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Stringham NT, Green M, Roche W, Prado-Cabrero A, Mulcahy R, Nolan J. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation attenuates inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative cardiovascular processes in humans. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1976-1983. [PMID: 38890092 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Systemic inflammation and oxidation are primary contributors to the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles within the vascular endothelium has been hypothesized to be an initial step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, with inflammatory cytokines serving as the signaling mechanism for concomitant macrophage activation. Supplementation with the antioxidative macular xanthophylls (lutein [L], zeaxanthin [Z], and meso-zeaxanthin [MZ]) has been shown to aid in the reduction of inflammatory physiologic responses; therefore, we hypothesized that in our study population, supplementation with these xanthophylls would facilitate a systemic reduction in markers of inflammation and cardiovascular lipid oxidation. METHODS AND RESULTS In this double-blind placebo-controlled supplementation study, participants were randomly allocated to receive the active intervention containing L (10 mg) + MZ (10 mg) + Z (2 mg) or placebo (containing sunflower oil). Serum concentrations of carotenoids (assessed by HPLC), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and oxidized LDL (OxLDL; by solid-phase sandwich ELISA) were measured at baseline and at 6-months. Results showed that over the supplementation period, compared to placebo, the active group demonstrated statistically significant increases in serum concentrations of L, Z, & MZ (p < 0.05), reductions in inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (p < 0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.003), as well as a corresponding reduction in serum OxLDL (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that L, Z, & MZ supplementation results in decreased serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and OxLDL. This suggests that these carotenoids are acting systemically to attenuate oxidative lipid products and inflammation, thus reducing their contribution to atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Stringham
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland (NRCI), Southeast Technical University, Waterford, Ireland; Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.
| | - Marina Green
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland (NRCI), Southeast Technical University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Warren Roche
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland (NRCI), Southeast Technical University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland (NRCI), Southeast Technical University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Riona Mulcahy
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland (NRCI), Southeast Technical University, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland (NRCI), Southeast Technical University, Waterford, Ireland
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Youn C, Caillaud ML, Li Y, Gallagher IA, Strasser B, Fuchs D, Tanaka H, Haley AP. Association between Large Neutral Amino Acids and Brain Integrity in Middle-Aged Adults at Metabolic Risk. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3951968. [PMID: 38410466 PMCID: PMC10896396 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3951968/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This investigation delves into the interplay between large neutral amino acids (LNAA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in midlife adults, examining their collective influence on brain structure and cognitive function. While LNAA, such as tryptophan and phenylalanine, are known to bolster cognition in youth, our study hypothesizes a reversal of these benefits in older adults with MetS, potentially signaling premature cognitive aging. Eighty participants between 40-61 years underwent MetS component quantification, LNAA measurement via high-performance liquid chromatography, and brain imaging to evaluate white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortical thickness. Our linear regression analysis, adjusting for sex, age, and education, revealed that phenylalanine levels moderated the relationship between MetS and WMH volume (F(6, 69) = 3.134, p < 0.05, R2 = 0.214), suggesting that MetS's cognitive impact may be partly due to phenylalanine catabolism byproducts. However, LNAA metabolites did not significantly modulate the MetS-MTL cortical thickness relationship. The findings suggest that LNAA metabolic dysregulation, marked by elevated levels in the presence of MetS, could correlate with brain structural compromises, particularly in the form of MTL cortical thinning and increased WMH load, detectable in midlife. This nuanced understanding of LNAA's role in cognitive health amid cardiovascular risk factors is pivotal, proposing a potential biomarker for early intervention. Further research is crucial to elucidate the longitudinal influence of LNAA and MetS on brain health, thereby informing strategies to mitigate cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Youn
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Marie L. Caillaud
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yanrong Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Barbara Strasser
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocentre, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Andreana P. Haley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Reszczyńska E, Wiśniewska-Becker A, Duda M, Sęk A, Gruszecki WI, Hanaka A. The presence of free palmitic acid modulates the effects of lutein on structural and dynamic properties of lipid membranes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109883. [PMID: 38211638 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Free fatty acids, like palmitic acid (PA), and xanthophyll pigments, like lutein (LUT) are the natural membrane compounds in plants. To study the effect of PA on LUT and their organization, a model membrane of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) enriched with 2 mol% PA and 1 mol% LUT was formed. Molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between these two compounds were examined with application of molecular spectroscopy techniques, e.g., visible spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared. We determined the monomeric/dimeric organization of LUT in the membrane. We proved that the presence of PA in the lipid phase facilitated and stabilized the formation of LUT structures in the membrane. Lutein with PA did not form strong molecular aggregates like H- and J-structures. We presented the simplified model membrane that could be a suitable representation of the physiological process of de-esterification of PA from LUT appearing in natural biomembranes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093, Lublin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Wiśniewska-Becker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Duda
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7 Street, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Sęk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Square 1, 20-031, Lublin, Poland; The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3 Street, 96-100, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Wiesław I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Square 1, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Andriambelo B, Stiffel M, Roke K, Plourde M. New perspectives on randomized controlled trials with omega-3 fatty acid supplements and cognition: A scoping review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101835. [PMID: 36603691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to be important components in a healthy diet and contribute to healthy functioning of the heart and the brain, among other organs. Although there are epidemiological studies on the strong relationship between fish or n-3 FA consumption and lower risk of cognitive decline, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are less consistent. Here, we performed a scoping review on RCTs with n-3 FA supplementation where cognition was evaluated. Seventy-eight RCTs published before April 2022 were included in this review. Among these RCTs, 43.6% reported a positive cognitive outcome after the consumption of n-3 FA compared to the placebo. However, there was a large diversity of populations studied (age ranges and health status), wide range of doses of EPA + DHA supplemented (79 mg/day - 5200 mg/day) and a multitude of tests evaluating cognition, mainly diagnostic tests, that were used to assess cognitive scores and overall cognitive status. RCTs were thereafter categorized into non-cognitively impaired middle-aged adults (n = 24), non-cognitively impaired older adults (n = 24), adults with subjective memory complaints (n = 14), adults with mild cognitive impairments (MCI, n = 9) and people with diagnosed dementia or other cognitive changes (n = 7). Among these categories, 66.7% of RCTs conducted with MCI adults reported a positive cognitive outcome when supplemented with n-3 FA vs. the placebo. Therefore, this scoping review provides rationale and questions to a) strengthen the design of future RCTs with n-3 FA for cognitive outcomes, and b) generate more informative data to support clinicians in their practice in assessing cognition before and after a nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andriambelo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - M Stiffel
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - K Roke
- GOED- Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M Plourde
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada.
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Nolan JM, Power R, Howard AN, Bergin P, Roche W, Prado-Cabrero A, Pope G, Cooke J, Power T, Mulcahy R. Supplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:233-249. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Preliminary work by our center has reported behavior and functional benefits in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) following targeted micronutritional supplementation. Objective: To build on the existing exploratory research and investigate the impact of these micronutrients on the natural progression of AD in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients with mild-moderate AD consumed daily 1 g fish oil (of which 500 mg DHA, 150 mg EPA), 22 mg carotenoids (10 mg lutein, 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin, 2 mg zeaxanthin), and 15 mg vitamin E or placebo for 12 months in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Carotenoids, ω-3FAs, and vitamin E were quantified in blood. Carotenoids were also measured in skin. AD severity was measured using the mini-mental state examination and dementia severity rating scale tools. Behavior, mood, and memory were measured using an informant-based questionnaire. Results: Following 12 months of supplementation, the active group (n = 50) compared to the placebo group (n = 27), demonstrated statistically significant improvements in skin carotenoid measurements, blood carotenoids, ω-3FAs, and vitamin E concentrations (p < 0.05, for all). The active group also performed better in objective measures of AD severity (i.e., memory and mood), with a statistically significant difference reported in the clinical collateral for memory (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Exponential increases in the prevalence of AD and its relentless progressive nature is driving the need for interventions that help to ameliorate symptoms and improve quality of life in AD patients. Given the positive outcomes demonstrated in this trial, this combined micronutrient dietary supplement should be considered in the overall management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Paula Bergin
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Warren Roche
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - George Pope
- Age-Related Care Unit, Health Service Executive, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John Cooke
- Age-Related Care Unit, Health Service Executive, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tommy Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ríona Mulcahy
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, South East Technological University, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
- Age-Related Care Unit, Health Service Executive, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore Road, Waterford, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Saint Peter’s, Dublin, Ireland
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Health Benefits, Food Applications, and Sustainability of MI-Croalgae-Derived N-3 Pufa. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131883. [PMID: 35804698 PMCID: PMC9265382 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Today’s consumers are increasingly aware of the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA in preventing, delaying, and intervening various diseases, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and many other ailments. The role of n-3 PUFA on aging and cognitive function is also one of the hot topics in basic research, product development, and clinical applications. For decades, n-3 PUFA, especially EPA and DHA, have been supplied by fish oil and seafood. With the continuous increase of global population, awareness about the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, and socioeconomic improvement worldwide, the supply chain is facing increasing challenges of insufficient production. In this regard, microalgae have been well considered as promising sources of n-3 PUFA oil to mitigate the supply shortages. The use of microalgae to produce n-3 PUFA-rich oils has been explored for over two decades and some species have already been used commercially to produce n-3 PUFA, in particular EPA- and/or DHA-rich oils. In addition to n-3 PUFA, microalgae biomass contains many other high value biomolecules, which can be used in food, dietary supplement, pharmaceutical ingredient, and feedstock. The present review covers the health benefits of n-3 PUFA, EPA, and DHA, with particular attention given to the various approaches attempted in the nutritional interventions using EPA and DHA alone or combined with other nutrients and bioactive compounds towards improved health conditions in people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. It also covers the applications of microalgae n-3 PUFA in food and dietary supplement sectors and the economic and environmental sustainability of using microalgae as a platform for n-3 PUFA-rich oil production.
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Wang H, Wang G, Billings R, Li D, Haase SR, Wheeler PF, Vance DE, Li W. Can Diet Supplements of Macular Pigment of Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Meso-zeaxanthin Affect Cognition? J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:1079-1087. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) are collectively called macular pigment. MZ can be converted from L in the macula. In the recent decade, many studies have been performed to investigate the effects for taking carotenoids, especially L and Z or L, Z, and MZ, as diet supplements on human health. Objective: We examined if diet supplements of L + Z or L + Z + MZ have effects on cognitive function in adults. Methods: A systemic literature search was performed in March 2021 with the following keywords: lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, cognition, cognitive, and macular pigment. The searched databases included Medline EBSCOhost, Scopus, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Findings from eight clinical trials were presented as the strongest evidence on the studied topic. Results: Most studies have found that macular pigments (L + Z) in blood or macula are positively correlated with cognitive performance. As an index of the amount of macular pigments in the brain, macular pigment optical density is related to cognitive performance in adults. In addition, there is an inverse relationship between a higher amount of macular pigment in the blood and lower risk of mild cognitive impairments or Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the findings from the clinical trials, diet supplements of L + Z or L + Z + MZ are associated with improved cognition in adults. Conclusion: The diet supplements of L + Z or L + Z+MZ are associated with better cognitive functioning, which may be via their beneficial effects on the vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Henan Chinese Medicine University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rebecca Billings
- UAB Libraries, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Daniel Li
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shakaye R. Haase
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pariya F. Wheeler
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David E. Vance
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wei Li
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Metabolic Syndrome, Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Diet: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020333. [PMID: 35057514 PMCID: PMC8780484 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This narrative review presents the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with its components, and cognition-related disorders, as well as the potential reversal role of diet against cognitive impairment by modulating MetS. Methods: An electronic research in Medline (Pubmed) and Scopus was conducted. Results: MetS and cognitive decline share common cardiometabolic pathways as MetS components can trigger cognitive impairment. On the other side, the risk factors for both MetS and cognitive impairment can be reduced by optimizing the nutritional intake. Clinical manifestations such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and increased central body adiposity are nutrition-related risk factors present during the prodromal period before cognitive impairment. The Mediterranean dietary pattern stands among the most discussed predominantly plant-based diets in relation to cardiometabolic disorders that may prevent dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and other cognition-related disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the consumption of specific dietary food groups as a part of the overall diet can improve cognitive outcomes, maybe due to their involvement in cardiometabolic paths. Conclusions: Early MetS detection may be helpful to prevent or delay cognitive decline. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of healthy nutritional habits to reverse such conditions and the urgency of early lifestyle interventions.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cell senescence is implicated in numerous age-related conditions. Antiageing therapies and nutritional approaches have been researched for purposes of removing senescent cells (senolytics) to treat or prevent age-related diseases, such as cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. In this updated review, we examined the evidence from the last 18 months regarding nutrition senolytics, with a focus on cognitive ageing among older adults. RECENT FINDINGS Overall, 19 systematic reviews and 17 intervention studies were included. Studies failed to provide evidence of nutritional senolytic agents or senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) suppressors, for oral supplements providing beneficial effects on cognitive ageing among older adults. The protective role of food sources such as berries and nuts, and dietary patterns of Mediterranean diet and Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet against cognitive decline or risk of dementia have been mostly supported by recent studies. SUMMARY The present review gathered additional evidence for both oral supplements and foods/diets rich in nutritional senolytic agents or SASP suppressors on cognitive health among older adults. In pursuing antiageing strategies, the importance of whole foods and healthy diets should not be overlooked, future studies are warranted on long-term effects and cytotoxicity of nutritional senolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales
| | - Fiona O'Leary
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Green-Gomez M, Moran R, Stringham J, Hernández-Alcaraz C, Mendoza-Herrera K, Fromow-Guerra JJ, Prado-Cabrero A, Nolan J. Environmental and Nutritional Determinants of Macular Pigment in a Mexican Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:18. [PMID: 34241622 PMCID: PMC8288050 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.9.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin deposit at the macula as macular pigment (MP) and provide visual benefits and protection against macular diseases. The present study investigated MP, its nutritional and environmental determinants, and its constituent carotenoids in serum from a Mexican sample, in healthy participants and with metabolic diseases. Additionally, we compared these variables with an Irish sample. Methods MP was measured in 215 subjects from a rural community in Mexico with dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging reported as MP optical volume (MPOV). Dietary intake and serum concentrations of L and Z were evaluated. Results The mean MPOV was 8429 (95% confidence interval, 8060-8797); range. 1171-15,976. The mean L and Z serum concentrations were 0.25 ± 0.15 µmol/L and 0.09 ± 0.04 µmol/L, respectively. The MPOV was positively correlated with L and Z serum concentrations (r = 0.347; P < 0.001 and r = 0.311; P < 0.001, respectively), but not with L + Z dietary estimates. Subjects with daily sunlight exposure of more than 50% were found to have significantly higher MPOV than those with less than 50% (P = 0.005). MPOV and serum concentrations of L and Z were significantly higher in the Mexican sample compared with the Irish sample, but this difference was not reflected in dietary analysis. Conclusions These new data from a Mexican sample provide evidence of the multifactorial interactions and environmental determinants of MP such as sunlight exposure and dietary patterns. These findings will be essential for future studies in Mexico for eye health, visual function, and ocular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Green-Gomez
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - James Stringham
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Cesar Hernández-Alcaraz
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Kenny Mendoza-Herrera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - J Jans Fromow-Guerra
- Retina Division, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México I.A.P., México City, México
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Where Do We Stand and Where Are We Going? J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040238. [PMID: 33233492 PMCID: PMC7711725 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative and progressive disorder representing the most common form of dementia in older adults [...].
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Keegan CN, Johnston CA, Cardenas VJ, Vaughan EM. Evaluating the Impact of Telehealth-Based, Diabetes Medication Training for Community Health Workers on Glycemic Control. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E121. [PMID: 32932865 PMCID: PMC7564547 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been instrumental in improving patient outcomes. However, CHW training largely focuses on general diabetes concepts rather than medications. Providing accessible, diabetes medication training for CHWs has the potential to increase patient understanding, personalized care, and adherence, thereby improving outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a telehealth-based diabetes medication training for CHWs on patient outcomes as measured by HbA1c changes. METHODS We provided a 12-month weekly, telehealth (videoconference) medication training for CHWs who led 6-month diabetes programs for low-income Latino(a)s in community clinics. We measured participant HbA1c (primary outcome), blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) changes. We evaluated CHW knowledge via two pre/post-tests: medication adverse events/side effects (TEST-1, months 1-6) and dosing, titration, and emergencies (TEST-2, months 7-12). We assessed CHW training application by their ability to identify patient, provider, and healthcare system medication barriers. RESULTS Participants' (n = 55) HbA1c improved (9.0% (75 mmol/mol) to 7.8% (62 mmol/mol) (p = 0.001)). Blood pressure and BMI changes were not significant. CHWs improved their knowledge: TEST-1: 10.5-18.2/20.0 (p = 0.002), TEST-2: 10.3-17.3/19.0 (p = 0.0019). CHWs identified 984 patients (n = 610), providers (n = 151), and healthcare systems (n = 223) medication barriers during the 12-month training. CONCLUSIONS Providing a telehealth-based, diabetes medication training program for CHWs allowed a personalized approach to identify barriers to care at several levels, which was associated with significant participant HbA1c reductions and improved CHW knowledge. This is a promising cost-effective, culturally sensitive strategy to improve diabetes care. Larger longitudinal evaluations are needed to fully understand the impact of CHW medication training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey N. Keegan
- School of Health Professions, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Craig A. Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA;
| | - Victor J. Cardenas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
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Green-Gomez M, Prado-Cabrero A, Moran R, Power T, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Stack J, Nolan JM. The Impact of Formulation on Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin Bioavailability: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E767. [PMID: 32824736 PMCID: PMC7463514 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) have been the focus of research and commercial interest for their applications in human health. Research into formulations to enhance their bioavailability is merited. This 6 month randomised placebo-controlled trial involving 81 healthy volunteers compared the bioavailability of different formulations of free L, Z, and MZ in sunflower or omega-3 oil versus L, Z, and MZ diacetates (Ld, Zd, and MZd) in a micromicellar formulation. Fasting serum carotenoids, macular pigment, and skin carotenoid score were analysed at baseline and 6 months. Serum L, Z, and MZ concentrations increased in all active interventions compared to placebo (p < 0.001 to p = 0.008). The diacetate micromicelle formulation exhibited a significantly higher mean response in serum concentrations of Z and MZ compared to the other active interventions (p = 0.002 to 0.019). A micromicellar formulation with solubilised Z and MZ diacetates is a promising technology advancement that enhances the bioavailability of these carotenoids when compared to traditional carotenoid formulations (ISRCTN clinical trial registration number: ISRCTN18206561).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Green-Gomez
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Alfonso Prado-Cabrero
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Rachel Moran
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Tommy Power
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Jim Stack
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
| | - John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Sciences, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology West Campus, X91 X236 Waterford, Ireland; (M.G.-G.); (A.P.-C.); (R.M.); (T.P.); (J.S.)
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