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Zhang M, Lu H, Xie L, Liu X, Cun D, Yang M. Inhaled RNA drugs to treat lung diseases: Disease-related cells and nano-bio interactions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115144. [PMID: 37995899 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, RNA-based therapies have gained much attention as biomedicines due to their remarkable therapeutic effects with high specificity and potency. Lung diseases offer a variety of currently undruggable but attractive targets that could potentially be treated with RNA drugs. Inhaled RNA drugs for the treatment of lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, have attracted more and more attention. A variety of novel nanoformulations have been designed and attempted for the delivery of RNA drugs to the lung via inhalation. However, the delivery of RNA drugs via inhalation poses several challenges. It includes protection of the stability of RNA molecules, overcoming biological barriers such as mucus and cell membrane to the delivery of RNA molecules to the targeted cytoplasm, escaping endosomal entrapment, and circumventing unwanted immune response etc. To address these challenges, ongoing researches focus on developing innovative nanoparticles to enhance the stability of RNA molecules, improve cellular targeting, enhance cellular uptake and endosomal escape to achieve precise delivery of RNA drugs to the intended lung cells while avoiding unwanted nano-bio interactions and off-target effects. The present review first addresses the pathologic hallmarks of different lung diseases, disease-related cell types in the lung, and promising therapeutic targets in these lung cells. Subsequently we highlight the importance of the nano-bio interactions in the lung that need to be addressed to realize disease-related cell-specific delivery of inhaled RNA drugs. This is followed by a review on the physical and chemical characteristics of inhaled nanoformulations that influence the nano-bio interactions with a focus on surface functionalization. Finally, the challenges in the development of inhaled nanomedicines and some key aspects that need to be considered in the development of future inhaled RNA drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haoyu Lu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Liangkun Xie
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Xulu Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Cun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road No. 103, 110016 Shenyang, China; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Deng L, Jian Z, Xu T, Li F, Deng H, Zhou Y, Lai S, Xu Z, Zhu L. Macrophage Polarization: An Important Candidate Regulator for Lung Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052379. [PMID: 36903624 PMCID: PMC10005642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be polarized into classically activated macrophages (M1) or selectively activated macrophages (M2) in response to local microenvironments. Macrophage polarization involves the regulation of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we focused on the origin of macrophages, the phenotype and polarization of macrophages, as well as the signaling pathways associated with macrophage polarization. We also highlighted the role of macrophage polarization in lung diseases. We intend to enhance the understanding of the functions and immunomodulatory features of macrophages. Based on our review, we believe that targeting macrophage phenotypes is a viable and promising strategy for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Yuancheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 625014, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 625014, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-139-8160-4765 (L.Z.)
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Chuang YC, Wu SY, Huang YC, Peng CK, Tang SE, Huang KL. Cell volume restriction by mercury chloride reduces M1-like inflammatory response of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1074986. [PMID: 36582541 PMCID: PMC9792784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1074986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of macrophages in the pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) sub-phenotypes is a crucial element in several inflammation-related diseases and injuries. We investigated the role of aquaporin (AQP) in macrophage polarization using AQP pan-inhibitor mercury chloride (HgCl2). Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induced the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-9 which increased the cell size of bone marrow-derived macrophages. The inhibition of AQPs by HgCl2 abolished cell size changes and significantly suppressed M1 polarization. HgCl2 significantly reduced the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and inhibited the production of IL-1β. HgCl2 attenuated LPS-induced activation of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species production and autophagy was promoted by HgCl2. The increase in the light chain three II/light chain three I ratio and the reduction in PTEN-induced kinase one expression suggests the recycling of damaged mitochondria and the restoration of mitochondrial activity by HgCl2. In summary, the present study demonstrates a possible mechanism of the AQP inhibitor HgCl2 in macrophage M1 polarization through the restriction of cell volume change, suppression of the p38 MAPK/NFκB pathway, and promotion of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chieh Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Research and Development, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kan Peng
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Kun-Lun Huang,
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Mishra P, Pandey R, Pandey N, Tripathi S, Tripathi YB. Prevention of mortality in acute lung injury induced by oleic acid: Application of polyherbal decoction (bronco T). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003767. [PMID: 36313556 PMCID: PMC9612945 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lethal respiratory disorder; directed uncontrolled inflammation, sloughing of the alveolar cells and their diffusion, and altered cardiorespiratory parameters with a global mortality rate of 40%. This study was designed to assess the preventive effect of a polyherbal decoction (Bronco T, 1.5 g/kg b. w.) on cardiorespiratory variables in oleic acid-induced ALI in rats. Oleic acid increases the level of neutrophil infiltration leading to pulmonary edema and alters the cardiorespiratory dynamics. The adult male rats were surgically cannulated and treated with intravenous oleic acid (0.38 ml/kg b. w.) to establish the ALI model. Bronco T was pre-administered orally 3 hours before oleic acid. The biophysical, histological, biochemical, and molecular effects were compared with dexamethasone (5 mg/kg b. w. i. p.). The animals were randomly divided into control, lethal, standard, and treatment groups. Respiratory frequency (RF), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded on a computerized chart recorder; arterial blood sample was collected to determine PaO2/FiO2, TNF-α, and MPO. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity were evaluated to measure oxidative stress in bronchoalveolar lavage. Additionally, the pulmonary water content, COX-2 expression and histological examination were determined in the lung. A molecular docking study of the active phytoconstituent of BT obtained from HR-LCMS analysis against reported targets (IL-6, COX-2, TNFα, MPO and ENaC) of ALI was carried out. The B.T. pretreatment prevents mortality in comparison to the oleic acid group. It protects the lungs and heart from the detrimental effect of oleic acid, on par with dexamethasone. COX-2 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in the treatment group. The reduced level of TNF-α, MPO, SOD and catalase supported the protective effect of B.T. The in silico study revealed strong binding interaction between the phytoconstituent (Galangin 3- [galactosyl-(1–4)-rhamnoside and Beta solamarine] of BT and the reported target. The B.T. pre-administration attenuates the oleic acid-induced mortality and cardiorespiratory toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ratna Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Suyash Tripathi
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Yamini Bhusan Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Yamini Bhusan Tripathi,
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