were observed throughout Welsh onion fields in northern Taiwan, mainly the Sanxing area. In total, 33 strains of Colletotrichum species were isolated from diseased leaves, and major causative agents were identified based on a multilocus phylogenetic analysis using four genomic regions (act, tub2, gapdh, and internal transcribed spacer). Based on this phylogeny, Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of Welsh onion were identified as C. spaethianum (C. spaethianum species complex) and C. circinans (C. dematium species complex) in the Sanxing area, northern Taiwan. To determine and compare the pathogenicity of each species, representative fungal strains of each species were inoculated on the cultivar 'Siao-Lyu' by spraying spore suspension onto the leaf surface. Welsh onion plants were susceptible to both species, but disease incidence and severity were higher in C. spaethianum. In total, 31 fungicides were tested to determine their efficacy in reducing mycelial growth and conidial germination of representative strains of C. spaethianum and C. circinans under laboratory conditions. Five fungicides-fluazinam, metiram, mancozeb, thiram, and dithianon-effectively reduced mycelial growth and spore germination in both C. spaethianum and C. circinans. In contrast, difenoconazole and trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole, which are commonly used in Welsh onion production in northern Taiwan, mainly the Sanxing area, were ineffective. These results serve as valuable insights for growers, enabling them to identify and address the emergence of anthracnose caused by C. spaethianum and C. circinans of Welsh onion, employing fungicides with diverse modes of action. The findings of this study support sustainable management of anthracnose in Sanxing, northern Taiwan, although further field tests of the fungicides are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi-Tun Cho
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Cheng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhang-Jian Wong
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Tsai
- Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hiran A Ariyawansa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang P, Zeng Q, Jiang W, Wang L, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang Q, Li Y. Genome Sequencing and Characterization of Bacillus velezensis N23 as Biocontrol Agent against Plant Pathogens. Microorganisms 2024; 12:294. [PMID: 38399699 PMCID: PMC10892835 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The overuse of chemical fungicides against fungal pathogens adversely affects soil and plant health, resulting in environmental problems and food safety. Therefore, biocontrol is considered as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective green technique in environmental protection and agricultural production. We obtained a bacterial strain N23 from a contaminated plate which showed significant inhibition to anthracnose. The strain N23 was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on 16S rRNA gene, gyrA gene, and whole-genome sequence. The bacterium N23 was able to suppress the mycelial growth of numerous plant pathogenic fungi on solid media. Tomato seeds treated with strain N23 showed significantly higher germination levels than untreated ones. Moreover, strain N23 effectively reduced the lesion area of pepper anthracnose disease in planta. The gene clusters responsible for antifungal metabolites (fengycin, surfactin, and iturin) were identified in the genome sequence of N23 based on genome mining and PCR. Furthermore, methanol extracts of the bacterial culture caused significant inhibition in growth of the fungal Colletotrichum sp. and Botrytis cinerea. These findings suggested that B. velezensis N23 could be a potential biocontrol agent in agricultural production and a source of antimicrobial compounds for further exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.Y.); (Q.Z.); (W.J.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (Z.W.); (Q.W.)
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Zhang C, Zhou Z, Guo T, Huang X, Peng C, Lin Z, Chen M, Liu W. CFHTF2 Is Needed for Vegetative Growth, Conidial Morphogenesis and the Osmotic Stress Response in the Tea Plant Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum fructicola). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2235. [PMID: 38137057 PMCID: PMC10743015 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea is an important cash crop worldwide, and its nutritional value has led to its high economic benefits. Tea anthracnose is a common disease of tea plants that seriously affects food safety and yield and has a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of the tea industry. In this study, phenotypic analysis and pathogenicity analysis were performed on knockout and complement strains of HTF2-the transcriptional regulator of tea anthracnose homeobox-and the pathogenic mechanism of these strains was explored via RNA-seq. The MoHox1 gene sequence of the rice blast fungus was indexed, and the anthracnose genome was searched for CfHTF2. Evolutionary analysis recently reported the affinity of HTF2 for C. fructicola and C. higginsianum. The loss of CfHTF2 slowed the vegetative growth and spore-producing capacity of C. fructicola and weakened its resistance and pathogenesis to adverse conditions. The transcriptome sequencing of wild-type N425 and CfHTF2 deletion mutants was performed, and a total of 3144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, 1594 of which were upregulated and 1550 of which were downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs mainly focused on signaling pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, this study lays a foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism of tea anthracnose and provides a molecular basis for the analysis of the pathogenic molecular mechanism of CfHTF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkang Zhang
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry Biology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tianlong Guo
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry Biology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide and Chemistry Biology, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengbin Peng
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Zhideng Lin
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Meixia Chen
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Industry and University Research Cooperation Demonstration Base of Science and Technology Agency in Fujian Province, College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, China; (C.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.G.); (X.H.); (C.P.); (Z.L.); (M.C.)
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Wang L, Zhu T. Strong Opponent of Walnut Anthracnose- Bacillus velezensis and Its Transcriptome Analysis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1885. [PMID: 37630445 PMCID: PMC10456653 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Walnut is a significant economic tree species worldwide. Walnut anthracnose, caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, greatly reduces walnut production and economic benefits. Our study showed that Bacillus velezensis effectively halted the growth of C. gloeosporioides, inducing noticeable abnormalities such as hyphal breakage and distortion, thereby curtailing the pathogen's virulence. A 50-100 times dilution of B. velezensis fermentation broth, applied every two to three days, served as an efficient protective layer for walnut leaves and fruits against C. gloeosporioides infection. Transcriptomic analysis of B. velezensis unveiled its dynamic response against C. gloeosporioides. On the second day, B. velezensis upregulated a significant number of differentially expressed genes related to the synthesis of metabolic products, amino acid biosynthesis, and motility. On the fourth day, continuous synthesis of metabolic products and amino acids, along with differential expression of spore-related genes, was observed. By the sixth day, the focus shifted towards environmental adaptation and carbon source utilization. Throughout the process, B. velezensis likely employed strategies such as the release of metabolic products, increased chemotaxis, and nutrient competition to exert its antagonistic effect on C. gloeosporioides. Fluorescence quantitative results showed that 15 primer pairs were up-regulated and 15 were down-regulated, with a 100% similarity rate to transcriptome sequencing results, confirming their authenticity. These findings provided a foundation for the widespread application of B. velezensis as a biocontrol agent in agriculture and forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625000, China
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