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Brasen CL, Andersen ES, Madsen JB, Hastrup J, Christensen H, Andersen DP, Lind PM, Mogensen N, Madsen PH, Christensen AF, Madsen JS, Ejlersen E, Brandslund I. Machine learning in diagnostic support in medical emergency departments. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17889. [PMID: 39095565 PMCID: PMC11297196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66837-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing patients in the medical emergency department is complex and this is expected to increase in many countries due to an ageing population. In this study we investigate the feasibility of training machine learning algorithms to assist physicians handling the complex situation in the medical emergency departments. This is expected to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient logistics and outcome. We included a total of 9,190 consecutive patient admissions diagnosed and treated in two hospitals in this cohort study. Patients had a biochemical workup including blood and urine analyses on clinical decision totaling 260 analyses. After adding nurse-registered data we trained 19 machine learning algorithms on a random 80% sample of the patients and validated the results on the remaining 20%. We trained algorithms for 19 different patient outcomes including the main outcomes death in 7 (Area under the Curve (AUC) 91.4%) and 30 days (AUC 91.3%) and safe-discharge(AUC 87.3%). The various algorithms obtained areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristics -curves in the range of 71.8-96.3% in the holdout cohort (68.3-98.2% in the training cohort). Performing this list of biochemical analyses at admission also reduced the number of subsequent venipunctures within 24 h from patient admittance by 22%. We have shown that it is possible to develop a list of machine-learning algorithms with high AUC for use in medical emergency departments. Moreover, the study showed that it is possible to reduce the number of venipunctures in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Lohman Brasen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark.
| | - Eline Sandvig Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Buur Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jens Hastrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Dorte Patuel Andersen
- Department of Emergency, Kolding Hospital, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sygehusvej 24, 6000, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Pia Margrethe Lind
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Nina Mogensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Madsen
- Department of Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sygehusvej 24, 6000, Kolding, Denmark
- Emergency, Acute Care and Trauma Centre, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Friesgaard Christensen
- Department of Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sygehusvej 24, 6000, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ejler Ejlersen
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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Bomrah S, Uddin M, Upadhyay U, Komorowski M, Priya J, Dhar E, Hsu SC, Syed-Abdul S. A scoping review of machine learning for sepsis prediction- feature engineering strategies and model performance: a step towards explainability. Crit Care 2024; 28:180. [PMID: 38802973 PMCID: PMC11131234 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis, an acute and potentially fatal systemic response to infection, significantly impacts global health by affecting millions annually. Prompt identification of sepsis is vital, as treatment delays lead to increased fatalities through progressive organ dysfunction. While recent studies have delved into leveraging Machine Learning (ML) for predicting sepsis, focusing on aspects such as prognosis, diagnosis, and clinical application, there remains a notable deficiency in the discourse regarding feature engineering. Specifically, the role of feature selection and extraction in enhancing model accuracy has been underexplored. OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to fulfill two primary objectives: To identify pivotal features for predicting sepsis across a variety of ML models, providing valuable insights for future model development, and To assess model efficacy through performance metrics including AUROC, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS The analysis included 29 studies across diverse clinical settings such as Intensive Care Units (ICU), Emergency Departments, and others, encompassing 1,147,202 patients. The review highlighted the diversity in prediction strategies and timeframes. It was found that feature extraction techniques notably outperformed others in terms of sensitivity and AUROC values, thus indicating their critical role in improving sepsis prediction models. CONCLUSION Key dynamic indicators, including vital signs and critical laboratory values, are instrumental in the early detection of sepsis. Applying feature selection methods significantly boosts model precision, with models like Random Forest and XG Boost showing promising results. Furthermore, Deep Learning models (DL) reveal unique insights, spotlighting the pivotal role of feature engineering in sepsis prediction, which could greatly benefit clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherali Bomrah
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 235, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Mohy Uddin
- Research Quality Management Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, 11426, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umashankar Upadhyay
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 235, Taiwan
- School of Biotechnology and Applied Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Matthieu Komorowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Jyoti Priya
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 235, Taiwan
| | - Eshita Dhar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan
- International Center for Health Information Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 235, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Hsu
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
- Emergency Department, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Shabbir Syed-Abdul
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 235, Taiwan.
- International Center for Health Information Technology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 235, Taiwan.
- School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Tyler S, Olis M, Aust N, Patel L, Simon L, Triantafyllidis C, Patel V, Lee DW, Ginsberg B, Ahmad H, Jacobs RJ. Use of Artificial Intelligence in Triage in Hospital Emergency Departments: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e59906. [PMID: 38854295 PMCID: PMC11158416 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in healthcare has become a major point of interest and raises the question of its impact on the emergency department (ED) triaging process. AI's capacity to emulate human cognitive processes coupled with advancements in computing has shown positive outcomes in various aspects of healthcare but little is known about the use of AI in triaging patients in ED. AI algorithms may allow for earlier diagnosis and intervention; however, overconfident answers may present dangers to patients. The purpose of this review was to explore comprehensively recently published literature regarding the effect of AI and ML in ED triage and identify research gaps. A systemized search was conducted in September 2023 using the electronic databases EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science. To meet inclusion criteria, articles had to be peer-reviewed, written in English, and based on primary data research studies published in US journals 2013-2023. Other criteria included 1) studies with patients needing to be admitted to hospital EDs, 2) AI must have been used when triaging a patient, and 3) patient outcomes must be represented. The search was conducted using controlled descriptors from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) that included the terms "artificial intelligence" OR "machine learning" AND "emergency ward" OR "emergency care" OR "emergency department" OR "emergency room" AND "patient triage" OR "triage" OR "triaging." The search initially identified 1,142 citations. After a rigorous, systemized screening process and critical appraisal of the evidence, 29 studies were selected for the final review. The findings indicated that 1) ML models consistently demonstrated superior discrimination abilities compared to conventional triage systems, 2) the integration of AI into the triage process yielded significant enhancements in predictive accuracy, disease identification, and risk assessment, 3) ML accurately determined the necessity of hospitalization for patients requiring urgent attention, and 4) ML improved resource allocation and quality of patient care, including predicting length of stay. The suggested superiority of ML models in prioritizing patients in the ED holds the potential to redefine triage precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Tyler
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Matthew Olis
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Nicole Aust
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Love Patel
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Leah Simon
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Catherine Triantafyllidis
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Vijay Patel
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Brendan Ginsberg
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Hiba Ahmad
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Robin J Jacobs
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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Davey NA, Chase JG, Zhou C, Murphy L. Preserving multi-dimensional information: A hypersphere method for parameter space analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28822. [PMID: 38601671 PMCID: PMC11004565 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physiological modelling often involves models described by large numbers of variables and significant volumes of clinical data. Mathematical interpretation of such models frequently necessitates analysing data points in high-dimensional spaces. Existing algorithms for analysing high-dimensional points either lose important dimensionality or do not describe the full position of points. Hence, there is a need for an algorithm which preserves this information. Methods The most-distant uncovered point (MDUP) hypersphere method is a binary classification approach which defines a collection of equidistant N-dimensional points as the union of hyperspheres. The method iteratively generates hyperspheres at the most distant point in the interest region not yet contained within any hypersphere, until the entire region of interest is defined by the union of all generated hyperspheres. This method is tested on a 7-dimensional space with up to 35.8 million points representing feasible and infeasible spaces of model parameters for a clinically validated cardiovascular system model. Results For different numbers of input points, the MDUP hypersphere method tends to generate large spheres away from the boundary of feasible and infeasible points, but generates the greatest number of relatively much smaller spheres around the boundary of the region of interest to fill this space. Runtime scales quadratically, in part because the current MDUP implementation is not parallelised. Conclusions The MDUP hypersphere method can define points in a space of any dimension using only a collection of centre points and associated radii, making the results easily interpretable. It can identify large continuous regions, and in many cases capture the general structure of a region in only a relative few hyperspheres. The MDUP method also shows promise for initialising optimisation algorithm starting conditions within pre-defined feasible regions of model parameter spaces, which could improve model identifiability and the quality of optimisation results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cong Zhou
- University of Canterbury, New Zealand
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5
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Shih BH, Yeh CC. Advancements in Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Medicine in Taiwan: A Narrative Review. J Acute Med 2024; 14:9-19. [PMID: 38487757 PMCID: PMC10938302 DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.202403_14(1).0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The rapid progression of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has greatly influenced emergency medicine, particularly in Taiwan-a nation celebrated for its technological innovation and advanced public healthcare. This narrative review examines the current status of AI applications in Taiwan's emergency medicine and highlights notable achievements and potential areas for growth. AI has wide capabilities encompass a broad range, including disease prediction, diagnostic imaging interpretation, and workflow enhancement. While the integration of AI presents promising advancements, it is not devoid of challenges. Concerns about the interpretability of AI models, the importance of dataset accuracy, the necessity for external validation, and ethical quandaries emphasize the need for a balanced approach. Regulatory oversight also plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and effective deployment of AI tools in clinical settings. As its footprint continues to expand in medical education and other areas, addressing these challenges is imperative to harness the full potential of AI for transforming emergency medicine in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Hung Shih
- Cathay General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Yeh
- Cathay General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
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Rashid A, Al-Obeida F, Hafez W, Benakatti G, Malik RA, Koutentis C, Sharief J, Brierley J, Quraishi N, Malik ZA, Anwary A, Alkhzaimi H, Zaki SA, Khilnani P, Kadwa R, Phatak R, Schumacher M, Shaikh G, Al-Dubai A, Hussain A. ADVANCING THE UNDERSTANDING OF CLINICAL SEPSIS USING GENE EXPRESSION-DRIVEN MACHINE LEARNING TO IMPROVE PATIENT OUTCOMES. Shock 2024; 61:4-18. [PMID: 37752080 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis remains a major challenge that necessitates improved approaches to enhance patient outcomes. This study explored the potential of machine learning (ML) techniques to bridge the gap between clinical data and gene expression information to better predict and understand sepsis. We discuss the application of ML algorithms, including neural networks, deep learning, and ensemble methods, to address key evidence gaps and overcome the challenges in sepsis research. The lack of a clear definition of sepsis is highlighted as a major hurdle, but ML models offer a workaround by focusing on endpoint prediction. We emphasize the significance of gene transcript information and its use in ML models to provide insights into sepsis pathophysiology and biomarker identification. Temporal analysis and integration of gene expression data further enhance the accuracy and predictive capabilities of ML models for sepsis. Although challenges such as interpretability and bias exist, ML research offers exciting prospects for addressing critical clinical problems, improving sepsis management, and advancing precision medicine approaches. Collaborative efforts between clinicians and data scientists are essential for the successful implementation and translation of ML models into clinical practice. Machine learning has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of sepsis and significantly improve patient outcomes. Further research and collaboration between clinicians and data scientists are needed to fully understand the potential of ML in sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joe Brierley
- Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nasir Quraishi
- Centre for Spinal Studies & Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre. The University of Nottingham. Nottingham, UK
| | - Zainab A Malik
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dubai, U.A.E
| | - Arif Anwary
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University. Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajesh Phatak
- Pediatric Intensive Care, Burjeel Hospital, Najda, Abu Dhabi
| | | | - Guftar Shaikh
- Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Children. Glasgow, UK
| | - Ahmed Al-Dubai
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University. Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amir Hussain
- School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University. Edinburgh, UK
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Chen Y, Chen H, Sun Q, Zhai R, Liu X, Zhou J, Li S. Machine learning model identification and prediction of patients' need for ICU admission: A systematic review. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 73:166-170. [PMID: 37696074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergency department (ED) triage process serves as a crucial first step for patients seeking acute care, This initial assessment holds crucial implications for patient survival and prognosis. In this study, a systematic review of the existing literature was performed to investigate the performance of machine learning (ML) models in recognizing and predicting the need for intensive care among ED patients. METHODS Four prominent databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched for relevant literature published up to April 28, 2023. The Prediction model study Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was employed to evaluate the risk of bias and feasibility of prediction models. RESULTS In ten studies, the main algorithms used were Gradient Boostin, Logistic Regressio, Neural Network, Support Vector Machines, Random Forest. The performance of each model was as follows: Gradient Boosting had a sensitivity range of 0.3 to 0.96, specificity range of 0.6 to 0.99, accuracy range of 0.37 to 0.99, precision range of 0.3 to 0.96, and AUC value range of 0.68 to 0.93; Logistic Regression had a sensitivity range of 0.46 to 0.97, specificity range of 0.28 to 0.99, accuracy range of 0.66 to 0.97, precision range of 0.27 to 0.63, and AUC value range of 0.72 to 0.97; Neural Networks had a sensitivity range of 0.45 to 0.96, specificity range of 0.58 to 0.99, accuracy range of 0.36 to 0.97, precision range of 0.27 to 0.96, and AUC value range of 0.67 to 0.91; Support Vector Machines had a sensitivity range of 0.49 to 0.83, specificity range of 0.94 to 0.98, accuracy range of 0.33 to 0.97, precision range of 0.53 to 0.94, and AUC values were not reported; Random Forests had a sensitivity range of 0.75 to 0.91, specificity range of 0.77 to 0.94, accuracy range of 0.35 to 0.77, precision range of 0.36 to 0.94, and AUC value of 0.83. CONCLUSION ML models have demonstrated good performance in identifying and predicting critically ill patients in ED triage. However, because of the limited number of studies on each model, further high-quality prospective research is needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Chen
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Chen
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Sun
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyi Zhou
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shufang Li
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
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Yang Z, Cui X, Song Z. Predicting sepsis onset in ICU using machine learning models: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:635. [PMID: 37759175 PMCID: PMC10523763 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal response of the body to infection and imposes a significant health and economic burden worldwide due to its high mortality rate. Early recognition of sepsis is crucial for effective treatment. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the performance of various machine learning models in predicting the onset of sepsis. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, covering studies from database inception to November 14, 2022. We used the PROBAST tool to assess the risk of bias. We calculated the predictive performance for sepsis onset using the C-index and accuracy. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for this study. RESULTS We included 23 eligible studies with a total of 4,314,145 patients and 26 different machine learning models. The most frequently used models in the studies were random forest (n = 9), extreme gradient boost (n = 7), and logistic regression (n = 6) models. The random forest (test set n = 9, acc = 0.911) and extreme gradient boost (test set n = 7, acc = 0.957) models were the most accurate based on our analysis of the predictive performance. In terms of the C-index outcome, the random forest (n = 6, acc = 0.79) and extreme gradient boost (n = 7, acc = 0.83) models showed the highest performance. CONCLUSION Machine learning has proven to be an effective tool for predicting sepsis at an early stage. However, to obtain more accurate results, additional machine learning methods are needed. In our research, we discovered that the XGBoost and random forest models exhibited the best predictive performance and were most frequently utilized for predicting the onset of sepsis. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42022384015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoju Cui
- Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Song
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Alanazi A, Aldakhil L, Aldhoayan M, Aldosari B. Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1276. [PMID: 37512087 PMCID: PMC10385427 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Early detection of sepsis is crucial and can save lives. However, identifying sepsis early and accurately remains a difficult task in the medical field. This study aims to investigate a new machine-learning approach. By analyzing the clinical laboratory results and vital signs of adult patients in the ICU, this approach can predict and detect the initial signs of sepsis. Materials and Methods: To examine survival rates and predict outcomes, the study utilized several models, including the proportional hazards model and data mining algorithms. We analyzed data from the BESTCare database at KAMC, with a focus on patients aged 14 and older who were admitted to the ICU between April and October 2018. We conducted a thorough analysis of the medical records of a total of 1182 patients who were diagnosed with sepsis. Results: We studied two approaches to predict sepsis in ICU patients. The regression model utilizing survival analysis showed moderate predictive ability, emphasizing the importance of only three factors-time (from sepsis to an outcome; discharge or death), lactic acid, and temperature-had a significant p-value (p = 0.000568, p = 0.01, p = 0.02, respectively). Other data mining algorithms may have limitations due to their assumptions of variable independence and linear classification nature. Conclusions: To achieve progress and accuracy in the field of sepsis prediction, it is important to continuously strive for improvement. By meticulously cleaning and selecting data attributes, we can create a strong foundation for future advancements in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alanazi
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Ibn Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Aldakhil
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Ibn Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aldhoayan
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Ibn Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bakheet Aldosari
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Ibn Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
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Qiu X, Lei YP, Zhou RX. SIRS, SOFA, qSOFA, and NEWS in the diagnosis of sepsis and prediction of adverse outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:891-900. [PMID: 37450490 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2237192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), and National Early Warning Score (NEWS) for sepsis diagnosis and adverse outcomes prediction. METHODS Clinical studies that used SIRS, SOFA, qSOFA, and NEWS for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis assessment were included. Data were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed for outcome measures, including sepsis diagnosis, in-hospital mortality, 7/10/14-day mortality, 28/30-day mortality, and ICU admission. RESULTS Fifty-seven included studies showed good overall quality. Regarding sepsis prediction, SIRS demonstrated high sensitivity (0.85) but low specificity (0.41), qSOFA showed low sensitivity (0.42) but high specificity (0.98), and NEWS exhibited high sensitivity (0.71) and specificity (0.85). For predicting in-hospital mortality, SOFA demonstrated the highest sensitivity (0.89) and specificity (0.69). In terms of predicting 7/10/14-day mortality, SIRS exhibited high sensitivity (0.87), while qSOFA had high specificity (0.75). For predicting 28/30-day mortality, SOFA showed high sensitivity (0.97) but low specificity (0.14), whereas qSOFA displayed low sensitivity (0.41) but high specificity (0.88). CONCLUSIONS NEWS independently demonstrates good diagnostic capability for sepsis, especially in high-income countries. SOFA emerges as the optimal choice for predicting in-hospital mortality and can be employed as a screening tool for 28/30-day mortality in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Peng Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Xi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Raven W, de Hond A, Bouma LM, Mulder L, de Groot B. Does machine learning combined with clinical judgment outperform clinical judgment alone in predicting in-hospital mortality in old and young suspected infection emergency department patients? Eur J Emerg Med 2023; 30:205-206. [PMID: 37103898 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne de Hond
- Clinical AI Implementation and Research Lab, Department of Information Technology and Digital Innovation
- Department of Information Technology and Digital Innovation
| | - Lisa-Milou Bouma
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef, RC, Leiden
| | - Leandra Mulder
- Department of Information Technology and Digital Innovation
| | - Bas de Groot
- Department of Emergency Medicine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Alturki A, Al-Eyadhy A, Alfayez A, Bendahmash A, Aljofan F, Alanzi F, Alsubaie H, Alabdulsalam M, Alayed T, Alofisan T, Alnajem A. Impact of an electronic alert system for pediatric sepsis screening a tertiary hospital experience. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12436. [PMID: 35859000 PMCID: PMC9300636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the potential impact of implementing an electronic alert system (EAS) for systemic inflammatory syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis in pediatric patients mortality. This retrospective study had a pre and post design. We enrolled patients aged ≤ 14 years who were diagnosed with sepsis/severe sepsis upon admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. We implemented an EAS for the patients with SIRS/sepsis. The patients who met the inclusion criteria pre-EAS implementation comprised the control group, and the group post-EAS implementation was the experimental group. Mortality was the primary outcome, while length of stay (LOS) and mechanical ventilation in the first hour were the secondary outcomes. Of the 308 enrolled patients, 147 were in the pre-EAS group and 161 in the post-EAS group. In terms of mortality, 44 patients in the pre-EAS group and 28 in the post-EAS group died (p 0.011). The average LOS in the PICU was 7.9 days for the pre-EAS group and 6.8 days for the post-EAS group (p 0.442). Considering the EAS initiation time as the “zero time”, early recognition of SIRS and sepsis via the EAS led to faster treatment interventions in post-EAS group, which included fluid boluses with median (25th, 75th percentile) time of 107 (37, 218) min vs. 30 (11,112) min, p < 0.001) and time to initiate antimicrobial therapy median (25th, 75th percentile) of 170.5 (66,320) min vs. 131 (53,279) min, p 0.042). The difference in mechanical ventilation in the first hour of admission was not significant between the groups (25.17% vs. 24.22%, p 0.895). The implementation of the EAS resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the mortality rate among the patients admitted to the PICU in our study. An EAS can play an important role in saving lives and subsequent reduction in healthcare costs. Further enhancement of systematic screening is therefore highly recommended to improve the prognosis of pediatric SIRS and sepsis. The implementation of the EAS, warrants further validation in multicenter or national studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alturki
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alfayez
- Maternity and Children's Hospital, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Bendahmash
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Aljofan
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alanzi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Alsubaie
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moath Alabdulsalam
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Alayed
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Alofisan
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alnajem
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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