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Sánchez-Mora A, Briñez E, Pico A, González-Sebastián L, Antonio Cruz-Navarrro J, Arenaza-Corona A, Puentes-Díaz N, Alí-Torres J, Reyes-Márquez V, Morales-Morales D. Synthesis of Para-Acetylated Functionalized Ni(II)-POCOP Pincer Complexes and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation Against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400995. [PMID: 39001660 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
A series of three Ni(II)-POCOP complexes para-functionalized with an acetoxyl fragment were synthesized. All complexes (2 a-c) were fully characterized through standard analytical techniques. The molecular structure of complex 2 b was unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing that the metal center is situated in a slightly distorted square-planar environment. Additionally, the acetoxy fragment at the para-position of the phenyl ring was found to be present. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of all complexes was assessed on six human cancer cell lines. Notably, complex 2 b exhibited selective activity against K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia) and MCF-7 (mammary adenocarcinoma) with IC50 values of 7.32±0.60 μM and 14.36±0.02 μM, respectively. Furthermore, this compound showed negligible activity on the healthy cell line COS-7, highlighting the potential therapeutic application of 2 b. The cytotoxic evaluations were further complemented with molecular docking calculations to explore the potential biological targets of complex 2 b, revealing interactions with cluster differentiation protein 1a (CD1A, PDB: 1xz0) for K-562 and with the progesterone receptor for MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Sánchez-Mora
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Edwin Briñez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Alejandro Pico
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Lucero González-Sebastián
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Ciudad de México, C.P. 09340, México
| | - J Antonio Cruz-Navarrro
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Antonino Arenaza-Corona
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
| | - Nicolás Puentes-Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia -Sede Bogotá, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Jorge Alí-Torres
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia -Sede Bogotá, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Viviana Reyes-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora, C.P. 83000, Mexico
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, México
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Guan F, Yang L, Chen Y, Shi J, Song X, Lai X, Lu Y, Liu L, Ouyang G, Zhao Y, Yu J, Xu Y, Lan J, Fu H, Zhao Y, Qiu X, Zhu P, Cai Z, Huang H, Luo Y. Comparison of long-term outcomes between imatinib and dasatinib prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A multicenter retrospective study. Cancer 2024; 130:2139-2149. [PMID: 38315517 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prognosis of Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has improved with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and stem cell transplantation, prevention of relapse after transplantation remains a concern. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of TKI prophylaxis with imatinib and dasatinib on long-term outcomes after transplantation. METHODS Patients with Ph+ ALL who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) at first complete remission (CR1) and received TKI prophylaxis after allo-HSCT were included in this retrospective analysis. Two cohorts were established based on the choice of TKI prophylaxis: the imatinib (Ima) and dasatinib (Das) cohorts. The survival and safety outcomes of these cohorts were compared. RESULTS Ninety-one patients in the Ima cohort and 50 in the Das cohort were included. After a median follow-up of 50.6 months, the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse, nonrelapse mortality rate, and overall survival in the Ima and Das cohorts were 16.1% and 12.5%, 5.2% and 9.8%, and 86.5% and 77.6%, respectively, with no statistical differences. The cumulative incidence of mild chronic graft-versus-host disease was higher in the Das cohort. The most common adverse event was neutropenia (64.7% vs. 69.5%). The Das cohort had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding (25.5% vs. 2.3%) and gastrointestinal reaction (48.9% vs. 31.4%) than the Ima cohort. The proportion of patients treated on schedule was significantly lower in the Das cohort than in the Ima cohort, and drug intolerance was the main reason for protocol violation. CONCLUSIONS For patients with Ph+ ALL undergoing allo-HSCT in CR1, imatinib prophylaxis achieved long-term outcomes similar to those of dasatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangshu Guan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luxin Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Song
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Lan
- Cancer Center, Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huarui Fu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Xu G, Zeng Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Wang M, Xiao Q, Li J, Xie X, He S, Fu H, Liu Y, Yang Z, Chen Y, Shi J, Wang B, Qiu H, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Chen S. The novel TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene enhances tumorigenesis via PDGFRB/STAT5 signalling pathways and sensitivity to TKI in ph-like ALL. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18114. [PMID: 38323741 PMCID: PMC10844707 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like ALL) often face a grim prognosis, with PDGFRB gene fusions being commonly detected in this subgroup. Our study has unveiled a newfound fusion gene, TERF2::PDGFRB, and we have found that patients carrying this fusion gene exhibit sensitivity to dasatinib. Ba/F3 cells harbouring the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion display IL-3-independent cell proliferation through activation of the p-PDGFRB and p-STAT5 signalling pathways. These cells exhibit reduced apoptosis and demonstrate sensitivity to imatinib in vitro. When transfused into mice, Ba/F3 cells with the TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene induce tumorigenesis and a shortened lifespan in cell-derived graft models, but this outcome can be improved with imatinib treatment. In summary, we have identified the novel TERF2::PDGFRB fusion gene, which exhibits oncogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo, making it a potential therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐fa Xu
- Department of HematologyChongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, Central Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing HospitalChongqingChina
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Zhao Zeng
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐bo Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐mei Zhang
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Xiao‐qing Xie
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Sanxiu He
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Hui‐hui Fu
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Zai‐liang Yang
- Department of HematologyChongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, Central Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of HematologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of HematologyAffiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian UniversityDalianChina
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of HematologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People's Hospital of Changzhou)ChangzhouChina
| | - Hui‐ying Qiu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of HematologyChongqing University FuLing Hospital, Chongqing, Central Laboratory, Chongqing University FuLing HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Hematology‐OncologyChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Su‐ning Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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4
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De Sa H, Leonard J. Novel Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in ALL. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2024; 19:18-34. [PMID: 38048037 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-023-00718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a widely heterogeneous disease in terms of genomic alterations, treatment options, and prognosis. While ALL is considered largely curable in children, adults tend to have higher risk disease subtypes and do not respond as favorably to conventional chemotherapy. Identifying genomic drivers of leukemogenesis and applying targeted therapies in an effort to improve disease outcomes is an exciting focus of current ALL research. Here, we review recent updates in ALL targeted therapy and present promising opportunities for future research. RECENT FINDINGS With the utilization of next-generation sequencing techniques, the genomic landscape of ALL has greatly expanded to encompass novel subtypes characterized by recurrent chromosomal rearrangements, gene fusions, sequence mutations, and distinct gene expression profiles. The evolution of small molecule inhibitors and immunotherapies, and the exploration of unique therapy combinations are some examples of recent advancements in the field. Targeted therapies are becoming increasingly important in the treatment landscape of ALL to improve outcomes and minimize toxicity. Significant recent advancements have been made in the detection of susceptible genomic drivers and the use of novel therapies to target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong De Sa
- OHSU Center for Health and Healing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3485 S Bond Ave, Mail Code OC14HO, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jessica Leonard
- OHSU Center for Health and Healing, Oregon Health & Science University, 3485 S Bond Ave, Mail Code OC14HO, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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5
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Pasvolsky O, Kebriaei P, Shah BD, Jabbour E, Jain N. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: state-of-the-(C)ART and the road ahead. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3350-3360. [PMID: 36912764 PMCID: PMC10345854 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has recently been added to the armamentarium in the battle against B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In this review, we discuss the trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of CAR T-cell therapies in patients with B-ALL. We evaluate the evolving role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in the CAR T-cell era and discuss lessons learned from the first steps with CAR T-cell therapy in ALL. Upcoming innovations in CAR technology, including combined and alternative targets and off-the-shelf allogeneic CAR T-cell strategies are presented. Finally, we envision the role that CAR T cells could take in the management of adult patients with B-ALL in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Pasvolsky
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bijal D. Shah
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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6
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Therapeutic Advances in Immunotherapies for Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911526. [PMID: 36232824 PMCID: PMC9569660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the success of immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor transgenic T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, bispecific T-cell engager therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, further studies are underway to improve the efficacy of these immunotherapies and to reduce the complications associated with their use in combination with other immune checkpoint inhibitors and conventional chemotherapy. Studies of novel therapeutic strategies such as bispecific (tandem or dual) CAR-T, bispecific killer cell engager, trispecific killer cell engager, and dual affinity retargeting therapies are also underway. Because of these studies and the discovery of novel immunotherapeutic target molecules, the use of immunotherapy for diseases initially thought to be less promising to treat with this treatment method, such as acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell hematologic tumors, has become a reality. Thus, in this coming era of new transplantation- and chemotherapy-free treatment strategies, it is imperative for both scientists and clinicians to understand the molecular immunity of hematologic malignancies. In this review, we focus on the remarkable development of immunotherapies that could change the prognosis of hematologic diseases. We also review the molecular mechanisms, development processes, clinical efficacies, and problems of new agents.
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7
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Chen Y, Li Z, Cao Q, Guan H, Mao L, Zhao M. Ferroptosis-related gene signatures in neuroblastoma associated with prognosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871512. [PMID: 36147739 PMCID: PMC9486025 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis, a form of regulatory cell death, has been linked to the development of various tumors. Peripheral neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common extracranial solid tumors in children, and it has been proposed that regulating tumor cell ferroptosis may be a future treatment for NB. However, it is unclear how ferroptosis contributes to NB development. Methods: Expression data were collected from two independent cohorts (GEO and Arrayexpress databases). Univariate Cox analysis, multivariate Cox analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) algorithm were applied to create a prognostic signature, whose performance was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Kaplan–Meier curves. A prognostic meta-analysis was used to test the suitability and stability of the FRG signature. Drug sensitivity analyses were performed using the data collected from Cell Miner™. Results:PROM2, AURKA, STEAP3, CD44, ULK2, MAP1LC3A, ATP6V1G2, and STAT3 are among the eight genes in the FRG prognostic signature, all of which were highly expressed in stage 1 NB, except AURKA. Furthermore, the high-risk group, which was stratified by signature, had a lower overall survival rate than the low-risk group. GSEA revealed that high-risk groups have more biological processes related to ferroptosis. Conclusion: Ferroptosis-related genes are expressed differently between stages 1 and 4 NB. The FRG signature successfully stratified NB patients into two risk groups and can accurately predict the overall survival in NB. In addition, we found that the gene AURKA might have the potential to be a prognostic marker in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Transplantation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyu Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longfei Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Longfei Mao, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Longfei Mao, ; Mingyi Zhao,
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8
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Boettcher M, Joechner A, Li Z, Yang SF, Schlegel P. Development of CAR T Cell Therapy in Children-A Comprehensive Overview. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2158. [PMID: 35456250 PMCID: PMC9024694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized immunotherapy in the last decade with the successful establishment of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing cellular therapies as an alternative treatment in relapsed and refractory CD19-positive leukemias and lymphomas. There are fundamental reasons why CAR T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug administration and the European Medicines Agency for pediatric and young adult patients first. Commonly, novel therapies are developed for adult patients and then adapted for pediatric use, due to regulatory and commercial reasons. Both strategic and biological factors have supported the success of CAR T cell therapy in children. Since there is an urgent need for more potent and specific therapies in childhood malignancies, efforts should also include the development of CAR therapeutics and expand applicability by introducing new technologies. Basic aspects, the evolution and the drawbacks of childhood CAR T cell therapy are discussed as along with the latest clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Alexander Joechner
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Ziduo Li
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Sile Fiona Yang
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
| | - Patrick Schlegel
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia;
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia; (Z.L.); (S.F.Y.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westmead Children’s Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia
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9
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Opat SS. Targeted Therapy in Leukaemia, Lymphoma and Myeloma. J Pers Med 2022; 12:74. [PMID: 35055389 PMCID: PMC8781269 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, most advances in cancer therapy have been pioneered by clinicians managing the blood diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Samuel Opat
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3088, Australia
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10
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The Use of Inhibitors of Tyrosine Kinase in Paediatric Haemato-Oncology-When and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112089. [PMID: 34769519 PMCID: PMC8584725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental pathophysiology of malignancies is dysregulation of the signalling pathways. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are among the enzymes which, if mutated, play a critical role in carcinogenesis. The best-studied rearrangement, which enhances PTK activity and causes atypical proliferation, is BCR-ABL1. Abnormal expression of PTKs has proven to play a significant role in the development of various malignancies, such as chronic myelogenous leukaemia, brain tumours, neuroblastoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is an outstanding example of successful target therapy. TKIs have been effectively applied in the adult oncology setting, but there is a need to establish TKIs’ importance in paediatric patients. Many years of research have allowed a significant improvement in the outcome of childhood cancers. However, there are still groups of patients who have a poor prognosis, where the intensification of chemotherapy could even cause death. TKIs are designed to target specific PTKs, which lead to the limitation of severe adverse effects and increase overall survival. These advances will hopefully allow new therapeutic approaches in paediatric haemato-oncology to emerge. In this review, we present an analysis of the current data on tyrosine kinase inhibitors in childhood cancers.
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