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Devianto LA, Amarasiri M, Wang L, Iizuka T, Sano D. Identification of protein biomarkers in wastewater linked to the incidence of COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175649. [PMID: 39168326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiological (WBE) surveillance is a viable disease surveillance technique capable of monitoring the spread of infectious disease agents in sewershed communities. In addition to detecting viral genomes in wastewater, WBE surveillance can identify other endogenous biomarkers that are significantly elevated and excreted in the saliva, urine, and/or stool of infected individuals. Human protein biomarkers allow the realization of real-time WBE surveillance using highly sensitive biosensors. In this study, we analyzed endogenous protein biomarkers present in wastewater influent through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry and scaffold data-independent acquisition to identify candidate target protein biomarkers for WBE surveillance of SARS-CoV-2. We found that out of the 1382 proteins observed in the wastewater samples, 44 were human proteins associated with infectious diseases. These included immune response substances such as immunoglobulins, cytokine-chemokines, and complements, as well as proteins belonging to antimicrobial and antiviral groups. A significant correlation was observed between the intensity of human infectious disease-related protein biomarkers in wastewater and COVID-19 case numbers. Real-time WBE surveillance using biosensors targeting immune response proteins, such as antibodies or immunoglobulins, in wastewater holds promise for expediting the implementation of relevant policies for the effective prevention of infectious diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhur Akbar Devianto
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Mohan Amarasiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Luyao Wang
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takehito Iizuka
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Wastewater Information Research Center, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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2
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Caruso C, Ciasca G, Baglivo I, Di Santo R, Gasbarrini A, Firinu D, Bagnasco D, Passalacqua G, Schiappoli M, Caminati M, Canonica GW, Heffler E, Crimi C, Intravaia R, Basile V, Marino M, Colantuono S, Del Giacco S. Immunoglobulin free light chains in severe asthma patient: Could they be a new biomarker? Allergy 2024; 79:2414-2422. [PMID: 38425088 DOI: 10.1111/all.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence is available about the presence of increased serum concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) free light chains (FLCs) in both atopic and non-atopic inflammatory diseases, including severe asthma, providing a possible new biomarker of disease. METHODS We analyzed clinical and laboratory data, including FLCs, obtained from a cohort of 79 asthmatic subjects, clinically classified into different GINA steps. A control group of 40 age-matched healthy donors (HD) was considered. Particularly, HD have been selected according to the absence of monoclonal components (in order to exclude paraproteinemias), were tested for total IgE (that were in the normal ranges) and were negative for aeroallergens specific IgE. Moreover, no abnormality of common inflammatory markers (i.e., erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein) was detectable. RESULTS FLC-k levels were significantly increased in the asthmatic population, compared to the control group. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in FLC-λ levels, the FLC-k/FLC-λ ratio displayed remarkable differences between the two groups. A positive correlation between FLC-κ and FLC-λ levels was found. FLC- λ level displayed a significant negative correlation with the FEV1 value. Moreover, the FLC-κ /FLC- λ ratio was negatively correlated with the SNOT-22 score and a positive correlation was observed between FLCs and Staphylococcus Aureus IgE enterotoxins sensitization. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the role of FLCs in asthma as a potential biomarker in an inflammatory disease characterized by different endotypes and phenotypes. In particular, FLC-κ and FLC-k/FLC-λ ratio could be a qualitative indicator for asthma, while FLC-λ levels could be a quantitative indicator for clinical severity parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- UOSD DH Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - I Baglivo
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - R Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - D Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Schiappoli
- Allergy and Asthma Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - M Caminati
- Department of Medicine, Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G W Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy-IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - E Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy-IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - C Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco" University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - R Intravaia
- Unit of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - V Basile
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Department of research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Marino
- Sezione di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Colantuono
- UOSD DH Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - S Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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3
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Di Santo R, Verdelli F, Niccolini B, Varca S, Gaudio AD, Di Giacinto F, De Spirito M, Pea M, Giovine E, Notargiacomo A, Ortolani M, Di Gaspare A, Baldi A, Pizzolante F, Ciasca G. Exploring novel circulating biomarkers for liver cancer through extracellular vesicle characterization with infrared spectroscopy and plasmonics. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1319:342959. [PMID: 39122286 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, with cirrhosis being a major risk factor. Traditional blood markers like alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) demonstrate limited efficacy in distinguishing between HCC and cirrhosis, underscoring the need for more effective diagnostic methodologies. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising candidates; however, their practical diagnostic application is restricted by the current lack of label-free methods to accurately profile their molecular content. To address this gap, our study explores the potential of mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy, both alone and in combination with plasmonic nanostructures, to detect and characterize circulating EVs. RESULTS EVs were extracted from HCC and cirrhotic patients. Mid-IR spectroscopy in the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) mode was utilized to identify potential signatures for patient classification, highlighting significant changes in the Amide I-II region (1475-1700 cm-1). This signature demonstrated diagnostic performance comparable to AFP and surpassed it when the two markers were combined. Further investigations utilized a plasmonic metasurface suitable for ultrasensitive spectroscopy within this spectral range. This device consists of two sets of parallel rod-shaped gold nanoantennas (NAs); the longer NAs produced an intense near-field amplification in the Amide I-II bands, while the shorter NAs were utilized to provide a sharp reflectivity edge at 1800-2200 cm-1 for EV mass-sensing. A clinically relevant subpopulation of EVs was targeted by conjugating NAs with an antibody specific to Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM). This methodology enabled the detection of variations in the quantity of EpCAM-presenting EVs and revealed changes in the Amide I-II lineshape. SIGNIFICANCE The presented results can positively impact the development of novel laboratory methods for the label-free characterization of EVs, based on the combination between mid-IR spectroscopy and plasmonics. Additionally, data obtained by using HCC and cirrhotic subjects as a model system, suggest that this approach could be adapted for monitoring these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore & Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, della salute e delle Professioni sanitarie, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
| | - F Verdelli
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven 5600 HH, The Netherlands
| | - B Niccolini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore & Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Varca
- UOC of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - A Del Gaudio
- UOC of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - F Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore & Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore & Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Pea
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IFN-CNR, Via Del Fosso Del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - E Giovine
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IFN-CNR, Via Del Fosso Del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - A Notargiacomo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IFN-CNR, Via Del Fosso Del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - M Ortolani
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Gaspare
- NEST, CNR - Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Baldi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F Pizzolante
- UOC of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore & Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Matteo MV, Bove V, Ciasca G, Carlino G, Di Santo R, Vinti L, Polidori G, Pontecorvi V, Papi M, Spada C, Boškoski I. Success Predictors of Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1496-1504. [PMID: 38451369 PMCID: PMC11031450 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive procedure that proved to be safe and effective in obesity treatment. However, not all subjects respond to treatment in the same way, and, with a view to personalized care, it is essential to identify predictors of success or failure. METHODS A retrospective 2-year followed-up cohort of ESG subjects was analyzed to investigate the presence of any baseline or early indicators of long-term optimal or suboptimal ESG outcomes. RESULTS A total of 315 subjects (73% women) were included, with 73% of patients exhibiting an Excess weight loss percentage (%EWL) >25% at the 24 months. Neither demographic parameters (age and sex), smoking habits, and menopause in women nor the presence of comorbidities proved potential predictive value. Interestingly, the %EWL at 1 month after ESG was the strongest predictor of 24-month therapeutic success. Subsequently, we estimated an "early threshold for success" for 1 month-%EWL by employing Youden's index method. CONCLUSIONS ESG is a safe and effective bariatric treatment that can be offered to a wide range of subjects. Early weight loss seems to impact long-term ESG results significantly and may allow proper early post-operative care optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valeria Matteo
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bove
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carlino
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Laila Vinti
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Polidori
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Pontecorvi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Spada
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy.
| | - Ivo Boškoski
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Roma, Italy
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5
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Di Santo R, Niccolini B, Romanò S, Vaccaro M, Di Giacinto F, De Spirito M, Ciasca G. Advancements in Mid-Infrared spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123346. [PMID: 37774583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid vesicles secreted by all cells into the extracellular space and act as nanosized biological messengers among cells. They carry a specific molecular cargo, composed of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, which reflects the state of their parent cells. Due to their remarkable structural and compositional heterogeneity, characterizing EVs, particularly from a biochemical perspective, presents complex challenges. In this context, mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy is emerging as a valuable tool, providing researchers with a comprehensive and label-free spectral fingerprint of EVs in terms of their specific molecular content. This review aims to provide an up-to-date critical overview of the major advancements in mid-IR spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles, encompassing both fundamental and applied research achievements. We also systematically emphasize the new possibilities offered by the integration of emerging cutting-edge IR technologies, such as tip-enhanced and surface-enhanced spectroscopy approaches, along with the growing use of machine learning for data analysis and spectral interpretation. Additionally, to assist researchers in navigating this intricate subject, our manuscript includes a wide and detailed collection of the spectral peaks that have been assigned to EV molecular constituents up to now in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Niccolini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vaccaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Rajoria S, Halder A, Tarnekar I, Pal P, Bansal P, Srivastava S. Detection of Mutant Peptides of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by LC/MS in the DDA Approach Using an In-House Database. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1816-1827. [PMID: 37093804 PMCID: PMC10152398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Equipped with a dramatically high mutation rate, which happens to be a signature of RNA viruses, SARS-CoV-2 trampled across the globe infecting individuals of all ages and ethnicities. As the variants of concern (VOC) loomed large, definitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 strains became a matter of utmost importance in epidemiological and clinical research. Besides, unveiling the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level and deciphering the therapeutic targets became key priorities since the emergence of the pandemic. Mass spectrometry has been largely used in this regard. A critical part of mass spectrometric analyses is the proteome database required for the identification of peptides. Presently, the mutational information on proteins available on SARS-CoV-2 databases cannot be used to analyze data extracted from mass spectrometers. Hence, we developed the novel Mutant Peptide Database (MPD) for the mass spectrometry (MS)-based identification of mutated peptides, which contains information from 11 proteins of SARS-CoV-2 from a total of 21,549 SARS-CoV-2 variants across different regions of India. The database was validated using clinical samples, and its applicability was also demonstrated with the mutated peptides extracted from the literature. We believe that MPD will support broad-spectrum MS-based studies like viral detection, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutics with respect to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Rajoria
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Ankit Halder
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Ishita Tarnekar
- Thadomal Shahani Engineering
College, P.G. Kher Marg T.P.S III, Bandra West, Mumbai 400050,
India
| | - Pracheta Pal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency
University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal,
India
| | - Prakhar Bansal
- Department of Electrical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076,
India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076,
India
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7
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Caruso C, Colantuono S, Ciasca G, Basile U, Di Santo R, Bagnasco D, Passalacqua G, Caminati M, Michele S, Senna G, Heffler E, Canonica GW, Crimi N, Intravaia R, De Corso E, Firinu D, Gasbarrini A, Del Giacco SR. Different aspects of severe asthma in real life: Role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins and correlation to comorbidities and disease severity. Allergy 2023; 78:131-140. [PMID: 35922152 DOI: 10.1111/all.15466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma, with several phenotypes and endotypes, is considered particularly suited for precision medicine. The identification of different non-invasive biomarkers may facilitate diagnosis and treatment. Recently, Staphylococcus aureus and its enterotoxins (SE) have been found to have a role in inducing persistent type 2 airway inflammation in severe asthma, but also in such comorbidities as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). METHODS The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of SE-IgE sensitization in a multicentric Italian cohort of severe asthmatic patients and correlate it with demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS A total of 249 patients were included in the analysis, out of which 25.3% were staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-IgE positive. We found a meaningful association between SEB-IgE and female gender, a positive association was also measured between CRS and CRSwNP. No significant association was found between SEB-IgE sensitization and atopy, the occurrence of exacerbations and corticosteroid dosages. In the SEB-IgE-positive patient, blood eosinophil count does not appear to be correlated with the severity of the disease. Patients with SEB-IgE sensitization are, on average, younger and with an earlier disease onset, thus confirming the possibility to consider SEB-IgE sensitization as an independent risk factor for developing asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that the search for SE in the initial screening phase of these patients is helpful to better phenotype them, may predict the evolution of comorbidities and lead to a targeted therapeutic choice; in this point of view this represents a goal of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Area Diagnostica di Laboratorio, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona and Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Schiappoli Michele
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Asthma Center and Allergy Unit, University of Verona and General Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - G Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Intravaia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Otolaryngology Institute-Department of Head and Neck, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano R Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Cruz A, Vieira M, Mesquita AR, Sampaio A, Mendes-Pinto I, Soares I, Freitas PP. Non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring tool of children’s mental health: A point-of-care immunosensor for IL-6 quantification in saliva samples. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:919551. [PMID: 36225733 PMCID: PMC9549322 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.919551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are commonly featured as chronic conditions with often onset during childhood. In this context, inflammation has been associated with a higher risk of developing physical and mental health problems. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a key mediator of inflammatory responses and plays a pivotal role in immune and nervous system interaction. High levels of IL-6 during childhood are associated with mental problems, indicating that the IL-6 molecular pathway may represent a new target for monitoring and treating these conditions. Here, we report the detection of IL-6 in saliva samples from children (N = 118, mean age 4.4 years old) with behavioral problems using an immunosensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This work demonstrates that the proposed immunosensor requires smaller sample volumes and is significantly faster and more sensitive than conventional ELISA while maintaining comparable levels of specificity and reproducibility. The point-of care immunosensor for detection of IL-6 in saliva samples presented herewith is, therefore, an attractive solution to the clinical practice as a rapid non-invasive, high-sensitive monitoring tool of mental health problems, especially in vulnerable patient populations such as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cruz
- ProChild CoLAB Against Child Poverty and Social Exclusion, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) Collaborative Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Andrea Cruz, ,
| | - Maria Vieira
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Mesquita
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel Soares
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo P. Freitas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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9
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Nardini M, Ciasca G, Lauria A, Rossi C, Di Giacinto F, Romanò S, Di Santo R, Papi M, Palmieri V, Perini G, Basile U, Alcaro FD, Di Stasio E, Bizzarro A, Masullo C, De Spirito M. Sensing red blood cell nano-mechanics: Toward a novel blood biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:932354. [PMID: 36204549 PMCID: PMC9530048 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.932354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are characterized by a remarkable elasticity, which allows them to undergo very large deformation when passing through small vessels and capillaries. This extreme deformability is altered in various clinical conditions, suggesting that the analysis of red blood cell (RBC) mechanics has potential applications in the search for non-invasive and cost-effective blood biomarkers. Here, we provide a comparative study of the mechanical response of RBCs in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy subjects. For this purpose, RBC viscoelastic response was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the force spectroscopy mode. Two types of analyses were performed: (i) a conventional analysis of AFM force-distance (FD) curves, which allowed us to retrieve the apparent Young's modulus, E; and (ii) a more in-depth analysis of time-dependent relaxation curves in the framework of the standard linear solid (SLS) model, which allowed us to estimate cell viscosity and elasticity, independently. Our data demonstrate that, while conventional analysis of AFM FD curves fails in distinguishing the two groups, the mechanical parameters obtained with the SLS model show a very good classification ability. The diagnostic performance of mechanical parameters was assessed using receiving operator characteristic (ROC) curves, showing very large areas under the curves (AUC) for selected biomarkers (AUC > 0.9). Taken all together, the data presented here demonstrate that RBC mechanics are significantly altered in AD, also highlighting the key role played by viscous forces. These RBC abnormalities in AD, which include both a modified elasticity and viscosity, could be considered a potential source of plasmatic biomarkers in the field of liquid biopsy to be used in combination with more established indicators of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nardini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lauria
- Unitá Operativa Complessa Neuroriabilitazione ad Alta Intensitá, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Rossi
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi (ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca D. Alcaro
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Stasio
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bizzarro
- Unitáă Operativa Complessa Continuità assistenziale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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10
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Pellicano C, Colalillo A, Basile V, Marino M, Basile U, La Gualana F, Mezzaroma I, Visentini M, Rosato E. The Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination on B-Cell Phenotype in Systemic Sclerosis Patients. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091420. [PMID: 36143205 PMCID: PMC9500778 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: to assess the influence of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on B-cell phenotypes in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods: peripheral blood B-cell subpopulations were evaluated before (t1) and 3 months (t3) after the second dose of vaccine in 28 SSc patients. Peripheral blood B-cell subpopulations were evaluated in 21 healthy controls (HCs) only at t1. Anti-spike IgG levels were evaluated at t3 in both cohorts. Results: SSc patients presented higher naive, double-negative, and CD21low B cells compared to HCs. IgM-memory and switched-memory B cells were lower in SSc patients than HCs. No differences in anti-spike IgG levels after vaccination were observed between SSc patients and HCs. Anti-spike IgG levels after vaccination were lower in SSc patients with increased CD21low B cells at baseline compared to SSc patients with normal CD21low B cells. A positive correlation was found between IgG levels and naive B cells. A negative linear correlation was shown between IgG levels and IgM-memory, switched-memory, double-negative, and CD21low B cells. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine response is normal in SSc patients not undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. The normal number of naive B cells is a positive marker of antibody response. The increased percentage of CD21low B cells represents a negative marker of antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pellicano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Amalia Colalillo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Basile
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Section of General Pathology, “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Disease Sciences, “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca La Gualana
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Mezzaroma
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Visentini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rosato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Langalia A, Sinha N, Thakker V, Shah A, Shah J, Singh B. Saliva as a propitious diagnostic biofluid, biomarker, and bodies first line of defense against COVID-19: A review. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:2292-2301. [PMID: 36119338 PMCID: PMC9480652 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1567_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to recognize the role of saliva not just as a transmitting agent of COVID 19, but also comprehend its role in the diagnosis, and as a biomarker. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database and eligible studies were included if they addressed the key issues i.e saliva as a diagnostic aid. As of January 10, 2021, a total of 309 articles across the PubMed database were identified of which 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. They were carefully examined for the type of study, sample size, parameters used, sample collection technique, and conclusions drawn. Diagnostic properties of saliva, the role of ACE 2 receptors, antibody formation ability, and antiviral characteristics were also explored. Comparisons among methods of sample collection like nasopharyngeal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs to saliva were also investigated. The observations and important deductions among the different studies were compared. Results indicated that saliva could be a reliable and financially viable option in both testing viral titers as well as marking for bio analytes due to its propitious specificity and sensitivity results reported in most of the studies. However, the inferences drawn from many of these studies should be interpreted with caution due to small sample sizes, inadequate detailing on the sample handling, laboratory processing, and rush in Corona-related publication. Scientific research with larger sample sizes, in diverse populations and age groups, at different phases of disease progression of COVID-19 are essential to reach any conclusion regarding its multi-facet use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Langalia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmeddabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Sinha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Viral Thakker
- Department of Periodontics, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmeddabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Aarshvi Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmeddabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jinali Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmeddabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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12
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Pocino K, Napodano C, Marino M, Di Santo R, Miele L, De Matthaeis N, Gulli F, Saporito R, Rapaccini GL, Ciasca G, Basile U. A Comparative Study of Serum Angiogenic Biomarkers in Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010011. [PMID: 35008171 PMCID: PMC8750498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The progression of liver disease is accompanied by pathological angiogenesis, a prerequisite for the development of HCC. In this paper, we analyzed the clinical significance of serum angiogenic markers VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2, angiopoietin receptor Tie1/2, HGF, and PECAM-1 in 62 patients with liver disease, out of which 33 were diagnosed with HCC and 29 with liver cirrhosis without signs of neoplasia. Biomarkers levels were investigated as a function of “Model for End-Stage Liver Disease” (MELD) score and Fibrosis Index (FI). HCC patients showed higher HGF levels than ones with cirrhosis, while high Ang-1 levels appeared to have a protective role in HCC as well as prognostic significance; we also found a strong correlation between HGF levels, Ang-2, and VEGF levels, further supporting their role in tumor angiogenesis. Due to the complexity of angiogenesis and the small size of the study group, further investigations are widely desired especially in the era of immunotherapy and HCC-targeted anti-angiogenic drugs. Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem associated with chronic liver disease. Its pathogenesis varies according to the underlying etiological factors, although in most cases it develops from liver cirrhosis. The disease progression is accompanied by pathological angiogenesis, which is a prerequisite that favors the development of HCC. Aims: This study aims at contributing to our understanding of the role of angiogenic factors in the progression of liver disease. For this purpose, we evaluate the clinical significance of serum angiogenic markers (VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2, the angiopoietin receptor Tie1/2, HGF, and PECAM-1) first in cirrhotic and HCC patients separately, and then comparing cirrhotic patients with and without HCC. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 62 patients, out of whom 33 were diagnosed with HCC and 29 with liver cirrhosis without signs of neoplasia. Patients underwent venous blood sampling before and after receiving treatments for the diagnosed disease. Serum markers were evaluated using ELISA assays for Tie1 and the Bio-Plex Multiplex system for the remaining ones. Biomarker levels were investigated as a function of clinical scores for disease staging (MELD and Fibrosis Index, FI). Results: In cirrhotic patients, Ang-1 and Ang-2 correlate with MELD (ρAng-1 = −0.73, p = 2E−5) and FI (ρAng-1 = −0.52, p = 7E−3, ρAng-2 = 0.53, p = 3E−3). A reduction of Ang-2 levels (p = 0.047) and of the Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio (p = 0.031) is observed in cirrhotic patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis after antiviral treatments. In HCC patients, Ang-1 negatively correlates with FI (ρ = −0.63, p = 1E−4), and PECAM-1 positively correlates with MELD (ρ = 0.44, p = 0.01). A significant Ang-1 reduction was observed in deceased patients during the study compared to ones who survived (p = 0.01). In HCC patients, VEGF levels were increased after tumor treatment (p = 0.037). Notably, HGF levels in cirrhotic patients with HCC are significantly raised (p = 0.017) compared to that in those without HCC. Conclusions: Our results suggest that serum angiogenic markers, with emphasis on Ang-1/2, can contribute to the development of quantitative tools for liver disease staging and therapy monitoring. The comparison between cirrhotic patients with and without HCC suggests that HGF levels are potentially useful for monitoring the insurgence of HCC after a cirrhosis diagnosis. High Ang-1 levels in HCC patients appear to have a protective role as well as prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krizia Pocino
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Generale di Zona San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, 00189 Rome, Italy; (K.P.); (R.S.)
| | | | - Mariapaola Marino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.B.)
| | - Riccardo Di Santo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Luca Miele
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Medicina Interna, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (N.D.M.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Nicoletta De Matthaeis
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Medicina Interna, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (N.D.M.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Madre Giuseppina Vannini, 00177 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Saporito
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Generale di Zona San Pietro Fatebenefratelli, 00189 Rome, Italy; (K.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Gian Ludovico Rapaccini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Medicina Interna, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (N.D.M.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Umberto Basile
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (U.B.)
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13
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Di Santo R, Romanò S, Mazzini A, Jovanović S, Nocca G, Campi G, Papi M, De Spirito M, Di Giacinto F, Ciasca G. Recent Advances in the Label-Free Characterization of Exosomes for Cancer Liquid Biopsy: From Scattering and Spectroscopy to Nanoindentation and Nanodevices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1476. [PMID: 34199576 PMCID: PMC8230295 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs) are nano-sized vesicles secreted by most cell types. They are abundant in bio-fluids and harbor specific molecular constituents from their parental cells. Due to these characteristics, EXOs have a great potential in cancer diagnostics for liquid biopsy and personalized medicine. Despite this unique potential, EXOs are not yet widely applied in clinical settings, with two main factors hindering their translational process in diagnostics. Firstly, conventional extraction methods are time-consuming, require large sample volumes and expensive equipment, and often do not provide high-purity samples. Secondly, characterization methods have some limitations, because they are often qualitative, need extensive labeling or complex sampling procedures that can induce artifacts. In this context, novel label-free approaches are rapidly emerging, and are holding potential to revolutionize EXO diagnostics. These methods include the use of nanodevices for EXO purification, and vibrational spectroscopies, scattering, and nanoindentation for characterization. In this progress report, we summarize recent key advances in label-free techniques for EXO purification and characterization. We point out that these methods contribute to reducing costs and processing times, provide complementary information compared to the conventional characterization techniques, and enhance flexibility, thus favoring the discovery of novel and unexplored EXO-based biomarkers. In this process, the impact of nanotechnology is systematically highlighted, showing how the effectiveness of these techniques can be enhanced using nanomaterials, such as plasmonic nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces, which enable the exploitation of advanced physical phenomena occurring at the nanoscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Santo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Mazzini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Svetlana Jovanović
- “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Campi
- Rome International Centre Materials Science Superstripes RICMASS, via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR, via Salaria Km 29. 300, Monterotondo Stazione, 00016 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavio Di Giacinto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (S.R.); (A.M.); (G.N.); (M.P.); (F.D.G.)
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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