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de Araujo CM, Freitas PFDJ, Ferraz AX, Andreis PKDS, Meger MN, Baratto-Filho F, Augusto Rodenbusch Poletto C, Küchler EC, Camargo ES, Schroder AGD. Predicting the Risk of Maxillary Canine Impaction Based on Maxillary Measurements Using Supervised Machine Learning. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 39365255 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To predict palatally impacted maxillary canines based on maxilla measurements through supervised machine learning techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maxilla images from 138 patients were analysed to investigate intermolar width, interpremolar width, interpterygoid width, maxillary length, maxillary width, nasal cavity width and nostril width, obtained through cone beam computed tomography scans. The predictive models were built using the following machine learning algorithms: Adaboost Classifier, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron Classifier (MLP), Random Forest Classifier and Support Vector Machine (SVM). A 5-fold cross-validation approach was employed to validate each model. Metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision and F1 Score were calculated for each model, and ROC curves were constructed. RESULTS The predictive model included four variables (two dental and two skeletal measurements). The interpterygoid width and nostril width showed the largest effect sizes. The Gradient Boosting Classifier algorithm exhibited the best metrics, with AUC values ranging from 0.91 [CI95% = 0.74-0.98] for test data to 0.89 [CI95% = 0.86-0.94] for crossvalidation. The nostril width variable demonstrated the highest importance across all tested algorithms. CONCLUSION The use of maxillary measurements, through supervised machine learning techniques, is a promising method for predicting palatally impacted maxillary canines. Among the models evaluated, both the Gradient Boosting Classifier and the Random Forest Classifier demonstrated the best performance metrics, with accuracy and AUC values exceeding 0.8, indicating strong predictive capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aline Xavier Ferraz
- Postgraduate Program in Human Communication Health, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisa Souza Camargo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Orthodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Sokmen T, Bagcı N, Balos Tuncer B. Buccolingual inclination of posterior dentition in maxillary impacted canine patients using quadrant analysis - A cone-beam computed tomographic study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1012. [PMID: 39210316 PMCID: PMC11363395 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the buccolingual inclination of maxillary posterior teeth, curve of Wilson, and transversal dimensions in palatally impacted maxillary canine patients, compared to controls by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre-treatment images of 22 bilateral, 32 unilateral impacted maxillary canine patients and 30 controls were included. All patients had palatally impacted canines, with no posterior cross-bite. Data were reclassified in quadrants according to the presence of impaction, as the impaction quadrant (right and left quadrants of 22 bilateral impacted cases, and quadrants presenting impaction of 32 unilateral cases, n = 76), unaffected quadrant (quadrant without impaction in 32 unilateral cases, n = 32) and the control quadrant (right and left quadrants of 30 controls, n = 60) to evaluate the buccolingual inclination angle, transversal width, and arch perimeter. Additionally, comparisons were made regarding curve of Wilson and total arch perimeter among bilateral and unilateral impaction groups with the control group. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests. Tukey or Dunn tests were used for comparisons between groups in pairs. RESULTS No significant difference was found for the buccolingual inclination of maxillary posterior teeth and curve of Wilson among groups. The buccolingual inclination of canines in the impaction quadrant was significantly lower than the other quadrants (p < 0.001). Basal bone width at the level of second premolars, and alveolar width at both premolars were significantly narrower in the impaction quadrant than in the unaffected quadrant (p < 0.05). Dental arch width at the level of first premolar was significantly decreased in the impaction quadrant compared to other quadrants (p < 0.05). Arch perimeter was significantly reduced in the impaction quadrant than in the unaffected quadrant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of bilateral or unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines did not effect the buccolingual inclination of posterior teeth, and curve of Wilson. Transverse discrepancy was evident in the impaction quadrant even in the absence of posterior cross-bite. Quadrant analysis was particularly useful in evaluating asymmetry for basal bone and alveolar bone widths in the premolar region in patients with unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tevhide Sokmen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Biskek cad. 1.sokak no:4 Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey.
| | - Nuray Bagcı
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balos Tuncer
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Biskek cad. 1.sokak no:4 Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey
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Oliveira TCPD, Copello FM, Paes-Souza SDA, Castro ACRD, Nojima LI, Gonçalves Nojima MDC. Influence of the maxillary dimensions and lateral incisor anatomy on the palatal impaction of maxillary permanent canines: A three-dimensional case-control study. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100804. [PMID: 37659282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of impacted upper permanent canines (IUPC) is a relatively common clinical finding. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the upper permanent canines palatal impaction, lateral incisors morphology and the maxilla bone base. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cone-beam tomography files from 62 subjects were divided into 2 groups: impaction group (ICG/n=31; mean age 14.3±2.4) with 45 canines impacted on the palatal side and age- and sex-matched control group (CG/n=31; mean age 14.3±2.3), with 62 normally erupted canines. Linear and volumetric measurements of the lateral incisors, linear transversal measures and the maxillary anterior perimeter were taken. Independent Student's t-test was used for intergroup analysis with correction of Bonferroni. RESULTS Significant differences were found for crown length and root diameter (buccal-palatal) (P<0.005). The maxillary anterior perimeter in the ICG was reduced in relation to the GC but not significantly (P=0.008). The transverse skeletal variables of the maxilla were equivalent in the intergroup comparison (P>0.005). CONCLUSION Smaller dimensions in the crown length and in the upper permanent lateral incisors root buccal-palatal diameter were associated with the impaction of upper permanent canines on the palatal side. The maxillary transverse morphology did not show any association with the occurrence of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cristina Pereira de Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Ilha do Fundão CEP, 21941-617 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio Mendonça Copello
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sylvia de Araújo Paes-Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Ilha do Fundão CEP, 21941-617 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cunha Regal de Castro
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Ilha do Fundão CEP, 21941-617 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Issamu Nojima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Ilha do Fundão CEP, 21941-617 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325, Ilha do Fundão CEP, 21941-617 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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R P, Durgekar SG. Evaluation of skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensions in patients with maxillary unilateral impacted canine: a cone beam computed tomographic study. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05117-9. [PMID: 37358689 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensions of subjects with the unilateral maxillary-impacted canine and compare it with the non-impacted side using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS A split-mouth study that included 26 CBCTs (52 sides) with unilateral impacted canine was designed. The parameters analyzed were alveolar height; bucco palatal width at 2 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm from alveolar crest; premolar width; lateral angulation of incisors; root length of lateral incisors; and crown-root angulation of lateral incisors. Obtained data were statistically analyzed by unpaired independent t-test. RESULTS The bucco palatal width at 2 mm and the premolar width from mid-palatal raphe were 1.22 mm and 1.71 mm less on the impacted side, respectively; the central and lateral incisor angulations were less by 3.69 degrees and 3.40 degrees, respectively, on the impacted side; the lateral incisor root length was 2.8 mm shorter on the impacted side; the crown-root angulation for lateral incisor was 2.4 degrees more on the impacted side. CONCLUSION The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The premolar width is less on the impacted side. (2) The incisors are more distally angulated on the impacted side. (3) The crown-root angulation of the lateral incisor is mesially directed on the impacted side. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Asymmetric arch expansions should be undertaken in severe transverse asymmetries. In the beginning stages of treatment, the arch alignment, excluding incisors, must be undertaken to safeguard the roots of incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth R
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Yeshwanthpur Suburb, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560022, India
- , 50, Sundar Raj Nagar, Subramanipuram, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, 620020, India
| | - Sujala Ganapati Durgekar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Yeshwanthpur Suburb, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560022, India.
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Saade M, Arai K, Motro M, Saade A, Will LA. Maxillary dimensions and arch shape with palatally displaced canines. Eur J Orthod 2023; 45:338-345. [PMID: 36617278 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the effect of palatally displaced canines on maxillary dimensions and arch shape. METHODS Occlusal and skeletal landmarks were plotted on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 156 orthodontic patients: 78 with palatally displaced canines (PDC) (27 left, 28 right, and 23 bilateral) and 78 controls using Mimics™ (Materialise, Belgium). Arch forms were created, and arch width, depth, and skeletal dimensions were measured. T-test (P < 0.05) was used to compare the groups. Geometric Morphometrics (GM) analysis was used to compare the groups and to explore the pattern of covariation between two sets of landmarks. RESULTS The unilateral PDC group showed an increased first premolar, second premolar, molar widths, and an increased molar depth. No significant difference was found in arch form. The skeletal measurements were generally larger in the PDC group, but the transverse measurements were the most significant. Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) with cross-validation allowed an accurate classification of 85.9% of the control group and 66.7% of the PDC group. The Mahalanobis distance displayed significant differences among three combinations of groups. Strong covariance was found between the second premolar and all other landmarks. LIMITATIONS The small sample sizes of the stratified groups precluded recognition of statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Patients with unilateral PDC displayed significantly wider first, second premolar, and first molar widths, and increased first molar depths. There were no significant differences in arch form; however, GM showed significant differences between the groups and a prominent covariance function for the 2nd premolars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Saade
- Department of Orthodontics, Boston University, 100 East Newton St., Room 754, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kazuhito Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Melih Motro
- Department of Orthodontics, Boston University, 100 East Newton St., Room 754, MA 02118, USA
| | - Antoine Saade
- Department of Orthodontics, Lebanese University, P.O. Box 6573, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leslie A Will
- Department of Orthodontics, Boston University, 100 East Newton St., Room 757, MA 02118, USA
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Al-Kyssi HA, Al-Mogahed NM, Altawili ZM, Dahan FN, Almashraqi AA, Aldhorae K, Alhammadi MS. Predictive factors associated with adjacent teeth root resorption of palatally impacted canines in Arabian population: a cone-beam computed tomography analysis. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:220. [PMID: 35658855 PMCID: PMC9166389 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate three-dimensionally the factors associated with adjacent teeth root resorption of palatally impacted canines. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, one-hundred and fourteen cone beam computed tomography scans with palatally impacted maxillary canines were evaluated for the presence of adjacent root resorption. Seven parameters were analyzed: alignment of maxillary incisors, presence of deciduous canines, first premolars' roots configuration, impacted canines rotation, angulation of impacted canine to the midline, contact relationship, and area of contact with adjacent teeth. The association between dependent and independent qualitative and quantitative variables was analyzed using chi-square and independent student's t-test, respectively. The multivariate analysis was performed using regression analysis. The significant value was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The overall incidence of vertical, horizontal impaction and adjacent root resorption were 92, 8 and 77.2%, respectively. The apical third was the most involved area (57%); resorption of a single tooth was found in 21.9% of the total sample. The most common resorbed teeth were lateral first premolars (24.6%), followed by central lateral incisors (20.2%), and lateral incisors (15.8%) of the total sample. The severity of resorption was highest in grade I (31.5%) and lowest in grade III (7.6%). Three variables showed significant differences between resorption and non-resorption groups namely; canine rotation (P < 0.013), contact relationship (P < 0.001), and area of contact with adjacent teeth (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed an association between adjacent root resorption and permanent canine rotation, adjacent premolars' roots configuration, contact relationship, and area of contact (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Two-thirds of impacted maxillary canines showed a form of root resorption. The most commonly resorbed tooth was the lateral incisors while the least affected one was the central incisors with apical one-third being of the highest risk. The predisposing factors including the canine rotation, premolar with separated roots, contact relationship, and area of contact with adjacent teeth are to be considered for any interceptive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana’a A. Al-Kyssi
- Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Naela M. Al-Mogahed
- Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Zainab M. Altawili
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Faiz N. Dahan
- College of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Republic of Yemen
| | - Abeer A. Almashraqi
- Department of Pre-Clinical Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Aldhorae
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Thamar University, Thamar, Republic of Yemen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Ibn Al-Nafis for Medical Sciences, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Maged S. Alhammadi
- Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Republic of Yemen
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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